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Adegbola, A. I & Prof. Hassan A. Saliu



The Study explained poverty and its implication forDevelopment in Nigeria

Exposed the issue of economic growth without economic

development Nigeria·s economic reforms Seek to maintain economic

growth while the bulk of population remain impoverished«

Development as a process by which people create andrecreate themselves« with their own choices and values ² is

seriously negated in Nigeria The study canvassed for the creation of an outward-oriented

economy via social development to arrest the imbalance.



The (MDG) Millennium Development Goals ² (2015).

Where is Nigeria in 2011?

Still in a state of paradox? (World Bank 1996)

Endowed State ² strong Economic indices but«

In 1996 ² poverty level was 48% (UNDP)

In 2005 ² poverty level was 60% (DFID)

In 2007 ² 80 million Nigerians lived below poverty line In 2010/2011 ² over 80% of the population are poor

(Experts)



Can we have strong economic growth ² while the

population remains in abject poverty?

Can we have growth without Development?



Poverty ² A relative issue ² can·t be boxedinto a corner

But it is Mirror! Poverty is the description of elements necessary

for human survival

Poverty of hunger, material things, culture, goodgovernance, law, socio-economic development,«, also a political issue, a judiciary issue

PRSP ² Lack of means to satisfy basic material

needs as well as feeling of powerlessness! The poor·s definition of Poverty ²

Horowitz (2000) ² A dense concentration ofdisadvantaged circumstances that can swamp

development Negatively



First, what is the Role of the state?

To make its citizens happy and make life

worth living

Every Activities and Laws must address therole

All Democratic politics must herald freedom,

welfare prosperity and justice for the

populace The State must provide a viable economy

and a climate and a climate for eradication

of poverty of material well-being«



Second, what is the International

Norm?

The struggle against poverty is declared as the

main aim of all development activities

Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP)

approach ² centers on the promotion ofdemocracy and the eradication of poverty

International Institute for Democracy and

Electoral Assistance (IDEA), World Bank, UNDP,

Democracy Forum, All trying to link poverty

eradication & democracy promotion

The 1948 Universal declaration of human rights

too ² (pg 7)



Third ² But how has Nigeria fared?

Mazrui (1980:71) ² had a political diagnosis

of the African condition ² observed ² ´The

emerging democracies in Africa are

characterized by the pathology offragmented economyµ

Rich continent which contains many poverty ²

Stricken societies.Examples: AIDS, debt burden ² poverty indices like ²

Unemployment Security challenges, boisterous politics,

high level of illiteracy e.t.c



Randall and Theobald (1985:28) ² Poor

capabilities ² pg8

Almond and Powell ² Beginning of

modernization, crises of State building

processes and integration, culture, increasing

pressure of participation (pg8)

Rostow ² Stages of Development (pg9) Rodney ² Man·s efforts to deal with its

natural environment (pg 9)



The poverty situation is well captured here

(pgs 17 ² 22)

Abandonment of Agriculture

Oil ² A blessing or a problem? ² Monoculture

Economy?

SAP ² Any benefit?

Obasanjo·s Economic Reforms? ² (Maintainingeconomic growth

without corresponding development).



Nigeria·s poor economic responses cont¶d

Goodluck Jonathan ² Any good luck? ² can removal ofoil subsidy do the magic? Has he linked the presentsecurity challenges to level of poverty & development?

Do Okonjo Iweala has the magic wand? Death of Infrastructures & Services

Power generation, Roads, Rail, Raw materials, corruption,value of Naira (per capital Income), Security challenges

The Economic burden had resulted to individual poverty,which has now accumulated to National Poverty ² now a

heavyweight on the country·s development ambitions.



Development must be interpreted to

encompass much more than a rapid rate of

growth in the GNP

Key points in outward-oriented Economy

and Social Development

Diversification of export base

Substantial direct foreign investment (tacklesecurity challenges and infrastructure)

Stable political and macro economic

environment



Policy Options cont¶d

Revamping the country·s productive base

The private sector ² (low cost environment) to

play a major role in job creation

The China Example ² Running a competitiveand outward-oriented economy ² 9%

average annual growth rate for 28years

400M people out of poverty

Combine with good practices of socialpolicy within the overall development

strategy



The existing disconnections between economic

growth and social development must be taken care

of, or else, our development ¶dance· will remain one

leg forward and two legs backwards

References.



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