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By Gajendra Singh
MPhil-Ph.D IInd Sem.
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Content
Population Growth
Growth in different Nations
Effects Relation of Population, Poverty and
Environment
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Population Growth
Increase in the number ofpeople who inhabit
a territory or state.
Sourcewordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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Current Population Status
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Cont
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Cont..
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World Population Growth
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World Population Projection
Estimated topeak at 11 billion in 2200
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Population Variation Among Various
Nations
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Asia
Bangladesh Bangladesh remains a developing nation, in part due to its large
population, Its per capita income in 2006 was US$2300, comparedto the world average of $10,200.
Recent (2005-2007) estimates of Bangladesh's population rangefrom 142 to 159 million, making it the 7th most populous nation in
the world. With a land area of 143,998 square kilometers thepopulation density is remarkable. Bangladesh the highestpopulation density in the world.
Bangladesh's population growth was among the highest in theworld in the 1960s and 1970s, when the country grew from 50 to90 million people, but with the promotion of birth control in the
1980s, the growth rate slowed. The total fertility rate is now 3.1children per woman, compared with 6.2 three decades ago.
Bangladesh remains among the poorest nations in the world. Manypeople are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-proneland. Nearly halfof the population lives on less than 1 US$ per day.
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India
Although India occupies only 2.4% of the
world's land area, it supports over 15% of the
world's population.
Population of 1,139.96 million (2009) and
growing at 10-14% annually (from 2001
2007).
Most of the population is still living below the
National Poverty Line.
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TheWorld Bank estimates that India is ranked 2nd in the world of the number of
children suffering from malnutrition, after Bangladesh (in 1998), where 47% of the
children exhibit a degree of malnutrition.
Density ofpopulation is increasing day by day.
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North America
United States
Americans constitute approximately 5% of theworld's population, but consume about 25% of
the world's resources. including approximately26% of the world's energy. The United Statesholds around 25% of the worlds known oilreserves.
Generates approximately 30% of the worldswaste. The average American's impact on theenvironment is approximately 250 times greaterthan the average Sub-Saharan Africans.
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PAT Formula
Population (size, growth, density and distribution)
interacts in multiplicative way with other factors, such
as levels of consumption and technology, to have
impacts on the environment.
I=P *A * T
product ofpopulation size (P), the level of affluence or per capita consumption (A),and the level of technology (T)
Total environmental impacts (I)
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California
The region's population is expected to reach22 million by 2020, 28 million in 2035, and 33
million in 2050.
The population ofCalifornia continues to growby more than a half million a year and is
expected to reach 48 million in 2030.
Water shortage issues.
Energy-expensive water desalination to solve
this problem.
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Some other Nations of America
Petn region
The Petn region, located in the northern part ofGuatemala, is a population-environment hot spot. Covering
a third of the country, the area suffers from high rates ofdeforestation and increasing migration.
Haiti
Fertility rate in Haiti is 4.86 lifetime births per woman (2007est.)
Losing Forest region.
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Africa
Nigeria
Uganda
Sudan
Zimbabwe
Kenya
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Nigeria
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. The 2006 census gave a populationof 140 million and Nigeria's population is projected to increase twofold to 289million by 2050.
According to the United Nations, Nigeria has been undergoing explosivepopulation growth and one of the highest growth and fertility rates in the world.
Health, health care, and general living conditions in Nigeria are poor. Lifeexpectancy is 47 years (average male/female) and just over half the populationhas access topotable water and appropriate sanitation .
Nigeria, like many developing countries, suffers from a polio crisis as well as
cholera, malaria, and sleeping sickness.
Between 1990 and 2005, the Nigeria lost 79% of its old-growth forests.
Nigeria is losing 1,355 square miles (3,510 km2) of rangeland and cropland todesertification each year. About 35 million people in northern Nigeria are currentlysuffering from the effects of desertification
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Uganda
Population will have increased 21-fold in 100
years and 34-fold in 150 years. Uganda
currently has one of the fastest-growing, mostfertile, and youngest populations in the world,
with a population growth rate of 3.6% per year,
a fertility rate of 6.8 children per woman CIA
World Fact book.
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Europe
Europe is the world's second-smallest continentin terms of area, covering about10,180,000 square kilometers (3,930,000 sq mi)
or 2.0% of the Earth's surface. The only continentsmaller than Europe is Australia.
It is the third most populous continent (after Asiaand Africa) with a population of 728,000,000 or
about 11% of the world's population. Of thecontinents, Europe ranks second in populationdensity.
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Global Problems Associated with
Population
Economic /Poverty/Hunger
Health
Environmental
Political
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If the world were 100 people
51 male 49 female
60 Asians, 14 Africans, 12 Europeans, 8 Latin Americans, 5 from USA and Canada 1 from the South Pacific
82 nonwhite 18 white
67 non-Christian 33 be Christian
(Source: Family Care Foundation)
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If the world were 100 people
80 live in substandardhousing
67 unable to read
50 malnourished 1 dying of starvation
33 without access to safewater supply
39 lack access to improved
sanitation 24 have no electricity
Most of the 76 with electricityuse it only for light at night
(Source: Family Care Foundation)
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If the world were 100 people
(Source: Family Care Foundation)
7 have access to the internet
1 has a college education
1 has HIV
2 near birth 1 near death
5 control 32% of the entire
worlds wealth
All 5 U.S. citizens
33 attempt to live on 3% of
global income
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Food Production in Sub Saharan Africa not keeping upwith population.
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Economic Conflicts
For Accessing Naturalrecourses .
Conflict over the
Biological diversity, vitalfor the medicinal pointofview between bio-rich and advancecountry.
Water and riverConflicts
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Male Poverty/Children force/InfantMortality
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Malnutrition
Most of the South Asian
Countries
African Countries
Due to Hunger, less
cropland.
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Diseases
The UN estimates that 2.1million Indian childrendie before reaching the
age of 5 every year four every minute -mostly frompreventable illnessessuch as diarrhea,
typhoid, malaria,measles andpneumonia.
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AIDS
40 million people infectedwith HIV Many will die of AIDS
Will not greatly impact globalpopulation growth
Will Impact some countries
Losses by 2020:
Uganda 45% Rwanda 35%
Malawi 30%
Malawi AIDS orphans
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Environmental Problems
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Population and the environment.
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Global-carrying capacity
Global-carrying capacity is defined as the maximum human population that the
earth can support indefinitely on a specific resource base, using a specific level of
technology.
Capacity of natural systems toprovide food and energy.
Amount of greenhouse gases that accumulate in the atmosphere without
triggering irreversible climatic changes.
Amount of fresh water available to support humans, other animals andplants
Fish stocks, Fish Stocks.
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Mitigation measures
Birth regulations
FamilyPlanning
One child Policy Education
Government Rules and Supports
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Global Fertility
1950s: 5children/woman
1970s: 4
children/woman 1990s: 2.8
children/woman
Replacement:
2.1children/woman
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Thanks
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