Nutrient Inventory and Storage and Handling (Planner Training)
John W. Worley
Slide 2
Times Have Changed!
Slide 3
Or Have They? George Washingtons Compost Facility
Slide 4
u Balance Imports with Exports Goal
Slide 5
ARE INPUTS & OUTPUTS IN BALANCE? Water In 1 gal. Water Out
Farm Pond 1 gal.
Slide 6
ARE INPUTS & OUTPUTS IN BALANCE? Water In 2 gal. 1 gal.
Water Out Farm Pond
Slide 7
ARE INPUTS & OUTPUTS IN BALANCE? Water In 2 gal. 1 gal.
Water Out Farm Pond
Slide 8
ARE INPUTS & OUTPUTS IN BALANCE? Water Out Water In 2 gal.
Farm Pond 1 gal.
Slide 9
Plugging the Leaks Temporary Solution to Imbalance Water Out
Water In 2 gal. Farm Pond 1 gal. Sand Bags
Slide 10
u More closely balance feed nutrients to animal needs Nitrogen
comes from feed protein Phosphorus comes from ingredients + mineral
supplements Phytate phosphorus is unavailable to animals, but is
excreted with manure u Reduce feed wastage Pelleted Feeds Wet-Dry
feeders Properly adjust feeders u Recycle Use manure nutrients to
produce feed on the farm Strategies to Reduce Waste
Slide 11
u Feed u Animals u Commercial Fertilizer u Manure from other
farms u Legumes N, P, K Imports
Slide 12
u Animals u Animal Products (Milk) u Manure shipped off farm u
Storage Losses N, P, K Exports
Slide 13
u Slurry Systems Storage Systems u Liquid Systems
(Lagoons)
Slide 14
u Dry Systems Storage Systems
Slide 15
u Combination Systems (Solids Separators) Storage Systems
Slide 16
u Lagoons Reduce Waste Stream (Volatilize Organic Matter)
Reduce Land Application Area (Vol. Nitrogen) Reduce Odor Emissions
u Slurry Storage Maximize Nutrient Utilization Minimize Storage
Volume (minimize water added) Goals
Slide 17
u Dry Systems Make manure more transportable Reduce odors u
Solids Separators Reduce size requirements for liquid storage and
treatment Allow transport of some of waste to remote sites or off
farm Goals
Slide 18
Disadvantages u Lagoons Large Volume in storage structure
Reduces N/P ratio Sludge must be periodically removed u Slurry
Storage Requires more acres for application (based on N) Odors are
greater (if not covered)
Slide 19
Disadvantages u Dry Systems Often more manual labor required
Swine: Non-homogeneous u Solids Separators Requires more management
Requires two types of equipment Cost of construction and
operation
Slide 20
u Lagoon u Slurry Storage Earthen Basin Design
Slide 21
u Lagoon Volatilizes nitrogen Phosphorus settles in sludge
layer 90-95% of phosphorus must eventually be accounted for if P
based NMP u Slurry Storage Less nitrogen volatilized Phosphorus
must be accounted for each year u Dry Systems Can be less flexible
concerning time of application Effects on Nutrient Management
Slide 22
% of Original Nitrogen Available after Storage
Slide 23
u Description of Overall System Number and type of buildings
Flush, Pull-plug, etc For partial confinement - % Time in
confinement CNMP Should Include:
Slide 24
u Lagoon Design Information (as available) When built, Who
designed it Total Capacity (ft 3 ) Pumpable (Storage) Capacity (ft
3 ) Surface Water Diversion u Operating Information Maximum Fill
Level Pump-down level CNMP Should Include:
Slide 25
Pumpable Volume Rise Run Depth Stop-Pumping Level Max-Fill
Level Total Volume Inside Slope = Run/Rise Lagoon Design Info:
Slide 26
u For Slurry Storage Design Storage Time Capacity (# of
animals, etc.) u Capacity of Dry storage if applicable u Closure
Plan for Liquid or Slurry Storage Structures u Provision for Record
Keeping (Monthly Inspection Checklist) CNMP Should Include:
Slide 27
u Standard Book Value Estimates u Imports minus Exports u
Manure analysis and application records Estimation of Nutrients in
Manure
Slide 28
u Standard Estimates (lb / year / animal, etc) Table 1, Table 3
a,b,c Table 4 (Storage Losses), Table 5 (sludge) Estimation of
Nutrients in Manure
Slide 29
Slide 30
Slide 31
Slide 32
Slide 33
u Imports minus exports Table 2 a,b,c, Table 7 Table 4 (Storage
Losses), Table 5 (sludge) Estimation of Nutrients in Manure
Slide 34
Slide 35
Slide 36
Slide 37
Slide 38
u Manure analysis and application records Table 6 a,b
Estimation of Nutrients in Manure
Slide 39
Slide 40
Slide 41
u Software has been developed to aid in development of CNMP
including the estimation of nutrient inventories see AWARE web site
for download Summary (Nutrient Inventory)
Slide 42
Slide 43
Slide 44
Slide 45
u Lagoons Reduce nitrogen, organic matter, and odors if
properly managed Must be started and operated according to the
design to maintain lagoon health v Sludge must be removed
periodically v Do not empty below treatment level Summary
Slide 46
u Slurry Storage Maximizes nutrient retention More balanced
with plant needs Should be cleaned out at least annually Encourage
cover to reduce odors u Proper management including regular
inspections and record keeping are essential Summary
Slide 47
u Overall Farm Nutrient Balance Nutrients brought onto farm in
feed, fertilizer, animals, legumes Exported in animals and animal
products, manure, losses Summary
Slide 48
u 3 methods of estimating inventory Standard values
(lb/animal/day; lb/lb of animal/year; etc.) - - simple to use, but
tend to be out of date and values vary greatly by farm. Leaner
animals produce more N, less P Inputs - Outputs - - more
complicated, but more accurate if records available Nutrient
analysis and Records of Quantities Pumped - - most accurate if
adequate records are available v (Does not account for sludge
storage unless sludge is sampled or agitation is used before
sampling) Summary
Slide 49
u All methods except analysis and records must estimate storage
losses u Storage losses can vary greatly with management
differences. Generally represent the greatest difference in manure
nutrient content between farms, especially N u Your system may be
somewhere between systems described in published lists Summary
Slide 50
Questions? Resources: AWARE Web site: http://www.agp2.org/ Then
click on Animal Waste Management John W. Worley
([email protected])