National Survey ofSSI Children and Families
NATIONAL SURVEY OF SSI NATIONAL SURVEY OF SSI CHILDREN AND FAMILIES (NSCF)CHILDREN AND FAMILIES (NSCF)
American Public Health American Public Health Association Annual MeetingAssociation Annual Meeting
October 23, 2001October 23, 2001
National Survey ofSSI Children and Families
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Kalman Rupp and Paul DaviesKalman Rupp and Paul DaviesSocial Security AdministrationSocial Security Administration
NSCF
SSI Program: Cash Benefits for Children with Disabilities
Monthly cash benefits to support the basic Monthly cash benefits to support the basic needs of children with disabilities under 18needs of children with disabilities under 18– Federal SSI: up to $531 per month in 2001Federal SSI: up to $531 per month in 2001– State supplements in most statesState supplements in most states
Benefits first paid in 1974Benefits first paid in 1974 Must have low income and limited assetsMust have low income and limited assets
– Parents’ income “deemed” to child with allowances for Parents’ income “deemed” to child with allowances for other children in the familyother children in the family
SSI provides direct link to Medicaid in many SSI provides direct link to Medicaid in many statesstates
NSCF
Growth of SSI for ChildrenSSI Child Applications, Awards, and Recipients, 1974-2000
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
Year
Nu
mb
er
Applications Awards Recipients
Source: Children Receiving SSI, June 2001 (Tables 1-3)
NSCF
Major Legislative Changes Behind Growth Patterns
Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984– Listing of childhood mental disorders expanded in 1990Listing of childhood mental disorders expanded in 1990
Sullivan v. Zebley decision, 1990Sullivan v. Zebley decision, 1990– SSA regulations require consideration of child’s ability to SSA regulations require consideration of child’s ability to
function in an function in an age-appropriate mannerage-appropriate manner– Multistep evaluation process including individual functional Multistep evaluation process including individual functional
assessment (IFA)assessment (IFA) Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity
Reconciliation Act of 1996Reconciliation Act of 1996– Disability must result in Disability must result in marked and severemarked and severe functional limitations functional limitations– IFA eliminatedIFA eliminated– Maladaptive behavior removed from personal/behavioral domain Maladaptive behavior removed from personal/behavioral domain
of childhood mental disorders listingsof childhood mental disorders listings
NSCF
Basic Indicators of Program Size
Current operating statistics for children:Current operating statistics for children:– Over 860,000 currently receiving SSIOver 860,000 currently receiving SSI– Over $4.8 billion in annual Federal SSI paymentsOver $4.8 billion in annual Federal SSI payments– Average Federal SSI benefit = $467 per monthAverage Federal SSI benefit = $467 per month– 65% receive maximum Federal SSI benefit ($531 per month in 65% receive maximum Federal SSI benefit ($531 per month in
2001)2001) Long-run implications: average total stay on SSI for Long-run implications: average total stay on SSI for
children is 27 years (Rupp & Scott, 1995)children is 27 years (Rupp & Scott, 1995) Coverage of SSI in 1999 relative to TANFCoverage of SSI in 1999 relative to TANF
– 1.2% of children received SSI; 6.9% received TANF1.2% of children received SSI; 6.9% received TANF– 6.9% of children in poverty received SSI; 40.1% received TANF 6.9% of children in poverty received SSI; 40.1% received TANF
((Indicators of Welfare DependenceIndicators of Welfare Dependence, 2001; , 2001; Poverty in the United Poverty in the United States: 1999States: 1999))
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Need for Survey
SSA INFORMATION NEEDS:SSA INFORMATION NEEDS: Fundamental questions about objectives of the Fundamental questions about objectives of the
programprogram Need to obtain information addressing current policy Need to obtain information addressing current policy
questions of interestquestions of interest Assess welfare reform effectsAssess welfare reform effects Future needs for current informationFuture needs for current information
GAP IN DATA AVAILABILITY:GAP IN DATA AVAILABILITY:
Last survey in 1978Last survey in 1978 Administrative record data limitedAdministrative record data limited
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Basic Survey Design
Comprehensive data collection Comprehensive data collection complementing administrative recordscomplementing administrative records– Who are these children?Who are these children?– Family context (parental labor supply)Family context (parental labor supply)– Cash versus in kind benefitsCash versus in kind benefits– Poverty and noneconomic outcomesPoverty and noneconomic outcomes
Current cross-sectionCurrent cross-section Design allows for follow-up surveyDesign allows for follow-up survey Welfare reform effectsWelfare reform effects
NSCF
What We Do Know: Diagnostic Mix
Source: Annual Statistical Supplement, 2001 - forthcoming (Table 7.F1)
Primary Diagnosis of SSI ChildrenDecember 2000
33% 32%35%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Mental retardation Other mental Physical
Pe
rce
nt
wit
h d
iag
no
sis
NSCF
What We Do Know:Family Income Sources
Earned income is much lower for Earned income is much lower for families with children on SSI than all families with children on SSI than all families with childrenfamilies with children
Earned income of parents of SSI Earned income of parents of SSI children is a larger percent of family children is a larger percent of family income than SSIincome than SSI
Other unearned income is an Other unearned income is an important source of income for important source of income for families with SSI children, but families with SSI children, but contributes little to average income contributes little to average income of all other families with childrenof all other families with children
Despite the disability of the child, Despite the disability of the child, families with children on SSI are families with children on SSI are more likely to have earned income more likely to have earned income than families with children on welfare than families with children on welfare (data not shown)(data not shown)
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
with child on SSI without child onSSI
$ per month
SSI
non-SSIunearned
earnings
NSCF
What We Do Know:Welfare Reform Effects on Caseload
About 100,000 children lost SSI benefitsAbout 100,000 children lost SSI benefits Approximately 45% of first cohort of age-18 Approximately 45% of first cohort of age-18
cases lost benefitscases lost benefits Little short-run evidence of reapplications by Little short-run evidence of reapplications by
those who lost benefitsthose who lost benefits Tighter rules expected to lead to lower future Tighter rules expected to lead to lower future
entry ratesentry rates Largest net effect over time expected from Largest net effect over time expected from
age-18 redeterminations because this is a age-18 redeterminations because this is a recurring processrecurring process
NSCF
What We Do Know:Effect of SSI on Poverty
Over 60% of SSI children Over 60% of SSI children live in families that would live in families that would be poor without SSIbe poor without SSI
SSI cuts rate of poverty SSI cuts rate of poverty to 60% of “Before SSI” to 60% of “Before SSI” raterate
A nontrivial portion of A nontrivial portion of families have incomes families have incomes above 200% of poverty above 200% of poverty line, especially with SSI line, especially with SSI incomeincome
Family Before Afterincome as SSI SSIpercent ofpoverty lineUnder 50% 41.7 9.3 50-74% 11.9 15.5 75-99% 9.9 14.4 100-199% 24.0 39.5 200% + 12.4 21.4 Total 100.0 100.0
percent distribution
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What We Do Know:Kids in Multirecipient Households
Over 40 percent of child Over 40 percent of child recipients live in recipients live in multirecipient householdsmultirecipient households
6 out of 10 of these kids 6 out of 10 of these kids live with a parent live with a parent recipient, less than 1 in recipient, less than 1 in 10 with a grandparent 10 with a grandparent recipientrecipient
Children in multirecipient Children in multirecipient households are at a households are at a relatively high risk of relatively high risk of povertypoverty
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
sing
le
coup
le
othe
r m
ulti
0-17 yrs
18-64 yrs
65+ yrs
Proportion of SSI Recipients in Poverty
NSCF
What We DON’T Know:What Will We Learn from NSCF?
Data collection and survey content Data collection and survey content – Susan MitchellSusan Mitchell
Sample designSample design– Frank PotterFrank Potter
Data productsData products– Margaret CahalanMargaret Cahalan
Data usesData uses– Pamela LoprestPamela Loprest
National Survey ofSSI Children and Families
DATA COLLECTION AND DATA COLLECTION AND SURVEY CONTENTSURVEY CONTENT
Susan MitchellSusan MitchellMathematica Policy ResearchMathematica Policy Research
NSCF
Data Collection Plan
N = 11,875 N = 11,875
Sample includes current SSI recipients, former SSI Sample includes current SSI recipients, former SSI recipients, families who applied for but never recipients, families who applied for but never received SSIreceived SSI
Response rate target = 80 percentResponse rate target = 80 percent
Dual modes of data collectionDual modes of data collection
– Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI)Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI)
– Computer-Assisted Personal InterviewingComputer-Assisted Personal Interviewing(CAPI)(CAPI)
NSCF
Methods for Maximizing Response
Advance letterAdvance letter
800 number800 number
$10 incentive$10 incentive
Refusal conversionsRefusal conversions
Spanish translationSpanish translation
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CATI
October status = 40 percent response rateOctober status = 40 percent response rate
CATI goal = 65 percent response CATI goal = 65 percent response
100 telephone interviewers100 telephone interviewers
16 hours of training16 hours of training
August 2001 – February 2002August 2001 – February 2002
NSCF
CAPI
November 2001 – February 2002November 2001 – February 2002
90 field interviewers (3-day training)90 field interviewers (3-day training)
Cases to CAPICases to CAPI
– Those who evade or refuseThose who evade or refuse– Those who can not complete telephone interviewThose who can not complete telephone interview– Unlocated casesUnlocated cases
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Questionnaire
70 minutes in length70 minutes in length
Three versionsThree versions– Child (under 17)Child (under 17)– Young adult (17+)Young adult (17+)– Imprisonment moduleImprisonment module
Similar in content but allow for age-specific Similar in content but allow for age-specific differencesdifferences
Young adult version asks about job preparedness Young adult version asks about job preparedness and youth transition issuesand youth transition issues
NSCF
Who is the Respondent?
Sample case <18 = parent/guardianSample case <18 = parent/guardian
Sample case = 18+Sample case = 18+
– Parent/guardian if living at home/schoolParent/guardian if living at home/school– Sample case if living independentlySample case if living independently– Proxy if living independently and unable to Proxy if living independently and unable to
respondrespond
Imprisoned = parent/guardian or proxyImprisoned = parent/guardian or proxy
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Questionnaire Content
Disability status and Disability status and functional limitationsfunctional limitations
Health care utilizationHealth care utilization
Health insuranceHealth insurance
Education and trainingEducation and training
Programs and servicesPrograms and services
Impact on familyImpact on family
SSI experienceSSI experience
EmploymentEmployment
Work and child careWork and child care
Unearned income and Unearned income and assetsassets
Housing and Housing and transportationtransportation
BackgroundBackground
National Survey ofSSI Children and Families
SAMPLE DESIGNSAMPLE DESIGN
Frank PotterFrank PotterMichael SinclairMichael SinclairBidisha GhoshBidisha Ghosh
NSCF
ObjectivesObjectives
Provide updated information on Provide updated information on experiences, characteristics, and needs experiences, characteristics, and needs of disabled children and their familiesof disabled children and their families
Address question of the effects of the Address question of the effects of the Personal Responsibility and Work Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 ((PRWORA akaPRWORA aka welfare reform) welfare reform)
NSCF
Target PopulationsTarget Populations
Children and families affected by Children and families affected by welfare reformwelfare reform
Children and families currently Children and families currently receiving SSI benefitsreceiving SSI benefits
NSCF
Definition of ‘Child’Definition of ‘Child’
Person 18 or younger at welfare reform Person 18 or younger at welfare reform (used December 1996)(used December 1996)
Person 18 or younger at the time of the Person 18 or younger at the time of the survey (December 2000)survey (December 2000)
Or bothOr both
NSCF
Children Affected by Welfare Reform
Children subject to redetermination and SSI Children subject to redetermination and SSI benefits were continuedbenefits were continued
Children subject to redetermination and SSI Children subject to redetermination and SSI benefits were ceased benefits were ceased
Children not subject to redeterminationChildren not subject to redetermination
Children ages 17-18 at welfare reformChildren ages 17-18 at welfare reform
Children not receiving SSI at WR but had Children not receiving SSI at WR but had previous contact with the programprevious contact with the program
NSCF
Children Currently Receiving SSI Benefits
Children who were on SSI at welfare Children who were on SSI at welfare reformreform
Children who were not on SSI at Children who were not on SSI at
welfare reformwelfare reform Children recipients age 17-18 Children recipients age 17-18
NSCF
Sampling Frame SourceSampling Frame Source
SSI extract record file for December 1996SSI extract record file for December 1996– For SSI recipients at welfare reform and For SSI recipients at welfare reform and
children encountering SSI systemchildren encountering SSI system
SSI extract record file for December 2000SSI extract record file for December 2000– For current recipients or encountering SSI For current recipients or encountering SSI
system since welfare reformsystem since welfare reform
Children “universe” fileChildren “universe” file– For children subject to redetermination at For children subject to redetermination at
welfare reform welfare reform
NSCF
Target Population Size: Target Population Size: At Welfare ReformAt Welfare Reform
On SSI at welfare reformOn SSI at welfare reform 1,520,9271,520,927
Subject to redeterminationSubject to redetermination 325,622 325,622– ContinuedContinued
145,069145,069– DeniedDenied
180,553180,553
Not subject to redeterminationNot subject to redetermination 1,195,3051,195,305
Not on SSI at welfare reformNot on SSI at welfare reform 1,991,6481,991,648
Ages 17–18 at welfare reformAges 17–18 at welfare reform 341,334 341,334
NSCF
Target Population Size: Target Population Size: Current RecipientsCurrent Recipients
Currently On SSICurrently On SSI 886,930886,930
On SSI at welfare reform On SSI at welfare reform 535,063535,063
Not on SSI at welfare reformNot on SSI at welfare reform 351,867351,867
Ages 17 – 18 Ages 17 – 18 106,365106,365
NSCF
Subpopulations of InterestSubpopulations of Interest
Age (current and at welfare reform)Age (current and at welfare reform)
GenderGender
Presence of a mental or physical Presence of a mental or physical disability diagnosisdisability diagnosis
Duration of recipient statusDuration of recipient status
NSCF
Sample Design IssuesSample Design Issues
Optimal sample size / allocationOptimal sample size / allocation– For nearly 140 estimatesFor nearly 140 estimates
11 domains of interest11 domains of interest14 subpopulations14 subpopulations
Some small domains Some small domains
Efficient design for telephone with in-Efficient design for telephone with in-person follow-upperson follow-up
NSCF
Sample Size /AllocationSample Size /Allocation
Minimize cost subject to multiple precision Minimize cost subject to multiple precision constraintsconstraints
Minimizing cost (C) = Minimizing cost (C) = C C hh n n hh
Subject to precision constraints (Var*Subject to precision constraints (Var*k k ) ) on variance estimates (Von variance estimates (Vkk ) )
Var Var kk Var* Var* kk
where Var where Var kk = = Var Var k, hk, h / n / n h h
NSCF
Sample DesignSample Design
Multi-stage list-basedMulti-stage list-based– 75 primary sampling units (PSUs) 75 primary sampling units (PSUs)
Use composite size measure Use composite size measure
– to ensure adequate sample in small to ensure adequate sample in small domainsdomains
– equalize workload in PSUsequalize workload in PSUs
NSCF
Sample SizesSample Sizes
TotalTotal 9,4809,480
On SSI at welfare reform On SSI at welfare reform 6,8326,832
Current recipientsCurrent recipients 4,4514,451
NSCF
Sample Sizes for Children Affected by Welfare Reform
Subject to redetermination Subject to redetermination and continued: and continued: 1,9621,962
Subject to redetermination Subject to redetermination and SSI benefits were ceased: and SSI benefits were ceased: 2,000 2,000
Not subject to redeterminationNot subject to redetermination 2,8702,870
Age 17-18 at welfare reform:Age 17-18 at welfare reform: 1,5831,583
Not receiving SSI at welfare reform but Not receiving SSI at welfare reform but had previous contact with the program:had previous contact with the program: 3,0243,024
NSCF
Sample Sizes for Children Currently Receiving SSI Benefits
All children:All children: 4,451 4,451
On SSI at welfare reform:On SSI at welfare reform: 3,0543,054 Not on SSI at welfare reform:Not on SSI at welfare reform: 1,3981,398 Children ages 17-18 Children ages 17-18 1,0201,020
NSCF
Sample Sizes for SubpopulationsSample Sizes for Subpopulations
MaleMale FemaleFemale 0-50-5 6-126-12 13-1613-16 17-1817-18
On SSI at On SSI at Welfare Welfare ReformReform
4,5154,515 2,3172,317 956956 2,8612,861 1,9081,908 1,1071,107
Current Current RecipientsRecipients 2,8652,865 1,5871,587 611611 1,6611,661 1,1591,159 1,0201,020
NSCF
Sample Release
Monitoring sample status in each PSU Monitoring sample status in each PSU and sampling strataand sampling strata– 592 cells (PSUs/strata)592 cells (PSUs/strata)
Periodic release of additional samplePeriodic release of additional sample
Target response rate: 80%Target response rate: 80%
National Survey ofSSI Children and Families
NSCF DATA PRODUCTSNSCF DATA PRODUCTS
Margaret CahalanMargaret CahalanMathematica Policy ResearchMathematica Policy Research
NSCF
Data Products
Restricted data filesRestricted data files
Public use filePublic use file
CodebooksCodebooks
User’s ManualUser’s Manual
Report on Comparisons with Existing DataReport on Comparisons with Existing Data
NSCF
Public Use File
Adhere to SSA guidelines for protecting Adhere to SSA guidelines for protecting privacyprivacy
– Disclosure analysisDisclosure analysis
– Techniques to mask identityTechniques to mask identity
File will include variance estimation File will include variance estimation parametersparameters
NSCF
User’s Manual
Codebook (question wording, variable name, Codebook (question wording, variable name, weighted and unweighted frequencies, notes weighted and unweighted frequencies, notes on questions, population asked the question)on questions, population asked the question)
Annotated questionnaire with references to Annotated questionnaire with references to donor surveysdonor surveys
Discussion of sample design, response, Discussion of sample design, response, weighting, and variance estimation weighting, and variance estimation proceduresprocedures
NSCF
Report on Comparisons to Related Surveys
Research questions enriched through Research questions enriched through comparisons and baselinescomparisons and baselines
Survey design intentionally used same Survey design intentionally used same question wordingquestion wording
Report will include NSCF tables giving Report will include NSCF tables giving estimates for key statistics collected estimates for key statistics collected including standard errors including standard errors
NSCF
Key Related Surveys
Related surveyRelated survey Sample and estimatesSample and estimates
National Health Interview Survey National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and NHIS-Disability(NHIS) and NHIS-Disability
Annual 43,000 households and Annual 43,000 households and 38,000 children38,000 children.7% (252) severe , 4.7% (1,758) .7% (252) severe , 4.7% (1,758) moderate, all disabled-6.5% (2,475)moderate, all disabled-6.5% (2,475)
Survey of Income and Program Survey of Income and Program ParticipationParticipation
36,700 households and 27,000 36,700 households and 27,000 children –age 0-14 (1.1% severe; children –age 0-14 (1.1% severe; 9.1% any disability)-age 15-21 (1.1% 9.1% any disability)-age 15-21 (1.1% severe; 12.1 any disability)severe; 12.1 any disability)
National Survey of Children with National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs-July Special Health Care Needs-July 20022002
2,750 households; 5,000 children 2,750 households; 5,000 children per stateper state750 CSHCN per state750 CSHCN per state
NSCF
Groups for Comparison fromOther Surveys
All families with disabled children or children All families with disabled children or children with special health care needswith special health care needs
Families with disabled children who do not Families with disabled children who do not receive SSI benefitsreceive SSI benefits
Other low income families with children with Other low income families with children with disabilities or special needsdisabilities or special needs
Other low income families without children Other low income families without children with special needswith special needs
NSCF
Key Data Items
Distribution and Distribution and severity of conditionsseverity of conditions
Functional limitationsFunctional limitations Labor force status of Labor force status of
parentsparents Child and personal care Child and personal care
arrangementsarrangements Incidence of service Incidence of service
utilizationutilization Extent of perceived Extent of perceived
unmet need for health unmet need for health care and servicescare and services
Expenditures and Expenditures and distribution of distribution of paymentspayments
Impact on family and Impact on family and stress levelsstress levels
Satisfaction with careSatisfaction with care Use of special Use of special
equipmentequipment Education and trainingEducation and training Youth transition issuesYouth transition issues
NSCF
Related Surveys for Major NSCF Survey Topics
Disability and Functional Status, Health Disability and Functional Status, Health Care Utilization, Health InsuranceCare Utilization, Health Insurance (NHIS, (NHIS, SIPP, 1978 Survey, SSA Administrative records, SIPP, 1978 Survey, SSA Administrative records, CSHCN)CSHCN)
Education, Training and Other ServicesEducation, Training and Other Services (NHIS-disability supplement; CSHCN; Survey of (NHIS-disability supplement; CSHCN; Survey of American Families (SAF)American Families (SAF)
Impact on Family, Employment, Income Impact on Family, Employment, Income and Housingand Housing (NHIS-Disability Supplement; SIPP; (NHIS-Disability Supplement; SIPP; SAF; Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)SAF; Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
National Survey ofSSI Children and Families
Using NSCF Data for External Using NSCF Data for External ResearchResearch
Pamela LoprestPamela LoprestThe Urban InstituteThe Urban Institute
Washington, DCWashington, DC
NSCF
Research on Children with Disabilities
Debate up to welfare reform around rationale Debate up to welfare reform around rationale of SSI payments for children, but lack of of SSI payments for children, but lack of researchresearch
Non-disability focused large survey data Non-disability focused large survey data sources lack sample size and disability sources lack sample size and disability informationinformation
Administrative/program data lack cross-Administrative/program data lack cross-program and family informationprogram and family information
NSCF
Research Questions on Rationale for SSI Payments to Children
Extent to which families face disability-Extent to which families face disability-related costsrelated costs
Need for income replacement for caregiversNeed for income replacement for caregivers
Can SSI payments help meet developmental Can SSI payments help meet developmental needs and therefore reduce future use of needs and therefore reduce future use of income support as adultsincome support as adults
NSCF
Additional Areas for Research
Transition to adulthood Transition to adulthood Unmet service needsUnmet service needs Multiple program participationMultiple program participation Effects on familyEffects on family
NSCF
Presentation Outline
How NSCF information can be used to How NSCF information can be used to address research questionsaddress research questions
Some general issues and caveats in using Some general issues and caveats in using the datathe data
NSCF
Disability-Related Expenditures
Level of out-of-pocket payments for a large Level of out-of-pocket payments for a large number of disability specific needs, including number of disability specific needs, including medicines, special diet, medical supplies, medicines, special diet, medical supplies, clothing, additional health premiums and clothing, additional health premiums and utility paymentsutility payments
Payments for health-related care givingPayments for health-related care giving Durable medical equipment expendituresDurable medical equipment expenditures Direct question on how SSI check spentDirect question on how SSI check spent
NSCF
SSI as Caregiver Income Replacement
To what extent are children on SSI receiving To what extent are children on SSI receiving care/health care by family members?care/health care by family members?
Receiving paid non-family care?Receiving paid non-family care? How do parental work patterns vary by How do parental work patterns vary by
child’s care needs?child’s care needs?
NSCF
Children with Disabilities’ Transition to Adulthood
Allows for study of 18 to 25 year oldsAllows for study of 18 to 25 year olds Document status: living arrangements, Document status: living arrangements,
benefit status, work/educationbenefit status, work/education Analyze connection between receipt of Analyze connection between receipt of
special education/training/vocational special education/training/vocational services and current statusservices and current status
Additional questions on education activities Additional questions on education activities for 14 to 17 year oldsfor 14 to 17 year olds
NSCF
Unmet Service Needs
Delays/lack of receipt of medical services Delays/lack of receipt of medical services and whyand why
Extent of use and need for services Extent of use and need for services Why not receiving needed servicesWhy not receiving needed services Whether on waiting list for specific servicesWhether on waiting list for specific services
NSCF
Multiple Program Participation
Questions on service receipt across Questions on service receipt across programsprograms
Information on receipt of special education Information on receipt of special education services, early intervention services, services, early intervention services, vocational rehabilitation services, vocational rehabilitation services, transportation servicestransportation services
Family receipt of other public assistanceFamily receipt of other public assistance
NSCF
Effects on Families
Questions on how a child with disability Questions on how a child with disability impacts family status/functioningimpacts family status/functioning
Severity/type of disability relates to family Severity/type of disability relates to family circumstancescircumstances– income, parental stress, material hardshipincome, parental stress, material hardship
NSCF
General Issues/Limitations of Research with NSCF
SSI children are not representative of all SSI children are not representative of all children with disabilitieschildren with disabilities
No families without children with disabilities No families without children with disabilities for direct comparisonsfor direct comparisons
No longitudinal information to make No longitudinal information to make inferences over timeinferences over time
NSCF
SSI Children Compared to all Children with Disabilities
Using a functional definition (NHIS-D data), Using a functional definition (NHIS-D data), 6 million children have disabilities, 4 million 6 million children have disabilities, 4 million under 200% povertyunder 200% poverty
SSI kids likely more severe disability and SSI kids likely more severe disability and poorerpoorer
Not all SSI eligibles receive benefitsNot all SSI eligibles receive benefits
NSCF
Using NSCF with other Survey Data
Comparisons of NSCF results to results for Comparisons of NSCF results to results for all children with disabilitiesall children with disabilities– extent to which SSI payments reduce need, extent to which SSI payments reduce need,
hardship, etc.hardship, etc.
Comparison of NSCF results to low-income Comparison of NSCF results to low-income families without a child with a disabilityfamilies without a child with a disability– for example, relative probability of parental for example, relative probability of parental
stress stress
NSCF
Difficulties in Using NSCF with other Survey Data
Interpretation of differences difficultInterpretation of differences difficult
– Differences in survey sample, Differences in survey sample, questions, and time frame limit questions, and time frame limit comparabilitycomparability
– Not just outcome comparisons, but need Not just outcome comparisons, but need similar controlssimilar controls
Similar results for sample of SSI kids in other Similar results for sample of SSI kids in other surveys may bolster credibility of surveys may bolster credibility of comparison to non-SSI samplescomparison to non-SSI samples
NSCF
Longitudinal Information
Some questions require information over Some questions require information over time, e.g. how past service use affects time, e.g. how past service use affects current health or economic statuscurrent health or economic status
Some longitudinal/history data availableSome longitudinal/history data available– Use of administrative data for benefit Use of administrative data for benefit
history, potentially earnings historyhistory, potentially earnings history
– Follow-up surveys provide additional Follow-up surveys provide additional informationinformation
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