8/10/2019 MORAL+REASONING
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/moralreasoning 1/13
Moral Reasoning
Theories on Moral Reasoning
Religion/Islamic Perspective
8/10/2019 MORAL+REASONING
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/moralreasoning 2/13
THINKING PROCESS
WHAT IS RIGHT /WRONG
DILEMMA
CONSEQUENCES
WEIGH IT
8/10/2019 MORAL+REASONING
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/moralreasoning 3/13
ECONOMIC
ETHICAL
4 COMPONENTS OF MR
MORAL SENSITIVITY MORAL JUDGEMENT
MORAL MOTIVATION
MORAL CHARACTER
8/10/2019 MORAL+REASONING
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/moralreasoning 4/13
CAN SEE AN ETHICAL DILEMMA
IF WE DO THIS HOW WILL IT AFFECCT
OTHERS?
8/10/2019 MORAL+REASONING
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/moralreasoning 5/13
GIVEN A SITUATION, ONE CAN JUDGE, REASON
CORRECTLY WHAT SHOULD BE DONE IN THE
SITUATION
8/10/2019 MORAL+REASONING
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/moralreasoning 6/13
PERSONAL COMMITMENT TO MORAL ACTION
ACCEPTING THE RESONSIBILITY FOR THE
OUTCOME
8/10/2019 MORAL+REASONING
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/moralreasoning 7/13
COURAGEOUS PERSISTENCE IN NOT TAKING
THE EASY WAY OUT
HOW DO WE DECIDE>MORAL DILEMMAUSE SOME KIND OF GUIDELINE:DIFFICULT
SITUATIONS WE MAY FACE IN OUR
LIVES/CAREERS
8/10/2019 MORAL+REASONING
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/moralreasoning 8/13
INFORMATIONAL ACCESS
YOU ACCESS A COLLEAGUE’S EMAIL AND FINDS
THAT YOUR COLLEAGUE HAS BEEN STEALING
COMPANY INFORMATION AND LEAKING IT TORIVALS
8/10/2019 MORAL+REASONING
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/moralreasoning 9/13
Proponents to classical utilitarianism: English
philosophers John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) and
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832).
Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethicsholding that the proper course of action is
the one that maximizes overall "happiness".
The moral worth of an action is determined
only by its resulting outcome.Criticism against utilitarianism??
8/10/2019 MORAL+REASONING
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/moralreasoning 10/13
How do one codify one’s personal
inclinations? There is no universal standards
of right and wrong!
Happiness cannot be measured or quantified. Impractical: we cannot calculate the effects
for all individuals (either because the large
number of individuals involved or because of
uncertainty). Insufficiency of scope: other values are not
considered, e.g. life, friendship and
knowledge
8/10/2019 MORAL+REASONING
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/moralreasoning 11/13
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804).
Good Will
One could act morally, and for this to be the
case we must be free. That there must be aGod and life after death, otherwise morality
would make no sense.
There are universal laws of morality
We should not break these laws because ofemotions
8/10/2019 MORAL+REASONING
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/moralreasoning 12/13
The tawheed concept, i.e. submit to the onenessof God.
Muslims are the khalifah (i.e. vicegerent) toAllah; all their activities are ultimatelyaccountable to Allah.
Believe in the life hereafter
All concerned parties within the organisation andits business operation should exercise andpromote basic Islamic values, such as:trustworthiness1, justice2 and transparency3.
Based on the Islamic revelation, for example, Qur’an (8: 27): “O ye who believe! Betraynot the trust of God and the Apostle, nor misappropriate knowingly things entrusted toyou.”
Based on the Islamic revelation, for example, Qur’an (49: 9): “Then make peace betweenthem with justice, and be fair: for Allah loves those who are fair (and just).”
Based on the Islamic revelation, for example, Qur’an (2: 282): “O you who believe! Whenye deal with each other, in transactions involving future obligations in a fixed period oftime, reduce them to writing. Let a scribe write down faithfully as between the parties.”
8/10/2019 MORAL+REASONING
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/moralreasoning 13/13
The Islamic concepts of adalah (socialjustice) and ihsan (beneficence) provide therationale for corporations to promote anethical and socially oriented method of
financing. Inappropriate for corporations to aim at
solely maximisation of profit.
Corporations should assume the duties and
liabilities of fulfilling the aims arising fromthe legal ownership of the shareholders;protecting the interests of otherstakeholders.
Top Related