Managing Oil and Natural Gas Emissions in Indian Country
National Tribal Forum May 2015
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Hydraulic Fracturing Process
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4Source: Adapted from American Gas Association and EPA Natural Gas STAR Program
Crude Oil to Refineries (not covered by these rules)
Production & Processing1. Drilling and Well Completion2. Producing Wells3. Gathering Lines4. Gathering and Boosting Stations5. Gas Processing Plant
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1
2
4
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10a 10
b
10c
10d
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Natural Gas Transmission & Storage6. Transmission Compressor Stations7. Transmission Pipeline8. Underground Storage
Distribution9. Distribution Mains10.Regulators and Meters for:
a. City Gateb. Large Volume Customersc. Residential Customersd. Commercial Customer
Natural gas systems encompass wells, gas gathering and processing facilities, storage, and transmission and distribution pipelines..
The Oil and Natural Gas Sector
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casinghead gas
storage tanks
Where are the emissions?
NOTE: Shaded boxes denote emission sources covered by EPA rules
gas-driven pneumatic
devices
produced water ponds
equipment leaks
Crude Oil Production
well completions
and recompletion
s
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upstream equipment leaks
well completions
and recompletions
Where are the emissions?
reciprocating compressor rod
packing
gas-driven pneumatic
devices
Natural Gas Production and
Processing
processing plant leaks
glycol dehydrators gas plant
sweetening and sulfur recovery
units
storage tanks
NOTE: Shaded boxes denote emission sources covered by EPA rules
produced water ponds
wet seal centrifugal compressors
gas well liquids unloading
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Wind River Reservation
Uintah and Ouray Reservation
Southern Ute ReservationUte Mountain Reservation
Navajo Nation Reservation
Jicarilla Apache Nation Reservation
Osage Reservation
Crow Reservation
Fort Berthold Reservation
Blackfeet Indian Reservation
Isabella Reservation
Alabama-Coushatta Reservation
Fort Peck Indian Reservation
Fort Belknap Reservation
Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation
Rocky Boy’s Indian Reservation
Oil and Natural Gas Wells in Indian Country
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Oil and Natural Gas Wells in Key Reservations in Indian Country
24,705 wells in Indian country, located in 11 states Represents about 2% of total wells in the U.S. (1.3M) Represents about 1 and 2 percent of national oil and natural
gas production, respectively Top seven reservations have 95% of those wells (23,589)
Reservation State Number of Wells Percent of Total Number of Wells in Indian Country
Uintah and Ouray Reservation Utah 10,161 41%
Osage Reservation Oklahoma 4,516 18%
Southern Ute Reservation Colorado 2,996 12%
Jicarilla Apache Nation Reservation
New Mexico 2,217 9%
Navajo Nation Reservation Arizona/New Mexico 2,089 8%
Fort Berthold Reservation North Dakota 954 4%
Wind River Reservation Wyoming 656 3%
List of Reservations, States and Number of Oil and Natural Gas Wells
Reservation States Number of Oil and Natural Gas
Wells
Percent of Total Wells
Alabama-Coushatta Reservation
Texas 110%
Blackfeet Indian Reservation
Montana 3691%
Crow Reservation Montana 65 0%Fort Belknap Reservation Montana 16 0%Fort Berthold Reservation
North Dakota 9544%
Fort Peck Indian Reservation
Montana 1331%
Isabella Reservation Michigan 204 1%Jicarilla Apache Nation Reservation
New Mexico 2,2179%
Navajo Nation Reservation
Arizona/New Mexico 2,0898%
Osage Reservation Oklahoma 4,516 18%Rocky Boy's Reservation Montana 63 0%Southern Ute Reservation
Colorado 2,99612%
Turtle Mountain Reservation
Montana/North Dakota/South Dakota
260%
Uintah and Ouray Reservation
Utah 10,16141%
Ute Mountain Reservation
New Mexico/Colorado/Utah
2291%
Wind River Reservation Wyoming 656 3%
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Emissions Sources from Production in Indian Country VOC and NOx emissions from at least 12 activities:
Crude Oil/Condensate Storage Tanks Pneumatic Devices Loading/unloading well pad storage tanks via tanker truck Gas-Actuated (Pneumatic) Pumps Associated Gas (venting/flaring of gas produced from oil wells) Dehydrators Fugitives Liquids Unloading (removing accumulated water from the wellbore) Well Completions Mud Degassing Produced Water SO2 removal Other
Same for other criteria pollutants we’re regulating Not addressing methane except for co-benefits
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*Monitor coverage indicates the existence of monitoring sites within Tribal land that are reporting data (as of July 2012) to EPA's Air Quality System and that collect the data using Federal Reference Method or equivalent.
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