Managing Oil and Natural Gas Emissions in Indian Country

National Tribal Forum May 2015

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Hydraulic Fracturing Process

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4Source: Adapted from American Gas Association and EPA Natural Gas STAR Program

Crude Oil to Refineries (not covered by these rules)

Production & Processing1. Drilling and Well Completion2. Producing Wells3. Gathering Lines4. Gathering and Boosting Stations5. Gas Processing Plant

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1

2

4

5

6

7

8

10a 10

b

10c

10d

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Natural Gas Transmission & Storage6. Transmission Compressor Stations7. Transmission Pipeline8. Underground Storage

Distribution9. Distribution Mains10.Regulators and Meters for:

a. City Gateb. Large Volume Customersc. Residential Customersd. Commercial Customer

Natural gas systems encompass wells, gas gathering and processing facilities, storage, and transmission and distribution pipelines..

The Oil and Natural Gas Sector

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casinghead gas

storage tanks

Where are the emissions?

NOTE: Shaded boxes denote emission sources covered by EPA rules

gas-driven pneumatic

devices

produced water ponds

equipment leaks

Crude Oil Production

well completions

and recompletion

s

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upstream equipment leaks

well completions

and recompletions

Where are the emissions?

reciprocating compressor rod

packing

gas-driven pneumatic

devices

Natural Gas Production and

Processing

processing plant leaks

glycol dehydrators gas plant

sweetening and sulfur recovery

units

storage tanks

NOTE: Shaded boxes denote emission sources covered by EPA rules

produced water ponds

wet seal centrifugal compressors

gas well liquids unloading

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Wind River Reservation

Uintah and Ouray Reservation

Southern Ute ReservationUte Mountain Reservation

Navajo Nation Reservation

Jicarilla Apache Nation Reservation

Osage Reservation

Crow Reservation

Fort Berthold Reservation

Blackfeet Indian Reservation

Isabella Reservation

Alabama-Coushatta Reservation

Fort Peck Indian Reservation

Fort Belknap Reservation

Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation

Rocky Boy’s Indian Reservation

Oil and Natural Gas Wells in Indian Country

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Oil and Natural Gas Wells in Key Reservations in Indian Country

24,705 wells in Indian country, located in 11 states Represents about 2% of total wells in the U.S. (1.3M) Represents about 1 and 2 percent of national oil and natural

gas production, respectively Top seven reservations have 95% of those wells (23,589)

Reservation State Number of Wells Percent of Total Number of Wells in Indian Country

Uintah and Ouray Reservation Utah 10,161 41%

Osage Reservation Oklahoma 4,516 18%

Southern Ute Reservation Colorado 2,996 12%

Jicarilla Apache Nation Reservation

New Mexico 2,217 9%

Navajo Nation Reservation Arizona/New Mexico 2,089 8%

Fort Berthold Reservation North Dakota 954 4%

Wind River Reservation Wyoming 656 3%

List of Reservations, States and Number of Oil and Natural Gas Wells

Reservation States Number of Oil and Natural Gas

Wells

Percent of Total Wells

Alabama-Coushatta Reservation

Texas 110%

Blackfeet Indian Reservation

Montana 3691%

Crow Reservation Montana 65 0%Fort Belknap Reservation Montana 16 0%Fort Berthold Reservation

North Dakota 9544%

Fort Peck Indian Reservation

Montana 1331%

Isabella Reservation Michigan 204 1%Jicarilla Apache Nation Reservation

New Mexico 2,2179%

Navajo Nation Reservation

Arizona/New Mexico 2,0898%

Osage Reservation Oklahoma 4,516 18%Rocky Boy's Reservation Montana 63 0%Southern Ute Reservation

Colorado 2,99612%

Turtle Mountain Reservation

Montana/North Dakota/South Dakota

260%

Uintah and Ouray Reservation

Utah 10,16141%

Ute Mountain Reservation

New Mexico/Colorado/Utah

2291%

Wind River Reservation Wyoming 656 3%

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Emissions Sources from Production in Indian Country VOC and NOx emissions from at least 12 activities:

Crude Oil/Condensate Storage Tanks Pneumatic Devices Loading/unloading well pad storage tanks via tanker truck Gas-Actuated (Pneumatic) Pumps Associated Gas (venting/flaring of gas produced from oil wells) Dehydrators Fugitives Liquids Unloading (removing accumulated water from the wellbore) Well Completions Mud Degassing Produced Water SO2 removal Other

Same for other criteria pollutants we’re regulating Not addressing methane except for co-benefits

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*Monitor coverage indicates the existence of monitoring sites within Tribal land that are reporting data (as of July 2012) to EPA's Air Quality System and that collect the data using Federal Reference Method or equivalent.

*