➔ Explain that genes are regions in the dna that code for proteins, which carry out the essential functions of life.

➔ Explain that different classes of proteins regulate and carry out the essential functions of life.

HS LS 1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structure and Processes

It’s All About Proteins Rachel Barrows

Word Reference

Bank

➔ gene ◆ What controls the character traits

of offspring

➔ protein ◆ An organic compound that

functions as an enzyme, hormone and as the structural base that creates life

➔ amino acid ◆ A substance that makes up

proteins, the building blocks of building blocks

➔ translation ◆ Genetic code to protein codes

➔ transcription◆ DNA copying itself then splitting

allowing for protein synthesis

➔ protein synthesis ◆ How protein is made

GENES➔ Genes control all the different

character traits any offspring will have.

➔ Genes make proteins through two different process, transcription and translation

TRANSLATION“The process of translating word from one language into another.”

“The process of translating word genes from one language code into another.”

INTOGene Codes Protein Codes

TRANSCRIPTION“make an exact copy”

Gene copies itself

Doubled Gene splits in half INTO CREATES

A stage for Protein Synthesis

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Amino Acids

Synthesis

means “to

make”

Amino

Acids

Amino

Acids Amino Acids Protein

s

STRUCTURE

➔ Structural proteins provide support for the cells.

➔ Prevents cells from collapsing and caving in on themselves.

DEFENSIVE or ANTIBODIES

➔ protect us against diseases through antibodies

➔ Antibodies deactivate or destroy harmful diseases to the body

HORMONES

➔ Sends signals between cells

➔ Signals coordinate biological functions between cells, tissues and organs.

ENZYMES➔ Speed up reactions ➔ Attaches to the substrate and uses its own

energy to speed up the reaction

Words to Remember

➔ gene ◆ What controls the character traits

of offspring

➔ protein ◆ An organic compound that

functions as an enzyme, hormone and as the structural base that creates life

➔ amino acid ◆ A substance that makes up

proteins, the building blocks of building blocks

➔ translation ◆ Genetic code to protein codes

➔ transcription◆ DNA copying itself then splitting

allowing for protein synthesis

➔ protein synthesis ◆ How protein is made