( ) : . 2009
( ). ( ) : .
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1837 Samuel Morse : Sir William Cooke Sir Charles Wheatstone . . .
1858 1866 . . .
1862 Lincoln . .
1861 Johan Philip Reis Alexander Graham Bell 1876 Thomas Watson . : .
1900 . . . 1939 . 25 . .
. . : .
Fax . . The Vacuum Tubes. 1907 Lee De Forest Amplifying Triode Tube
. .
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: . . . .
. Sheilded Coaxial Twisted.
Open Wire Single Wire 4 . .
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable . UTP . . .
EIA/TIA (Electronic Industry Association/Telecommunication Industry Association) 6
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable UTP . STP . .
: . . .
. . 10Base2 Thinnet 10Base5 Thicknet 185 500 . .
- - . . . . .
: (Core): (fiber) . (Cladding): .
(Buffer Coating): , . Jacket PVC
(Single-Mode Fiber). 9 , 1300 1550 . (Multi-Mode Fiber). 62.5 , 850 1300 (Light Emitting Diodes LED).
. . .