( ) : . 2009

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1837 Samuel Morse : Sir William Cooke Sir Charles Wheatstone . . .

1858 1866 . . .

1862 Lincoln . .

1861 Johan Philip Reis Alexander Graham Bell 1876 Thomas Watson . : .

1900 . . . 1939 . 25 . .

. . : .

Fax . . The Vacuum Tubes. 1907 Lee De Forest Amplifying Triode Tube

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: . . . .

. Sheilded Coaxial Twisted.

Open Wire Single Wire 4 . .

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable . UTP . . .

EIA/TIA (Electronic Industry Association/Telecommunication Industry Association) 6

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable UTP . STP . .

: . . .

. . 10Base2 Thinnet 10Base5 Thicknet 185 500 . .

- - . . . . .

: (Core): (fiber) . (Cladding): .

(Buffer Coating): , . Jacket PVC

(Single-Mode Fiber). 9 , 1300 1550 . (Multi-Mode Fiber). 62.5 , 850 1300 (Light Emitting Diodes LED).

. . .