Download - Gita's Sthita Prajna Darshan(In Malayalam).pdf

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KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w

(ap‡nbnte°p≈ t\¿hgn)

kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn

hnh¿ØI≥: Fkv.hn. DÆnIrjvW≥

kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn kZvKpcp `‡-k-anXn

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

GITAYILE STHITA PRAJNA DARSANAM

Swami Shantananda Puri

Publisher : Swami Santananda PuriSadguru Bhaktasamiti,Thiruvananthapuram

First Edition : July 2008

DTP Composing & Printing : Akshara OffsetVanchiyoorThiruvananthapuram - 695 035Phone: 0471 - 2471174

KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w

kzman im¥m\-μ-]pcn

{]kn-≤o-I-cWw : kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn

kZvKpcp ̀ ‡-k-an-Xn

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

BZy-]-Xn∏v : 2008 Pqembv

Un.-‰n.-]n. Itºm-knßpw

A®-Snbpw : A£c Hm v̂sk‰v

h©n-bq¿

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ̨ 695 035

t^m¨: 0471 ˛ 2471174

Hmw

ka¿∏Ww

Cu {KŸw AXym-Z-c-]q¿Δw Fs‚ BZ-c-

Wo-b-\mb Kpcp {io ]pcp-tjm-Ø-am-\μ

kzman-I-fpsS (hkn-jvT-Kpl, lnam-ebw)

NcW]Zva-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-°p∂p. Ahn-

SpsØ A\-¥-amb Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-an-√msX

Fs‚ Nn¥-Iƒ°v cq]w sImSpØv Ahsb

Cu {KŸ-Øns‚ cq]-Øn-em°n temI

-am-k-I-e-ap≈ A[ym-fl-km-[-I¿°p apºn¬

ka¿∏n-°m≥ km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√.

˛ kzman im¥m\μ]pcn

AhXmcnI

A[ym-fl-im-kv{X-Øns‚ F√m hi-ßfpw Dƒ

s°m-≈p∂ G‰hpw \√ eLp-Ir-Xn-bmWv {ioaZv `K-hZv

KoX. AXnepw, c≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ ]Xn-s\´p t«mI-ß-

fn-embn hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ ÿnX-{]-⁄-e-£-W-ßƒ,

Ghcp-tSbpw ]c-a-e£yamb Bfl-km-£m¬°m-c-Øn\p-

th≠ km[\-bpsS ]q¿Æ-kmcw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p.

"ÿnX-{]-⁄≥' F∂ hm°n¬Øs∂, I¿Ωw,

tbmKw, ⁄m\w, `‡n F∂n-ßs\ am¿§-ta-Xm-bmepw,

]c-a-amb B\μw ssIh-cp-∂-Xn-\p≈ {][m\ km[\

Dƒs°m-≠n-cn -°p∂p. B hm°ns‚ kmam-\y-amb

A¿∞w \n›--e-amb, AN-©-e-amb a\ v ({]⁄) D≈

Hcp-h≥ F∂mWv. F√m km[-\-I-fp-tSbpw A¥n-a-amb

Dt±iw a\- ns\ kwb-a\w sNbvXv \n›-e-am-°p-I-bmWv

˛ AXm-bXv, "at\m-\miw' ssIh-cp-ØpI. "NnØ-hr-Øn

\ntcm[w' F∂mWv "tbmK' Øns‚ \n¿h-N\w. a\- mWv

sshhn-[y-Øns‚ Cu ambnI-tem-IsØ krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-

∂Xv; Pm{K-Z-hÿ F∂p ]dbp-∂Xpw Cu kz]v\ \mSI-

Øns‚ Hcp `mKw Xs∂. temIw apgp-h≥ Hcp "Nn¥'

bmWv. a\- n¬ \n∂v Nn¥-I-sf-sb√mw AI-‰n-bm¬ Cu

kz]v\\mSIw A{]-Xy-£-amhpw ˛ kz]v\w ImWp∂

\nßƒ am{Xw Ah-ti-jn°pw.

Cu temI-Nn-¥-Iƒs°√mw ASn-ÿm\w ]q¿Δ-

kwkvIm-c -ßƒ (hmk-\-Iƒ) BWv. hmk-\-Iƒ

ASn™p-Iq-Sp-∂Xv B{Klt{]cn-X-ambn I¿Ω-ßƒ

Bh¿Øn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv. ÿnX-{]-⁄s\ hnh-cn-

°p-∂-Xn-eqsS KoX \ap°v hmk-\-Isf, Fs¥-¶nepw

I¿Ωw sNbvXp -sIm -≠n -cn -°m -\p≈ t{]c -Wsb

AI‰m\pw, Aßs\ Cu alm-tam-l-Øn¬ \n∂v ap‡-

cm-hm\pw D≈ hgn-Iƒ ImWn®p-X-cp∂p. Ipd®v ITn-\-

{]-bXv\w Bhiy-amb GsX-¶nepw km[\ As√-¶n¬

{]h¿Ø-\-am¿§w \ap°p ]d™pX∂m¬ \mw DSs\

Hcp Hgn-Ignhv ]d-bp-I-bmbn: ‘CsXms° F\n-s°-ßs\

sNøm≥ Ignbpw? kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-tfbpw Pb-]-cm-P-b-ß-

tfbpw Hcpt]mse Icp-Xm\pw ka-ZrjvSn ]pe¿Øm\pw

F√mw hfsc hnjaw! cma-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k≥, `K-hm≥

ca-W-a-l¿jn F∂n-ßs\ Zp¿e`w B¿s°-¶nepw

Aßs\ sNøm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cn°pw.’ \ap-°m¿°pw

Akm-[y-ambn H∂p-an√. \ΩpsS \ntj-[m-flI Nn¥-

bmWv G‰hpw henb am\-knI XS- -ambn hgn-bn¬

\nev°p-∂Xv. \sΩ _‘n-®Xpw a\ v; _‘-\-ap-‡-

cm°m≥ Ign-hp-≈Xpw a\ v. Bflm¿∞X, hnizmkw,

\nc-¥c ]cn-{i-a-Øn-\p-Xmßmbn ZrV-\n-›bw ˛ Ch

\sΩ Xo¿®-bmbpw e£yØn-se-Øn°pw. Cu ÿnX

{]⁄ e£-W-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ t«mI-ßƒ

lrZn-ÿ-am°n CS-bv°nsS sNm√p-∂Xp sIm≠p Xs∂

Hcp \mƒ AXv {]mtbm-KnIam°m≥ \ap°v t{]c-W-bp-

≠mhpw.*

C\n ]pkvX-I-ß-sfm∂pw Fgp-Xn-s√∂v Rm≥ ]t≠

Xo¿®-bm-°n-bn-cp∂p. Fs‚ ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw

{]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn\p ]n∂nse "kq{X-[mc'\mb {io

Un.F≥. B\μv (_mw•q¿) Hcp Znhkw F\n°v t^m¨

sNbvXv "ÿnX-{]⁄'s\∏‰n Rm≥ Fgp-X-W-sa∂

\n¿t±iw ap∂n¬ sh®p. AsX-\n°pw t_m[n®p.

B¥c-amb BtZ-ihpw F\n°p In´n. ASpØ Znhkw

Xs∂ Rm\n-sX-gp-Xn-Øp-Sßn. At±-l-Øn\v Fs‚

A\p{K-l-ßƒ.

_mw•q-cnse HmwIm¿ Hm^vsk‰v {]nt‚-gvknse

{io sh¶-tSiv _m_p-hn-t\mSpw Fs‚ IrX-⁄X

{]Imin-∏n-t°-≠-Xp≠v. CXn-t\-°mƒ ]e-a-Sßv em`-Ic-

amb ]e tPmen-Iƒ e`n-®n´pw, At±lw Ft∏mgpw

Bflm¿∞-X-tbmSpw kvt\l-tØmSpw ̀ ‡n-tbmSpw IqSn,

Fs‚ ssII-fn¬ \n∂p- h-cp∂ Cu IrXn-Isf, G‰hpw

\√ IS-em- p-]-tbm-Kn®v, `wKn-bmbn Ih¿t]-Pp≠m°n,

ap≥K-W\ \evIn A®-Sn®v ka-b-Øn\p Xøm-dm-°m≥

kZbw {]h¿Øn-®n-´p≠v.

k¿tΔ-iz-c≥ \sΩ-sb√mw A\p-{K-ln-°s´!

kt{]aw lcn Hmw.

˛ kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn

viivi

* Km‘nPnbpsS B{iaØn¬ k‘ymkabsØ {]m¿∞\bpsS

Hcp ̀ mKambncp∂p Cu t«mIßƒ ̨ hnh¿ØI≥

{KŸI¿Ømhns\∏‰n

im¥m almt¥m \nh-k¥n k¥x

hk-¥-h-t√m-I-lnXw Nc¥x

Xo¿Wmx kzbw `oa-`-hm¿Whw P\m≥

Atl-Xp-\m-\ym-\]n Xmc-b¥x

(hnth-I-Nq-Um-aWn˛39)

‘im¥cpw {_“-⁄cpw `b-¶-c -amb kwkm-c -

k-ap-{ZsØ kzbw XcWw sNbvX-hcpw, X\n-°mbn

bmsXmcp {]tbm-P-\hpw C—n-°msX a‰p-≈-h-tcbpw

IcI-b-‰p-∂-hcpw, hk-¥-EXp t]mse BfpIƒ°v

lnXw sNøp-∂-hcpw Bb k÷-\-ß-fp≠v.’

BNm-cy-kzm-an-Iƒ ]pI-gvØp∂ CØcw alm-flm-

°-fn¬ Hcm-fmWv ]qP-\ob {io im¥m-\-μ-]pcn kzman-

Iƒ. 1928˛-¬ Xan-gv\m-´n¬ P\n® kzman-Iƒ°v _meyw

apX¬ Xs∂ k’w-K-Øn-\p≈ ku`m-Kyhpw AXn¬

A`n-cp -Nn-bp-ap -≠mbn. \mep-h-b- p-≈-t∏mƒØs∂

Im©n-bnse ]c-am-Nm-cy-cpsS A\p-{Klw t\Sm≥ At±l-

Øn\p `mKy-ap-≠mbn. A∂p-ap-X-ep-≠mb k’w-K-amWv

Xs‚ F√m A`yp-Z-b-Øn\pw A[ymfl ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw

ImcWw F∂v At±lw ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°p∂p. ]c-am-

Nm-cy-cpsS A\p-{Klw At±-l-Øn-s\-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p.

]Xn-∂mep hb- p-≈-t∏mƒ Hcp amk-°mew At±-l-

Øn\v ]c-am-Nm-cy-cpsS IqsS ]Z-bm{X sNøp-∂-Xn\pw

ix

\nc-¥cw B k’wKw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn\pw `mKy-

ap≠mbn. ]c-am-Nm-cy-cpsS [¿Ω-{]-h-N-\-ßƒ At±-l-

Øn\v Fs∂∂pw {]tNm-Z-\-taIn. ]c-am-Nm-cy-cpsS \n¿t±

i-a-\p-k-cn®v At±lw enwK-]p-cm-W-Ønse inh-k-l-{k-

\maw A¿∞-tØm-Sp-IqSn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Pn⁄m-

kp-°ƒ°p-th≠n kwkvIrXw ¢mkp-Iƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

1950 -̨¬, 22 hb- n¬, At±lw tI{μ Kh¨sa‚ns‚

k¿Δo-kn¬ tN¿∂p. aod-‰n-em-bn-cp∂p BZysØ tPmen.

AhnsS sh®v "{iocm-a-IrjvW hN-\m-arXw'' hmbn®v

{iocm-a-Ir-jvWs‚ Pohn-X-Ømepw D]-tZ-i-ßfmepw

BIr-jvS-\mbn. temI-Ønse G‰hpw al-Ømb {KŸ-

am-W-sX∂v At±lw Icp-Xp∂p. ]n∂oSv Ejo-tI-isØ

inhm\-μ-kzm-an-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm≥ CS-bmbn. Hgnhp

In´p-tºm-sf√mw At±-l-Øns‚ B{i-a-Øn¬ t]mbn-

ØpSßn. At±lw kzman-Iƒ°v k∂ymkw sImSp-°m≥

Xøm-dm-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw IpSpw_ I¿Ø-hy-ßƒ aqew

At±lw A∂Xv kzoI-cn-®n√. {iocm-a-IrjvW ]c-º-c

bn¬s]´ Hcp alm-flm-hm-bn-cn-°Ww Xs‚ Kpcp F∂v

At±lw B{K-ln®p. 1952˛-¬ Aßs\ Hcp alm-flmhpw,

{iocm-a-Ir-jvW-tZ-hs‚ am\-k-]p-{X-\mb {io {_“m-\μ-

kzm-an-I-fpsS injy-\p-amb, hkn-jvT-Kp-l-bnse {io

]pcp-tjm-Ø-am-\μ kzman-I-sf-∏‰n Adn-bm≥ CS-h-∂p-

sh¶nepw 1957˛-emWv BZy-ambn Kpl-bn¬ t]mbn At±-

lsØ Z¿in-®Xv. Xs‚ h’-e-in-jys\ ImØn-cn-°p-I-

bm-bn-cp∂p Kpcp F∂p tXm∂n. kZm kl-P-k-am-[n-bn¬

apgp-In-bn-cp∂ At±lw kzman-Iƒ°v ]c-am-Z¿i-ambn

`hn®p. As°m√w Xs‚ P∑-Zn-\m-tLm-j-Øns‚ Ah

k-c-Øn¬ B{i-a-Øn¬ h∂v `mK-hXw hmbn®v A¿∞w

]d-b-W-sa∂v At±lw \n¿t±-in®p. AXp-hsc ̀ mKhXw

hmbn-®n-´p-X-s∂-bn-√m-bn-cp∂ kzman-Iƒ°v A∂p-ap-X¬

`mK-hXw Pohn-X-Ønse Hcm-Z¿i Zo]-ambn. Cu hmb\

ASp-Ø-Imew hsc XpS¿∂p h∂p.

1959˛-¬, bmsXmcp NSßpw IqSmsX, Xosc A{]-Xo-

£n-X-ambn ]pcp-tjm-Ø-am-\μ kzman-Iƒ At±-l-Øn\v

a{¥w \evIn. AXn-\p-tijw A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX

k\ym-k-Zo-£bpw e`n-°p-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p {]Xo£.

F∂m¬, AXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn, injy\v Nne Krlÿ

kwkvIm-c-ßƒ _m°n-bm-bp≠v, hnhmlw Ign-°pI

F∂m-bn-cp∂p Kpcp-\n¿t±iw. CXv At±-lsØ BsI

Xf¿Øn. "\osb-¥n\p hnj-an-°p∂p? Hcp Znhkw

\n\-°Xpw In´pw' F∂v DS-s\-Øs∂ Kpcp Acp-fn-

s®bvXp. F∂m¬, B ]pWy-Zn\w hcm≥ 32 sIm√w

ImØn-cn-t°≠n h∂p.

Kpcp -\n¿t±-i-{]-Imcw {KŸ-I¿Ømhv 1960 -˛¬

hnhmlw Ign®p. hnhmlw ]p{X-em-`-Øn\p am{X-am-bn-cn-

°Ww, kpJ-t`m-K-ßƒ°m-h-cpXv F∂v Kpcp \n¿t±-in-®n-

cp∂p. 1961 s^{_p-h-cn-bn¬ Kpcp-tZ-h≥ alm-k-am-[n-b-

S™p. F∂m¬, AXn-\p-ti-jhpw injy\v Bh-iy-ap-≈-

t∏m-sgms° At±lw km[-\-s°∂p am{X-a√, Pohn-X-

Ønse alm-{]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠

\n¿t±-i-ßƒ \evIn-s°m-≠n-cp∂p. Kpcp-Ir-]-bmWv Xs∂

F√m hn[-Ønepw c£n-°p-Ibpw km[-\m-am¿§-Øn¬

apt∂m´p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvX-sX∂v kzman-Iƒ

x xi

Xs‚ Bfl-I-Ym-]-c-amb Fragrant flowers F∂ {KŸ-

Øn¬ Bh¿Øn®p ]d-bp∂p.

1986˛-¬ kzman-Iƒ k¿°m¿ tPmen-bn¬ \n∂p

hnc-an®p. AXn-\p-ap-ºp-Xs∂ {Ia-ambn km[-\-b-\p-jvTn-

®n-cp∂ At±lw tPmen-bn¬ \n∂p hncan®-tijw

Xo{hamb km[-\-bn¬ apgpIn. 1991-˛¬ At±-l-Øns‚

]q¿hm-{i-a-Ønse ]p{X≥ sF.sF.Snbn¬ A¥y-h¿j-

Øn-seØn. k\ym-k-Øn-\p≈ ka-b-am-sb∂v At±-l-

Øns‚ A¥-cyman ]d™p. At±-l-Øn\v A∂v 63

hb- m-bn-cp∂p. 1991 PqWn¬ At±lw hoSp-hn´v, DØ-c-

Im-in-bn¬ Xs‚ Kpcp-{`m-Xm-hmb kzman i¶-cm-\-μ-

PnbpsS ASp-tØ°v t]mbn. 1992 s^{_p-h-cn-bn¬

inhcm{Xn Znhkw At±lw k\ymkw kzoI-cn®p. kzman

im¥m-\-μ-]pcn F∂m-bn-cp∂p ]pXnb \mat[bw.

k\ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw {]iv\-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√msX

HcnS-Øn-cp∂v km[\ sNømw F∂ {]Xo£ Kpcp-tZ-h≥

XI¿Øp. Ggp-sIm√w ]cn-{hm-PI PohnXw \bn-°m≥

At±lw kzman-Iƒ°v Hcp Znhkw [ym\-Øn¬ \n¿t±iw

\¬In. Aßs\ kzman-Iƒ `mcX-Ønse ]e ]pWy-

ÿe-ßfpw B{i-a-ßfpw kμ¿in®p. 1992-˛¬ lcn-Zzmc

Øp-sh®p \S∂ Ipw`-ta-f-bnepw At±lw ]s¶SpØp.

]cn{hP\ImeØv DS-\ofw Kpcp-tZ-hs‚ klmb-lkvXw

At±-l-tØm-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. C°m-eØv ]e alm-

flm-°-sfbpw At±l-Øn\v Z¿in-°m≥ Ah-kcw In´n.

kzman-Iƒ°v Ct∏mƒ 80 hb- p-I-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p.

At\Iw al-Zv{K-Ÿ-ßƒ C°m-e-Øn-\nSbv°v At±l

Øns‚ ssIIfn¬ \n∂v \ap°v e`n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.

{ioaZv `mK-hXw, KoX, A[ym-fl-cm-am-bWw, {Xn]p-cm-

clkyw, tbmK-hm-knjvTw, AjvSm-h-{I-KoX F∂o alZv

{K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS kmcw sNdnb {KŸ-ß-fmbn At±lw

FgpXn-bn-´p≠v. Ah-bv°p-]p-dta, apºp ]d™ Xs‚

Bfl-I-Ym-]-c-amb {KŸw, {]tNm-Z-I-ß-fmb IY-Iƒ,

km[-I-∑m-cpsS kwi-b-\n-hm-c-W-Øn-\p≈ D]-tZ-i-ßƒ

F∂n-h-bp-ap≠v. C°m-eØv At±lw sIm√-Øn¬

NmXp¿am-ky-apƒs∏sS A©p-amkw Xncp-h-Æm-ae-bnse

{ioc-a-Wm-{i-a-Ønepw c≠p-amkw hkn-jvT-Kpl-bnepw

_m°n amk-ßƒ ]cn-{h-P-\-Øn-ep-ambn Nne-h-gn-°p∂p.

thW-sa-¶n¬, At\Iw injycpw `‡-cp-ap≈ At±-l-

Øn\v B{iaw ÿm]n®v aTm-[n -]-Xn -bmbn henb

coXnbn¬ Ignbmw. F∂m¬, Xs‚ Bh-iy-Øn¬

Ihn™v H∂pw kzoI-cn-°msX efn-X-ambn, ip≤-amb

k\ym-k-[¿Ωw Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xnepw

\nc-¥cw Cuiz-c-Nn¥ sNøp-∂-Xn-ep-amWv At±-l-Øns‚

{i≤. At±-l-Øns‚ {KŸ-ß-sf√mw B Db¿∂

B[ymfln-I-Xbv°p km£yw hln-°p-∂-h-bmWv. Cu

alm-flmhv Zo¿L-Imew \sΩ-sb√mw A\p-{K-ln-®p-

sIm≠v \ΩpsS IqsS-bp-≠m-hs´ F∂p {]m¿∞n-°p∂p.

Fkv.hn. DÆn-°r-jvW≥

xii xiii

{]km[I Ipdn∏v

htμ Kpcp-]-c-ºcmw

{io im¥m-\-μ-]pcn kzman-Pn-bpsS "KoX-bnse ÿnX-

{]-⁄-Z¿i\w' F∂ {KŸ-Øns‚ ae-bmf ]cn-`mj

{]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ ku`mKyw kan-Xn°v ssIh-∂n-

cn-°p∂p. AXn-\p≈ A\p-hmZw I\n™p \¬Inb

{io kzmanPn alm-cm-Pn\v kmZc {]Wmaw A¿∏n-°p∂p.

AXy¥w kmc-h-Ømb Cu eLp-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚

kc-fhpw at\m-l-c-hp-amb ae-bmf ]cn-̀ mj \n¿Δ-ln-®Xv

{io. Fkv.hn. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ Ah¿I-fmWv. 1963-˛¬

'Indian Audit & Accounts Service' tkh-\-Øn¬

{]thin® {io. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ AUn-j-W¬ sU]yq´n

I¨t{Sm-f¿ & BUn-‰¿ P\-d¬ ]Z-hn-bn¬ \n∂mWv

hnc-an-®Xv. {iocm-a-Ir-jvW-tZ-hs‚ `‡-\mb {io. DÆn-

Ir -jvW≥ thZm-¥-]-c -amb At\Iw teJ-\-ßƒ

"{]_p≤-tI-cfw', "thZm-¥tI-kcn' F∂o B\p-Im-en-I-

ß-fn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p≠v. cma-Ir-jvWaTw, Xriq¿

{]kn-≤o-I-cn® At±-l-Øns‚ 'A manual of holy life'Imtem-Nn-X-amb Hcp {KŸ-amWv. {io. Pn. _me-Ir-jvW≥

\mb¿ Ah¿I-fpsS `K-h-ZvKo-X-bpsS "inhm-c-hnμw˛

alm-`mjyw' Cw•ojv `mj-bn¬ aqe-Ir-Xn-bpsS `mhw

]q¿Æ-ambn Dƒs°m≠v kcf-ambn ]cn-̀ mj-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv

xiv xv

At±-l-Øns‚ as‰mcp hne-s∏´ kw`m-h\-bmWv. {io

imc-Zm-tZ-hn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ "amXr-Xz-Øns‚ al-\ob

amXrI', kzman bXo-iz-cm-\-μ-bpsS {KŸ-Øns‚ ]cn-

`mj-bmb "A[ym-fl-Po-hnXw' F∂nh cma-IrjvWaTw,

Xriq¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p≠v. At±-l-tØm-Sp≈ AssI-

X-h-amb \μn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.

Rß-fpsS F√m kwcw-̀ -ß-sfbpw A\p-{K-ln-®n-́ p≈

{io kzman ssNX-\y-m\μ ˛ hkn-jvT-Kpl, hne-tb-dnb

\n¿tZi klm-b-ßƒ \¬Inb tUm. hn.Fkv. i¿a ˛

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw, {io. Un.F≥. B\μv ˛ _mw•q¿ F∂n-

h¿°pw \μn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.

Cu ]Xn∏v `wKn -bmbn A®-Sn®v Xøm-dm-°nb

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw A£c Hm^vsk‰v Poh-\-°m¿°pw,

amt\-Pvsa‚n-\p-ap≈ \μn {]Im-in-∏n-°p∂p.

kZvKpcp ]mZ-I-a-e-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-°p∂p.

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw {]km-[-I¿

18 Pqembv, 2008 kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn

Kpcp-]q¿Wna kZvKpcp `‡-k-anXn

Hmw

KoX-bnse ÿnX-{]-⁄-Z¿i\w

Zpx J-kv]¿i-an-√mØ ÿnc-amb B\-μ-amWv F√m

Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw Pohn-tXm-t±iw. Hcp]t£, acW-

am-bn-cn°pw F√m-‰nepw henb ZpxJw; P\n-®-sX√mw

acn-°p∂p, adn®pw kw`-hn-°p∂p. AXp-sIm≠v, A\n

hm-cy-amb P\\˛acWN{I-Øn¬ \n∂v hnSpXn t\Sn

AacXzw t\Sp-Ibpw \ΩpsS kpJm-t\z-j-W-Øns‚

`mKamWv. \ΩpsS ZpxJhpw ÿnc-ambn B\μw A\p-`-

hn-°m-\p≈ Ign-hn-√m-bvabpw F√mw \mw hmkvX-h-Øn¬

Bcm-sW-∂-dn-bm-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv, AXm-bXv, kzcq-]-

⁄m\w C√m-Ø-Xp -sIm -≠mWv F∂pw, X∑qew

Ime˛tZi ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°[o-\-cmb hyjvSnPoh-∑m-cm-

sW∂v hniz -kn -°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-sW∂pw \ΩpsS

imkv{X-ßfpw Ah-bn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb thZm-¥-Z¿i-

\hpw Dd-∏n®p ]d-bp∂p. Cu A⁄m-\sØ am‰n ]c-a-

kXyw sXfn-bn®v \ΩpsS e£y-{]m]vXn km[y-am-°p-

∂-Xn-∂mbn hnhn[ Zm¿i-\nI k{º-Zm-b-ßƒ ⁄m\-

tbmKw, `‡n-tbmKw XpS-ßnb km[\m-am¿§-ßƒ

\n¿t±-in-®n-´p≠v. Cu km[-\-I-sf√mw kXysØ Bh-

cWw sNøp∂ ad-b-I-‰p-∂-Xn-\mWv. \ΩpsS kzcq-]-

KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w

km£m¬°m-c-Øns‚ hgn-bn-ep≈ XS -ß-fmWv Cu

ad. Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw Ftßm \n∂v {]m]n-t°≠

H∂√; AXn-s∏mtg kn≤-amWv ˛ \mw AX-dn-bp-∂n√

F∂p am{Xw. A[ym-fl-e£yw {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \mw

A\p-jvTn-°p∂ km[-\-Ifpw tbmK-am¿§hpw GXm-bmepw

\ΩpsS ]cn-{iaw CS-hn-Sm-ØXpw ÿnchpw Bbn-cn-

°Ww. N©-e-a-\-kvI-\mb Hcmƒ°v kXy-h-kvXp-hn¬

a\- ns\ GIm-{K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km[n-°n√. Abmƒ

Ipd®p Znhkw `‡n-tbmKw A\p-jvTn-t®°mw; ]ns∂

AjvSmw-K-tbm-K-amhpw A\p-jvTn-°p-∂Xv. As√-¶n¬,

Ipd®p-\mƒ hnjvWp-̀ -K-hms\ ̀ Pn-®-tijw ]ns∂ Ipd®p-

Zn-hkw tIhe \n¿KpW {_“-sØ-bmhpw [ym\n-°p-

∂Xv. Ch¿ Xß-fpsS Xocp-am\w CS-bv°nsS am‰n

H∂nepw Dd-®p-\n-ev°m-Ø-h-cm-hp∂p.

ÿnX-{]-⁄≥

kp\n-›n-Xhpw ÿnchpw ZrV-hp-amb a\- p≈

HcmfmWv ÿnX-{]-⁄≥. Hcp ÿnX-{]-⁄-\p-am-{Xta,

Xs‚ kzmX-{¥ysØ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw Xs‚

bYm¿∞ kzcq-]-amb B\-μsØ A\p-`-hn-°m≥ A\p-

h-Zn-°m-Ø-Xp-amb F√m _‘-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ap‡-

\m-hm≥ km[y-amhq. `K-hZvKoX-bn¬ c≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬

55 apX¬ 71 hsc-bp≈ t«mI-ß-fn¬ Hcp ÿnX

{]⁄s‚ KpW-ßfpw e£-W-ßfpw hnh-cn-®n-´p≠v. ]e

]fin-X-∑m-cp-sSbpw A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ ÿnX{]⁄≥,

KpWm-Xo-X≥ F∂o ]Z-ßƒ ]cym-b-ß-fmWv. KoX

]Xn-∂m-em-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®n-´p≈ KpWm-Xo-Xs‚

e£W-ßƒ ÿnX{]⁄-t‚-Xp -X -s∂-bm -sW∂p

ImWmw. AXp-t]mse, ]{¥-≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn-

°p∂ `‡-e£W-ßfpw ÿnX-{]-⁄≥, KpWm-Xo-X≥

F∂n-h-cpsS e£-W-ßfpw H∂pXs∂. AhnsS "ÿnc-

aXnx' (ÿnc-a -\ - p -≈-h≥) F∂Xv `‡s‚ Hcp

kp{][m\ KpW-ambn ]d-bp∂p. ÿnX{]⁄-∑msc,

`Khm≥ caW-a-l¿jn-sb-t∏mse, Poh-∑p-‡-∑m¿

(hntZl-ap-‡-∑m¿, AXym-{i-an-Iƒ) F∂pw ]dbmw.

ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh∂-h-cn¬ Cu e£-W-ßƒ

sXfn™pImWmw F∂Xpw hy‡-amWv.

ÿnX-{]⁄ hnh-c-W-Øns‚ ]›m-Øew

KoX c≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ ]d™ Cu e£-W-ßƒ

shdpw hnh-c-W-ß-f√. Bfl-km-£m¬°m-c-Øn\v ]cn-

{i-an-°p∂ km[-I-∑m¿°p≈ Hcp {lkz-Ime ]cn-ioe\

{Ia-ambpw Chsb IcpXmw. ap‡n {]m]n-°m-\p≈

km[-\bpw AXn\p ]n∂n-ep≈ bp‡nbpw Ah Dƒ

s°m≈p∂p. KoX-bnse ]e A[ym-b-ß-fn-embn NnX-dn-

°n-S-°p∂ hnhn[ km[-\-I-fpsS Hcp kw{K-l-amWv \mw

ChnsS ImWp-∂Xv. (DZm: A[ymbw 3 ˛ t«mIw 34, 41;

A[ymbw 5 -̨ t«mIw 18, 20, 21˛26; A[ymbw 6- -̨ t«mIw

18; A[ymbw 9 ˛ t«mIw 28; A[ymbw 12 ˛ t«mIw 13 -̨ 19).

"{_“-hnZv {_ss“h `hXn' ˛ {_“-⁄m\n {_“w

˛ ]c-a-kXyw ˛ Xs∂ Bbn-Øo-cp∂p. {_“w Ah¿Æ-

\o-bhpw a\- n\pw hm°p-Iƒ°pw FØm-\m-hm-ØXpw

Bbn-cnt°, Hcp Poh-∑p-‡s‚ KpW-ßƒ Fßs\ hnh

cn°pw? At±lw AXy¥w km[m-c-W-\mbn ImW-s∏Spw˛

32


s]mXp-h-gn-bn¬ sh®v \nßƒ At±-lsØ ImWm≥ CS-

h-∂m¬ c≠m-a-sXm∂p t\m°m≥ t]mepw \nßƒ°p

tXm∂n√! Poh-∑p-‡\v Xe-bn¬ c≠p sImºp ImWp-

sa-∂mtWm hnNmcw F∂v ]e alm-flm-°fpw tNmZn-°m-

dp≠v. Poh-∑p-‡\v tkz—-t]mse s]cp-am-dm≥ kzmX-{¥y-

ap≠v. AXp-sIm≠v ÿnX-{]⁄ hnh-cWw Hcp Poh-

∑p-‡s\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-b√. \ΩpsS A⁄m

\-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ \n∂p≈ hnh-c-W-ß-fm-Wnh; F∂m¬, Ah

I¿Ør\njvT-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v Ahsb am\-Z-fi-am°n

Hcp hy‡n ÿnX-{]-⁄-\mtWm, A√tbm F∂v ]co-

£n°pI km[y-a√. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, ÿnX-{]-⁄≥

`bw, t{Im[w F∂n-h-bn-√mØ Bfm-sW∂p ]d-bp∂p

(KoX 2-˛56). Hcp alm-flmhv Xs‚ B{i-a-Øn¬ injy-

∑m-tcm-sSm∏w Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. At∏mƒ, B {Kmaw

sIm≈-b-Sn-°m≥ Ipsd sIm≈-°m¿ IpXn-c-∏p-dØp hcp-

∂p-s≠∂pw, Ah¿ hgn-bn¬ I≠ {Kma-hm-kn-Isf shSn-

sh®p sIm√p∂ Iq´-cm-sW∂pw D≈ hm¿Ø h∂p.

AXp-tI´ DSs\ injy-∑m-sc√mw ASp-sØmcp Imń¬

Hfn-°m-\mbn HmSn-t∏mbn. km[-I-∑m¿ \n¿`-b-cm-bn-cn-

°Ww F∂v D]-tZ-in-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ alm-flmhpw

AhcpsS ap≥]-¥n-bn¬Øs∂ HmSn. Xß-fpsS Kpcphpw

Xß-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ òcp-hm-sW∂pw, a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv

D]tZ-in® \n¿`-bXzw At±-l-Øn-∂n-s√∂pw Ah¿

hnNmcn®p. Ah¿ C°m-cy-sØ-∏‰n Kpcp-Pn-tbmSv ]n∂nSp

tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ At±lw ]d™p: ""temI-Øns‚ IÆn¬

Hcp òcp-hmbn \nμ°pw ]cn-lm-k-Øn∂pw ]m{X-am-hp-

∂-XmWv, It≠m F√m-hcpw HmSn-t∏mbn, Rm≥ am{X-

amWv Bk-\-Øn¬ A\-ßm-sX-bn-cp∂ alm-flmhv F∂v

Fs‚ Al-¶mcw ]n∂oSv kzbw ]pI-gvØp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ

\√Xv.'' At∏mƒ, injy-∑m¿ Kpcp-hn-s\-∏‰n hnNm-cn-®Xv

sX‰m-bn-cp∂p.

thsdmcp ⁄m\nsb, Poh-∑p-‡s\, I≠m¬ Xncn-

®-dn-bm≥ km[n-°ptam F∂v ̀ K-hm≥ ca-W-a-l¿jn-tbmSv

Hcn-°¬ Hcmƒ tNmZn®p. km-[n-°n-s√∂v At±lw

]d™p. Hcp ⁄m\n°v as‰-√m-hcpw \nXy-ap-‡-cmWv.

At±lw F√m-h-tcbpw {_“-ambn ImWp∂p. At∏mƒ

Hcp ⁄m\n°p Xs∂ ÿnX-{]-⁄-\mb Hcmsf Xncn-

®-dn-bm≥ km[y-a√. Ah¿Æ-\o-b-am-b-Xns\ hm°p-Iƒ

sIm≠v Fßs\ hnh-cn°pw?

KoX c≠m-a-[ymbw 39-˛mw t«mI-Øn¬, `K-hm≥

_p≤n (hnthIw) BWv ]c-a-k-Xy-Øn-te-°p≈ GXp

am¿§-Ønepw (tbmKw) {][m-\ -L-SIw F∂p ]d-bp∂p.

Gjm tX f`nlnXm kmwtJy

_p≤n¿tbmtK Xznamw irWp

_p≤ym bpt‡m bbm ]m¿∞

I¿Ω-_‘w {]lm-kykn

imkv{X-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw Dt±iw NnØ-ip-≤n- ssI-h-cp-

ØpI F∂-XmWv. A¿÷p-\s‚ _p≤nsb \n¿Ω-e-

am°n taml-a-I‰n AXn\v icn-bmb Adnhp \evIp-I-bm-

bn-cp∂p KoX-bpsS Dt±iw. _p≤n icn-bmb Adn-hp-

sIm≠v \bn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ am{Xta timI-tam-l-kw-kmc

Imc-W-ß-fmb _p≤ntZmj-ßƒ°-dpXn hcn-I-bp≈q.

]Øm-a-[ymbw ]Ømw t«mI-Øns‚ hymJym-\-Øn¬

i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ _p≤nsb "kay-KvZ¿i\w, aØ-Øz-

hn-jbw', AXm-bXv, Cuiz-c-XØzw icn-bmw-hÆw {Kln-

54


°¬ F∂v \n¿Δ-Nn-°p∂p. Bdm-a-[ymbw 21-˛mw- t«m-I-

Øn¬ {]⁄ (_p≤n) bpsS {]m[m\yw ̀ K-hm≥ ho≠pw

FSp-Øp-]-d-bp∂p. "kpJ-am-Xy-¥nIw bØXv _p≤n-

{KmlyaXo-{μnbw' (B\-μ-kz-cq -]-amb ]c-a-kXyw

_p≤n°p am{Xta {Kln-°m-\mhq). AXp-t]mse, c≠m-

a-[ym-b-Ønepw (t«mIw 53), thZ-hm-Iy-ß-fn¬ Dƒs°m-

≈p∂ ]e-hn[ D]-tZ-i-ß-fm¬ kw{`-an-®p-t]mb a\ v

AXns‚ N©-e-Xbpw A\n-›n-X-Xzhpw hn´v \n›-ehpw

GIm-{K-hp-am-bn-Øo¿∂m¬ am{Xta A¿÷p-\\v ]c-a-amb

tbmKw ssIh-cn-I-bp≈q F∂v ̀ K-hm≥ ]d-bp∂p. ({ipXn

hn{]Xn-]-∂m tX bZm ÿmkyXn \n›em/kam-[m-h-

Nem _p≤nx XZm-tbmKw Ahm-]vkykn.) At∏mƒ,

AØcw ÿnc-_p≤n ssIh∂ Hcm-fpsS e£-W-ßƒ

hnh-cn-®p-X-cm≥ A¿÷p-\≥ ̀ K-hm-t\mSv At]-£n-°p∂p.

ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh-cp-Øm≥ D≈ hgn ]d-™p-X-cm≥

t\cn´v At]-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw, Hcp ÿnX-{]-⁄≥

Fßs\ s]cp-am-dp∂p, a‰p-≈-h¿ At±-lsØ Fßs\

ImWp∂p F∂mWv A¿÷p-\≥ tNmZn-°p-∂Xv.

"ÿnX{]⁄≥' F∂m¬ "Rm≥ ]c-{_“w Xs∂'

F∂v Dd-∏p‰ hnizm-k-ap≈ a\-t m-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcmƒ

F∂mWv i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv (ÿnXm {]Xn-

jvTnXm, "Alw Akvan- ]cw {_“' CXn {]⁄m

bkykx ÿnX{]⁄x ˛ 54-˛mw t«mI-Øns‚ `mjyw).

55-˛mw t«mI-Øns‚ `mjy-Øn¬ BNm-cy¿ ÿnX

-{]-⁄≥ F∂ hm°n\v, Bflm-\m-fl-hn-thIw aqe-

ap≠mb {]⁄-bn¬ kp{]-Xn-jvTn-X-\m-b-h≥ F∂pw

A¿∞w ]d-bp∂p. (ÿnX{]⁄x ÿnXm{]Xn-jvTnXm

Bflm-\m -fl-hn -th-IPm {]⁄m bkykx ÿnX-

{]⁄x) ChnsS A\m-fl-h-kvXp-°ƒ F∂-Xn¬ Cl˛

]c-tem-I-ßfpw icoc˛at\m-kw-Lm-Xhpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂p.

]c-am¿∞-Øn¬, c≠p \n¿h-N-\-ßƒ°pw A¿∞w H∂p

Xs∂. Aßs\, ÿnX-{]-⁄-\m-hp∂-Xn\v Hcmƒ t\Sn-

sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xmb KpW-ßsf kw{K-ln®p ]d-bm≥

`K-hm≥ Hcp-ßn-b-Xns‚ ]›m-Øew CXmWv.

a\p-jys‚ ]c-a-i{Xp

_p≤n-bpsS hnth-I-i‡n \in-∏n®v a\x-im-¥n°pw

_p≤n°pw \miw hcp-Øp∂ F‰hpw {][m\ LSIw

Fs¥∂p hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v `K-hm≥ Xs‚ hnh-cWw

Bcw-`n-°p∂p. Imaw, B{Klw, BWv B kp{]-[m-\-

L-SIw. AXns\ D∑q-e\w sNøWw. ho´n¬ I≈-∑m¿

IS-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v PmK-cq-I-cm-bn-cn-°Ww F∂v P\-

ßsf D¬t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn, Hcp cm{Xn-bn¬ \K-c-

ho-Yn-I-fn-eqsS s]cp-ºd sIm´n \S∂ Hcmƒ sNm√nb

Hcp ]m´p≠v:

Ima-t{Im[u tem`-tamlu

tZtl XnjvT¥n XkvIcmx

⁄m\cXv\m-]-lm-cm¿∞w

Xkvam¬ Pm{KX Pm{KX.

"\nß-fpsS ico-c-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Ct∏mƒØs∂ ⁄m\-am-

Ip∂ cXv\sØ A]-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \mep s]cpw

I≈-∑m¿ IS-∂n-cn-∏p≠v. (]pd-Øp-\n∂pw hcp∂ I≈-

∑m-sc-°p-dn®v thh-em-Xn-s∏-tS≠.) Imaw, t{Im[w, tem`w,

tamlw F∂n-h-bm-W-h¿. AXp-sIm≠v DW-cp-hn≥!

76


DW-cp-hn≥!' t{Im[w Ima-Øns‚ Hcp ÿqe-{]-Im-i\w

am{X-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v `K-hm≥ Ahsb H∂mbn IW-

°m°n, AXv \ΩpsS G‰hpw henb i{Xp-hm-sW∂p

]d-bp∂p:

Ima Gj t{Im[ Gj

ctPm-KpW kap-Zv`hx

alm-it\m alm-]m]vam

hnt≤y\w Cl sshcnWw (3.37)

`K-hm≥ ÿnX-{]-⁄-e-£-W-ßƒ hnh-cn®p

XpSßp∂p.

{]P-lmXn bZm Imam≥

k¿Δm≥ ]m¿∞ at\m-K-Xm≥

Bflt\yhmfl\m XpjvSx

ÿnX-{]⁄kvXtZm-NytX (2.55)

"Hcmƒ a\- nse F√m B{K-l-ß-tfbpw Dt]-£n®v

Bflm-hp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ k¥p-jvS-\m-bn-cn -°p-tºmƒ

Abmsf ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ F∂p ]d-bp∂p!

_p≤-aXw, ssP\-aXw F∂n-h-bpƒs∏sS an°

aXßfpw, B{K-l-ß-fmWv \ΩpsS ZpxJ-ßƒ°pw ZpcnX-

ßƒ°pw {][m\ ImcWw F∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬

tbmPn-°p∂p. B{Klw F∂-Xn¬ ssewKn-I-Imaw, i‡n-

a-Ømb hnImcw, ]pcp-j-\m-sW-¶n¬ kv{Xobp-tSbpw

kv{Xobm-sW-¶n¬ ]pcp-j-t‚bpw kl-hmkw, ASp∏w

F∂n-h-bv°p≈ Xo{h-amb sImXn F∂nh Dƒs∏-Sp∂p.

ssewKn-I-Im-a-Øn\p sXm´p-]ntº hcp∂p [\-Øn-\p≈

B{Klw. Ima˛Im©-\-ßƒ°p≈ sImXn -bmWv

A[ymfl ]ptcm-K-Xn°v G‰hpw henb XS w F∂v

{iocm-a-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k¿ ]d-bp-am-bn-cp∂p. [ym\-apƒ

s∏sS Hcp km[-\bpw D]-tZ-in-°mØ, ⁄m\m¿P\-

Øn\v Hcp {]tXyI D]m-[nbpw \n¿t±-in-°mØ, AjvSm-

h-{I-a-l¿jn t]mepw Ima-Im-©-\-ßƒ°p≈ B{K-

lsØ i‡n-bmbn A]-e-]n-°p∂p.

BÿnXx ]c-am-ssZzXw

tam£m¿t∞- f]n hyh-ÿnXx

B›cyw Ima-h-iKx

hnIex tIfn-in-£bm

(AjvSm-h-{I-KoX 3˛-6)

"AssZz-X-⁄m-\-Øn¬ Dd-∏p-h∂v tam£-{]m-]vXn-bn¬

AXy¥w Xev]-c-\m-bn´pw, ]q¿Δ-hm-k-\-I-fpsS i‡n-

bm¬ Ima-h-i-K-\mbn \o t£m-̀ -Øn-∂n-c-bm-hp∂p F∂Xv

A¤pXw Xs∂.'

"D]tÿ fXy¥ kwkt‡m

amen-\y-a-[n-K-—Xn' (AjvSm-h-{I-KoX 3˛-4)

"Ima-hr-Øn-bn¬ Bk-‡-\mbn Cßs\ aen-\-\m-hp-

∂-sX-ßs\?'

Ahn-\m-in-\-am-flm\w GIw hn⁄mb XØzXx

Xhm-fl-PvRky [oc-ky-IYw A¿∞m¿÷-t\ -cXnx

(3-˛1)

"\mi-an-√m-ØXpw GI-hp-amb Bflm-hns\ bYm¿∞-

Øn¬ Adn-™n´pw Bfl-⁄-s\∂v kzbw Icp-Xp∂

\o Fßs\ [\-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn¬ Xev]-c-\m-hp∂p?'

98


k’wKw, {]m¿∞\, P]w, Kpcp-Ir] F∂n-h-bn-eqsS

B{K-l-ß-sf-sb√mw XyPn-°m≥ ]cn-{i-an-®n-s√-¶n¬

Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw t\Sm-\m-hn√. [\w, Ima-t`mKw,

t]cpw s]cp-abpw F∂n-h-bn¬ Hcmƒ Xev]-c-\m-hp-Ibpw

kXy-k-‘-amb hgn-bn¬ Ah t\Sm≥ Abmƒ°v km[n-

°msX hcn-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ Abmƒ Xs‚ e£yw

t\Sp-∂-Xn\v Ak-Xy-Øn-t‚bpw h©-\-bp-tSbpw hgn-Iƒ

Ah-ew-_n-°p∂p. Xm≥ I≠p-]n-Sn-°-s∏Spw, in£n-°-

s∏Spw F∂ `bw Abmsf kZm ]n¥p-S-cp∂p. Abm-

fpsS a\- n\v Hcn-°epw im¥n-bp-≠m-hn√; AXv kZm

{]£p-_v[am-bn-cn°pw. Aßs\, B{K-l-ßsf Dt]-£n-

®n-s√-¶n¬ \ΩpsS a\ v kZm-N-©-e-am-bn-cn°pw, \ap°v

ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh-cn√.

Ima-Øns‚ D¤-h-ÿm\w

B{K-l-ß-fmWv \ΩpsS {][m\ i{Xp-°-sf-¶n¬,

Ah ]pd-ta-\n∂v hcp-∂-h-bmtWm, AtXm, \ΩpsS

a\ nepw ico-c-Ønepw kZm IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂-h-bmtWm

F∂-dn-tb-≠-Xp≠v. Ch a\- n¬ IpSn-sIm-≈p∂p F∂v

`K-hm≥ ]d-bp∂p. Ah kXy-a√, am\-knI hnIm-c-ßƒ

am{X-amWv. a‰p hm°p-I-fn¬, Ah \ΩpsS k¶-ev]-ßtfm

Nn¥-Itfm BWv. \mw Bflm-hmWv. B{K-l-ßƒ°v

Bflm-hp-ambn Hcp _‘-hp-an√. Ah \ΩpsS k¶-ev]-

ßƒ am{X-am-sW∂v Adn-™p-I-gn-™m¬, "Cu B{K-l-

ßƒ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ft‚-X√. F\n-°-h-bp-ambn Hcp

_‘-hp-an√. B{K-l-]q¿Øn-sIm≠v F\n-°p-≠mb

kpJw £Wn-Ihpw am\-kn-Ihpw am{X-amWv' F∂v ZrV-

hn-izm-k-tØmsS kzbw Bh¿Øn-®p-]-d™v \ap°v

Ahsb XyPn-°m≥ km[n°pw.

thsd Nne¿ hnNm-cn -°p-∂Xv, ssewKnIkpJw

-t]m-ep≈ kpJ-ß-fn¬ apgp-Ip-∂Xp hgn Ah-cpsS

a\ n\v Xr]vXn hcpw, ]ns∂ Ah-bv°p≈ B{K-l-ap-

≠m-hn√ F∂mWv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ CXp kXy-a√.

{ioaZv ̀ mK-h-X-Øn¬ bbmXn F∂ cmPm-hns‚ IY-bp≠v.

Imam-k-‡-\mb At±-l-Øn\v hm¿≤Iyw _m[n®p. Ima-

t`mKw Akm-[y-am-b-t∏mƒ At±lw Xs‚ hm¿≤Iyw

Cf-b -a-I-\p -sIm-SpØv Ahs‚ buΔ\w ]Icw hmßn

At\-Im-bncw h¿jw Ima-t`mKw A\p-`-hn®p. F∂m¬

Hcp \mƒ, Xs‚ B{K-l-]q¿Øn Hcn-°epw km[y-a√,

AXns\ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øpw-tXmdpw AXv h¿≤n-®p-h-cn-I-

tb-bp≈q F∂v At±-l-Øn\v t_m≤yw h∂p. AXmWv

`K-hm≥ {ioIr-jvW≥ CØcw Ima-\-Isf "alm-i\x'

(F{X `£n-®mepw Xr]vXn-s∏-Sm-ØXv) F∂v KoX-bn¬

hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (3-˛37). bbmXn ]d™p:

\ PmXp Imax Imam\mw

D]-t`m-tK\ imayXn

lhnjm IrjvW-h¿tflh

`qb Fhm-`n-h¿[tX (`mK-hXw 9-˛19.14)

"t`mKm-\p-`hw sIm≠v Ima-ßƒ Hcn-°epw ian-°p-∂n√.

Xobn¬ s\søm-gn-®m¬ Xo\m-f-ßƒ h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xp-

t]mse Ah h¿≤n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p∂p:

D]-\n-jØp ]d-bp∂p:

1110


bZm k¿tΔ {]ap-Nyt¥ Imam tb fky lrZn-{inXmx

AY-a¿tØym AartXm `hXn A{X {_“ ka-iv\ptX

(ITw 2.6.14)

"a\p-jy≥ kzlr-Z-b-Øn-ep≈ B{K-l-ß-sf-sb√mw

XyPn-°p-tºmƒ Ah≥ Aa-c-\m-bn-Øo-cp∂p; Ah\v

Chn-sS-Øs∂ Ct∏mƒ {_“m-\p-`hw D≠m-hp∂p.'

CXn-e-[nIw \ap-s°-¥p-d-∏p-thWw?

Ima-Øn\v {]Xn-hn[n

Hcp Ip´n Fs¥-¶nepw Aln-X-I-c-amb hkvXp-

sIm≠v Ifn-°m-s\m-cp-sº-́ m¬ Ahs‚ a\- p- am-‰m-\p≈

G‰hpw \√ hgn IqSp-X¬ BI¿j-I-amb Fs¥-¶nepw

Ah\v \evIp-I-bmWv. a\- ns\ Ima-ap-‡-am-°-W-sa-

¶n¬ ]Icw \evIm-hp∂ G‰hpw \√ hkvXp \ΩpsS

Bflm-hp-X-s∂-bmWv. euInIhkvXp-°-fn¬ H∂n¬

\n∂pw kpJtam B\-μtam Hcn-°epw D≠m-hp-∂n√. Hcp

a[pc km[\w Xn∂p-tºmƒ hfsc kpJw tXm∂n-sb-

¶n¬ B kpJw B hkvXp-hn¬ \n∂pw h∂-X√; apºp-

Xs∂ \n¿Æ-bn-°-s∏´ \nß-fpsS CjvSm-\n-jvS-ß-fmWv

AXn\p-Im-cWw. B\-μ-sa√mw \nßƒ°p-≈n¬Ø-s∂-

bmWv. \nß-fpsS Bflmhv B\-μ-kz-cq-]w-Xs∂ ˛

temI-Øn-ep≈ B\-μ-Øn-s‚sb√mw DdhnSw. Cu

BflmhmWv {]]©Ønt‚bpw AXn-ep≈ F√m hkvXp-

°-fp-tSbpw A[n-jvTm\w. {]]-©hpw AXnse hkvXp-

°-fp-sa√mw Bflm-hn¬ A≤y-kn-®n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. Cu

Bflmhp Xs∂ ]c-a-k-Xy-amb {_“w. Ccp-´n¬ Ibdv

]mºn-s\-t∏mse ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-t]mse, A[ym-tcm]w

ImcWw Bflmhv F√m hkvXp-°-fp-tSbpw cq]-Øn¬

ImW-s∏-Sp∂p. Cu Dd® hnizm-k-tØmsS GIm-{K-X-

tbmsS Bfl-[ym\w sNøm-sa-¶n¬ \ap°v AXp-ey-amb

B\μw e`n°pw. [\w, Ima-t`mKw XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬

\n∂pw e`n°p∂ Hcm-\-μ-Øn∂pw AXn-t\mSv InS-\n-

ev°m≥ Ignbn√. Aßs\ \nc-¥cw Bfl-[ym\w sNøp-

∂-Xp-sImt≠m, "Rm≥ \ne-\n-ev°p∂p, Rm≥ am{Xw

kXyw' (I AM) F∂ ip≤-t_m-[-Øn¬ Bfl-kz-cq-]-

\mbn h¿Øn-°p-∂XpsImt≠m e`n-°p∂ kwXr-]vXn-

sIm≠v F√m B{K-l-ß-tfbpw XyPn®v ÿnX-{]-⁄X

ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw. AXp-sIm≠v, ÿnX-{]-⁄

\mhm≥ Bh-iy-amb BZysØ c≠p LS-I-ßƒ

B{Kl-ß-sf-sb√mw Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw, kwXr-]vXn-

°mbn _mly-h-kvXp-°-sf-sbm∂pw B{i-bn-°msX

\nc-¥cw Bflm-hn¬Øs∂ kwXr-]vXn- I-s≠-Øp-Ibpw

BWv.

ka-Nn-ØX

ASp-Ø-Xmbn `K-hm≥ thsd c≠p Imcy-ßƒ

{]kvXm-hn-°p∂p. At±lw ]d-bp∂p:

ZpxtJ-jz\pZzn·-a\mx

kptJjp hnK-X-kv]rlx

hoX-cm-K-`-b-t{Im[x

ÿnX-[o¿ap-\n-cp-NytX (2.56)

"ZpxJ-Øn¬ a\ v Akz-ÿ-am-Im-Ø-h\pw, kpJ-Øn¬

B{K-l-an-√m-Ø-h\pw, Bk‡n, `bw, t{Im[w F∂n-h-

bn-√m-Ø-h\pw Bb Bsf ÿnX-{]-⁄-s\∂p ]d-

bp∂p.'

1312


ZpxJ-ßfpw t¢i-ßfpw aq∂p-X-c-Øn-ep≠v:-

1. B[ym-flnIw (hy‡n-]cw) ˛ ChnsS ZpxJ-Øn-\p≈

ImcWw \nßƒ Xs∂-bmWv. DZm: {]ta-l-ap-s≠-

¶nepw \nßƒ Ipsd a[pcw Ign-°p∂p, X¬^-e-ambn

hb-dn¬ Akp-J-ap-≠m-hp∂p. ChnsS ZpxJ-Im-cWw

\nß-fpsS hnth-I-c-ln-X-amb {]hr-Øn-bmWv.

2. B[n-ù-XnIw (hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn-ep-≈Xv) ˛ ChnsS,

\nß-fpsS ZpxJ-Øn\p ImcWw as‰m-cm-fmWv. DZm:

\nß-fpsS hoń¬ I≈-∑m¿ tamjWw \S-Øp∂p;

\nßsf tXƒ Ip-Øp∂p F∂n-ßs\.

3. B[n-ssZ-hnIw ({]Ir-Xn-t£m-`-ßƒ) ˛ `qIºw

ImcWw \nß-fpsS hoSpw kzØpw \in-°p∂p. sh≈-

s∏m°w, kp\man XpS-ßn-bh \mi-\-jvS-ß-fp-≠m-

°p∂p.

Zpcn-X-ßfpw t¢i-ßfpw D≠m-°p∂ Np‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ

\ap°v \nb-{¥-Wm-[o-\-a-s√∂p ImWmw. `K-hm≥ ca-W-

a-l¿jn, {iocm-a-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k¿, am B\-μ-abn

XpS-ßnb alm-flm-°ƒ t]mepw A¥y-Im-eØv ITn-\-

tcm-K-_m-[n-X-cm-bn-cp∂p. IpSpw-_-Øn¬ acWw, [\-

\jvSw F∂nh kw`-hn-°p∂p. \ap-°-hsb XS-bm-\m-hp-

∂n√. F∂m¬ \ap°v Ahsb Imcy-am-sb-Sp-°msX

DZm-ko-\-`mhw ]pe¿Øm\pw Aßs\ kzÿ-Nn-Ø-cm-

bn-cn-°m\pw Ignbpw. kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-sf√mw Xmev°m-en-I-

amWv, h∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-h-bmWv. Ahsb kln-°m≥ \mw

]Tn-°Ww. kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-fm¬ _m[n-°-s∏-SmsX Ahsb

ka-Nn-Ø-X-tbmsS t\cn-Sp∂ Hcmƒ Aa-c-Xz-Øn-\¿l-

\m-bn -Øo-cp∂p F∂v c≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ `K-hm≥

1514

t\csØ ]d-™n-´p≠v (2.15). ZpxJßsf Ah-K-Wn-°-

W-sa-∂Xp a\- n-em°mw; F∂m¬, Pohn-X-kp-J-ßƒ

A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn¬ F¥mWv sX‰v? kpJm-\p-`-h-Øn¬

a\p-jy\v el-cn-]n-Sn-°p∂p, acym-Z-tbmSp IqSnb \√

s]cp-am‰w, kZm-Nm-c-\n-b-a-ßƒ F∂n-hsb Ah≥ Ah-

K-Wn-°p∂p. c≠m-a-Xmbn, kpJm-\p-`hw IqSpw-tXmdpw

AXn-\p≈ B{Klw IqSn-°qSn hcn-Ibpw Ah km[n-

°m≥ GXp- h-gnbpw kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ah≥ Xøm-dm-hp-

Ibpw sNøp∂p. B{Klw km[n-®n-s√-¶n¬ Ah≥

t{Im[-h-i-K-\m-hp∂p. Ch-sb√mw ImcWw Ahs‚

a\ v Akz-ÿhpw Aÿn-c-hp-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. \ap°v

e`n-°p∂ kpJ-Zpx-J-ßƒ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ a\- ns‚

`mh\, k¶ev]w, am{X-amWv; Ah kXy-a√.

hr≤-\mb Hcp hyh-kmbn D≠m-bn-cp∂p. Hcp cm{Xn,

Xs‚ Aº-Xp-sIm√w ]g-°-ap≈ ^mIvSdn sIńSw Xo

]n-Sn®p \in-°p-I-bm-sW∂v Abmƒ I≠p. ^mIvSdn

C≥jq¿ sNbvXn-cp-∂n√. A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb Cu B]-

Øn¬ Abmƒ Ic-™p-Xp-Sßn. At∏m-gmWv, A∂p-

cmhnse B ̂ mIvS-dn-bpsS hnev]-\bv°v G¿∏mSv sNbvXn-

cp∂p F∂pw, Hcp ktlm-Z-c≥ hnev]-\-hn-e-bv°p≈

sN°p-hm-ßm≥ t]mbn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂pw Abm-fpsS

aI≥ h∂p ]d-™Xv. AXp-tI´v hr≤≥ k¥p-jvS-\mbn

\rØw sh®p-Xp-Sßn. Aev]-k-a-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ c≠m-

asØ aI≥ h∂v, ^mIvSdn hmßm≥ \n›-bn® Bƒ

a\ p am‰n-sb∂pw sN°p Xcm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-®p-sh∂pw

]d™p. ho≠pw hr≤≥ hne-]n-®p-Xp-Sßn. Cu kabw

apgp-h≥ ^mIvSdn IØp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p


hkvXpX. F∂m¬ hr≤≥ BZyw ZpxJn-X-\mbn; ]ns∂,

^mIvSdn hn‰p F∂p hnNm-cn®v k¥p-jvS-\mbn; ho≠pw,

hnev]\ \S-∂n√ F∂-dn™v ZpxJn-X-\mbn. At∏mƒ,

^mIvS-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ Abm-fpsS kpJ-Ønt\m ZpxJ-

Ønt\m ImcWw. kpJ-Zpx-J-ßƒ amdn amdn h∂Xv

k¶ev]w, Hcp Nn¥, -am-{X-am-bn-cp∂p.

DZm-l-c-W-ambn thsdmcp IY-bp≠v. {Kma-hm-kn-I-

fmb cma\pw IrjvW\pw kvt\ln-X-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂p. Ah¿

`mKyw tXSn hntZ-iØp t]mbn. {Kma-Øn¬ Ah-cpsS

ho´p-Im¿°v Ah-sc-∏‰n hnh-c-sam∂pw Inń-bn-cp-∂n√,

F∂m¬, Xß-fpsS a°ƒ [mcmfw [\w kºm-Zn-°p-∂p-

≠mhpw F∂p hnNm-cn®v Ah¿ kt¥m-jn®p. ]Øp

-sIm-√-Øn-\p-tijw AtX {Kma-Øn¬ \n∂v tKmhn-μ≥

F∂p ]d™ bphmhv AtX ÿe-tØ°p t]mhp-I-bm-

bn-cp∂p. cma-t‚bpw IrjvW-t‚bpw ho´p-Im¿ Abm-tfmSv

Xß-fpsS a°sf I≠v hnh-c-a-dn-bn-°-W-sa∂v ]d-t™-

ev]n®p. tKmhn-μ≥ cmas\ I≠p; hntZ-iØp h∂v

Xma-kn-bmsX IrjvW≥ acn-®p-sh∂v At∏mƒ cma≥

Abm-tfmSp ]d™p. Xs‚ hym]mcw \∂mbn \S-°p-∂p-

s≠∂pw GXm\pw amk-ßƒ°p-≈n¬ Xm≥ \mń-te°p

aS-ßp-I-bm-sW∂pw cma≥ Iqń-t®¿Øp. tKmhn-μ≥

t\csØ aSßn. BcmWv acn-®-sX∂v Abmƒ°v IrXy-

ambn Hm¿Ω-bn-√m-Xmbn. AXp-sIm≠v cmas‚ A—-t\mSv

cma≥ ]t≠ acn-®p-sh∂pw IrjvWs‚ A—-t\mSv

IrjvW≥ [\n-I-\mbn ASpØpXs∂ Xncn-®p-h-cp-sa∂pw

]d™p. Xosc hmkvX-h-hn-cp-≤-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. cma≥

Pohn-®n-cn-∏p-≠m-bn-cp∂p; F∂m¬, Abm-fpsS hoń¬

cma≥ acn-®p-sh∂v hnNm-cn®p henb hnem-]-am-bn-cp∂p.

IrjvW≥ ]t≠ acn-®n-cp∂p; F∂m¬ Xß-fpsS aI≥

[\n-I-\mbn DSs\ Xncn-s®-Øp-sa-∂m-in®v ho´p-Im¿

B\μ-`-cn-X-cm-bn-cp∂p. kPo-h-\mb cma≥ Xs‚ ho´p-

Im-cpsS ZpxJ-Ønt\m, arX-\mb IrjvW≥ Abm-fpsS

ho´p-Im-cpsS kt¥m-j-Ønt\m hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Imc-W-

°m-cm-bn-cp-∂n√.

AXp-sIm≠v kpJ-Zpx-J-ßƒ am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-Iƒ

am{X-amWv; Ahbv°v Imc-W-ambn hmkvX-h-Øn¬ H∂p-

an√. kz¥w a\- ns\ C°mcyw t_m[y-s∏SpØn kpJ-

Zpx-J-ßƒ AXns\ _m[n-°m-Xm°mw. Aßs\ a\- n\v

kzÿhpw ÿnc-hp-ambn h¿Øn-°m≥ km[y-amhpw.

kpJ-Zpx-Jm-\p-`-h-ßƒ Al-¶m-csØ ˛ \ap°v

\ΩpsS ico-c-hp-am-bp≈ XmZm-fly-t_m-[sØ ̨ B{ibn-

®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p ImWmw. \msa√mw Bflm-hmWv; Htc

Bflm-hmWv F√m ico-c-ß-fnepw h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv. F√m

_ƒ_p-I-fnepw Htc sshZypXn hym]n-®n-cn -°p∂p;

F∂m¬, _ƒ_n\p kw -̀hn-°p-∂-sXm∂pw sshZyp-Xnsb

_m[n-°p-∂n√. AXp-t]mse Bflm-hn\v ico-c-hp-ambn

Hcp _‘-hp-an√. AXp-sIm≠v, Hc-SpØ _‘p-hns‚

acWw-t]mse ZpxJ-Øn-\p- Im-c-W-amb ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-Iƒ

ico-c-tØmSp _‘-s∏-´-h-bmWv; _‘p-°ƒ°v ico-c-

tØm-SmWv _‘w, Bflm-hn-t\m-S√. \mw hmkvX-h-Øn¬

BcmWv F∂-dn-bm-Ø-XmWv kpJ-Zpx-J-ßƒs°√mw

ImcWw. Kpcp-hn¬ \n∂pw imkv{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw {_“-

⁄m\w ˛ Bfl-⁄m\w ˛ kn≤n-®m¬ kpJ-Zpx-J-ßƒ

\sΩ _m[n-°mØ Ahÿ e`y-amIpw.

1716


cmK ˛ tZzj ˛ `b-ßƒ

ÿnX{]⁄-Xbv°v FXn-cmb ]n∂sØ {][m-\

-L-SIw aqs∂Æw H∂n-®p-tN¿∂-XmWv ̨ cmK, ̀ b, t{Im[-

ßƒ. cmKw (Bk‡n) AXn-s\-Xn-cmb tZzjw (shdp∏v)

F∂ LS-I-tØbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p. Hcp]t£ tZzjw

cmK-tØ-°mƒ _e-s∏-´-Xmhmw.

Hcn-°¬ Ahn-hm-ln-X-bmb Hcp [\n-I-bp-hXn Nne

km[-\-ßƒ hmßp-∂-Xn-\mbn Aßm-Sn-bn¬ t]mbn.

t]bn-f-Inb Hcp ]ń AhnsS sh®v Ahsc ISn®p. km[\-

ßƒ hmßm≥ hfsc ka-b-sa-SpØp. Ah¿°v hfsc

Akzmÿyw tXm∂n. Ah¿ Ipd-®-I-se-bp≈ Ah-cpsS

tUmIvS-dpsS hoń-te°v Imtdm-Sn-®p-t]mbn. tUmIvS¿

Ahsc ]cn-tim-[n-®-tijw, kabw hfsc sshIn-sb∂pw

hnjw Ah-cpsS ico-c-Øn¬ ]c∂p Ign™p F∂pw

]d-™p. GXm\pw aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ Ah¿ Hcp

]ń-sb-t∏mse Ipc-bv°m\pw Bfp-Isf ISn-°m\pw

XpSßpw; AXp -sIm≠v At±lw Ah¿°v Xs‚

Hky-sØ-gp-Xm≥ Ipd®p IS-em pw t]\bpw FSp-Øp-

sImSpØp. Ah¿ t]PpIƒ \ndsb Fgp-Xn-Øp-Sßn.

A¤p-X-s∏´ tUmIvS¿ AXn-s\-∏‰n At\z-jn®p. Xm≥

Hcp ]ń-sb-t∏mse s]cp-am-dn-Øp-S-ßn-bm¬ ISn-t°-≠-

Xmb, Xm≥ shdp-°p∂, Bfp-I-fpsS ]ńI Fgp-Xp-I-

bmWv F∂v Ah¿ ]d™p. ChnsS tZzjw cmK-tØ-°mƒ

i‡n-a-Øm-sW∂p ImWmw. òjva¿, t{ZmW¿ XpS-ßnb

Xs‚ Kpcp-°-∑m-tcmSpw ktlm-Z-c-Xp-ey-cmb a‰p _‘p-

°-tfmSpw D≈ cmKw-aq-e-amWv A¿÷p\\v Xs‚ I¿Ø-

hy-sØ-∏‰n ˛ bp≤w sNbvXv Ahsc h[n-°-Wtam,

AtXm, bp≤-Øn¬ \n∂v ]n∑m-d-Wtam, F∂v ˛ Bi-b-

°p-g-∏hpw at\m-hn-{`-ahpw D≠m-bXv. thsd Bsc-¶n-ep-

amWv bp≤k∂-≤-cmbn X\n-s°-Xnsc \n∂n-cp-∂Xv

F¶n¬ Ahsc s\mSn-bn-S-bn¬ h[n-°p-∂-Xn\v At±-l-

Øn\v Hcp hnj-ahpw tXm∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n√.

cmhW≥ bp≤-°-f-Øn¬ acn®pInS-°p-tºmƒ

hnòj-W≥ Aev]w AIse DZm-ko-\-\mbn \nev°p-I-

bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v hmevaoIn cmam-b-W-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p.

At∏mƒ {iocm-a≥ At±-l-tØmSv cmh-Ws‚ A¥y-

I¿Ω-ßƒ°p≈ G¿∏m-Sp -Iƒ sNøm≥ ]d-bp∂p.

ImcWw, i{Xp acn-®p-I-gn-™m¬ ]ns∂ i{XpX Ahkm-

\n-°Ww.

`b-amWv a\- ns\ Akz-ÿ-am-°p∂ thsdmcp

LSIw. ssZzX-`m-h-\-bmWv `b-Øn-\p- Im-cWw F∂v

D]-\n-j-Øp-Ifpw `mK-h-Xhpw ]d-bp∂p. \mw Hmtcm-cp-

Øcpw A\y-cn¬ \n∂pw `n∂-cmb hy‡n-I-fmWv F∂v

Nn¥n-°p∂ Ime-tØmfw a‰p hy‡n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw

hkvXp-°-fn¬ \n∂pw `b-ap-≠mhpw. Htc `K-hm≥ Xs∂-

bmWv ]e cq]-ß-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. kn\n-a-bn¬

Htc \S≥ Xs∂ Hcp bm{Xn-I-\m-bn´pw Abmsf hgn-

bn¬sh®v B{I-an-°p∂ sIm≈-°m-c-\m-bn´pw A`n-\-bn-

°p∂p F¶n¬ B¿ Bsc `b-s∏-SWw? Cub-Sp-Ø-

ImeØv `K-hm≥ ca-W-a-l¿jnsb I≈-∑m¿ B{i-a-

Øn¬ sh®v B{I-an-°p-Ibpw ASn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp

F∂pw At±lw \n¿`-b-\mbn AhnsS \n∂p F∂pw \mw

tIń-´p≠v. B I≈-∑msc t]meo-kp-Im¿ ]nSn®v At±-l-

Øns‚ apºn¬ sIm≠p-h∂p; F∂m¬, At±lw Ahsc

1918


Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn®p. _mw•q-cnse Xncp®n kzman-

I-fpsS Poh-Ncn-{X-Ønepw CØcw Hcp kw`hw hnh-cn-

°p-∂p≠v. At±lw sNdp-∏-Øn¬ {ioe-¶-bn¬ sh®v Hcp

aZw s]m´nb B\sb shdpw t\m´w sIm≠v sacp-°p-I-

bp-≠mbn. AXv P\-Øn-c-°p≈ Hcp ÿeØv \nb-{¥-

W-an-√msX ]m™v Ipsd _p≤-`n-£p-Isf B{I-an-°p-

sa∂ ÿnXn-bn-em-bn-cp∂p. `bsØ Pbn-°p-hm≥ c≠p

hgn-I-fp≠v. H∂v, Htc Bflm-hmWv F√m ico-c-ß-fnepw

hkvXp-°-fnepw hym]n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂pw Bflm-hn¬

\n∂p- `n-∂-ambn, AXn\v tZmjw hcp-Øp-∂-hn[w, temI-

Øn¬ H∂p-an-s√∂pw Adn-bpI. c≠m-a-tØXv ̀ ‡n-am¿§-

amWv ˛ Htc Cuiz-c-\mWv F√m cq]-ß-fmbpw {]Xy-£-

s∏-Sp-∂Xv F∂-dn-bp-Ibpw Cuiz-c≥ k¿ΔZm Xs∂

c£n°pw F∂v Dd-∏mbn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI.

`mKhXw ]d-bp∂p:

`bw ZznXo-bm-`n-\n-th-iXx kymXv

Cuim-Z-t]-Xky hn]-cytbmfkvarXnx

X∑m-b-bmtXm _p[ B`-tPØw

`ss‡y-I-tbiw Kpcp-tZ-h-Xmflm (11.2.37)

(Cuiz-cs\ hnkva-cn® a\p-jy\v Bfl-t_m-[-ap-≠m-hn√.

X∑qew, Abmƒ°v tZlm-`n-am-\hpw, AXn¬ \n∂v icoc-

tØmSv _‘-s∏´ hkvXp-°-fn¬ B{K-lhpw Bk-

‡nbpw D≠m-hp∂p. AtXmsS Ah -\-jvS-s∏-Sptam

F∂pw Xm≥ acn-°ptam F∂pw D≈ ̀ bhpw D≠m-hp∂p.

CsX√mw Cuiz-cs‚ amb-bpsS {]h¿Ø\w aqe-amWv.

AXp-sIm≠v hnth-I-ap≈ a\p-jy≥ Kpcp-hnepw tZh-X-

I-fnepw k¿Δ Pohn-I-fnepw Cuizc km∂n[yw I≠-

dn™v ]q¿Æ-`-‡n-tbmsS Cuiz-cs\ tkhn-°Ww.)

t{Im[w Ima-Øns‚ Hcp ̀ mKw Xs∂-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠v

\mw Ahsb H∂n-®mWv ]cn-K-Wn-®n-´p-≈Xv. B{K-l-

]q¿Øn-bn¬ XS- -ß-fp-≠m-hp-tºmƒ \mw t{Im[-h-i-K-

cm-hp∂p. t{Im[-h-i-K-\mb a\p-jys‚ a\ v Ießn

adn™v Xm≥ sNøp-∂Xpw ]d-bp-∂Xpw F¥m-sW∂v

Abmƒ°-dn-bm-Xm-hp∂p. ]d-bm≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xp- ]d™v

Abmƒ°v ]n∂oSv ]›m-Ø-]n-t°≠n hcpw. ]e sIme-

]m-X-I-ßfpw \S-°p-∂Xv t{Im[-Øn\p hg-ßn-bn-´mWv.

hmevao-In-cm-am-bWw kpμ-c-Im-fi-Øn¬ t{Im[-Øns‚

tZmj-ß-sf-∏‰n l\p-ams‚ Hcp \o≠ at\m-K-X-ap≠v.

e¶-bn-ep≈ koXm-tZ-hn°pw B]-Øp-]-‰n -tb°mw

Ft∂m¿°msX, Xm≥ t{Im[-h-i-K-\mbn Btem-N-\-bn-

√msX e¶- ap-gp-h≥ Zln-∏n-®-Xn-s\-∏‰n At±lw Nn¥n-

°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. cmK˛`b˛t{Im[-ß-fpsS ]nSn-bn¬ \n∂v

tamN\w {]m]n-°msX Hcmƒ°v ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssI

h-cn-I-bn√.

ip`m-ip-̀ -ß-fn¬ kaXzw

ASp-Ø-Xmbn `K-hm≥ ]d-bp∂p.

bx k¿Δ-{Xm-\-`n-kvt\lx

XØ¬ {]m]y ip`m-ip`w

\m`n-\-μXn \ tZzjvSn

Xky-{]⁄m {]Xn-jvTnXm (2.57)

‘H∂nepw Bk-‡n-bn-√msX, X\n°p ip`-I-c-ß-fmb

Imcy-ßsf A`n-\μn-°m-sXbpw Aip-`-I-c-ß-fm-b-hsb

shdp-°m-sXbpw h¿Øn-°p-∂-hs‚ {]⁄ ÿnc-am-bn-

Øo-cp∂p.’

2120


CØcw Hcm-ibw AjvSm-h-{I-Ko-X-bnepw ImWmw:

ip`m-ip-t`- hn-lm-bmkvam˛

Zl-amtk bYm-kpJw (13.7)

"CXp \√-XmWv, CXp NoØ-bmWv F∂ Nn¥-bp-t]-

£n®v Rm≥ kpJ-ambn Ign-bp∂p.'

GXv Bk-‡nbpw A[ym-fl-]p-tcm-K-Xn°v XS- -

amWv. Cu hnjbw t\csØ ]cn-K-Wn®p Ign™p. A\p-

Iq-e-am-b-Xns\ {]iw-kn-°-cpXv, {]Xn-Iq-e-am-b-Xns\ \nμn-

°p-Ibpw AcpXv F∂pw Cu KoXm-t«m-I-Øn\v A¿∞w

]d-bp-∂p≠v. Hcp I¿ΩsØ, AYhm, hy‡nsb {]iw-

kn-°pI; AXp-t]mse, F¥n-s\-sb-¶nepw \nμn-°pI,

As√-¶n¬ Dt]-£n-°pI ˛ Ch-c≠pw ths≠-∂p

-sh-°Ww. \√Xp Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ

\nßƒ thsdm-cm-fpsS, AYhm, hkvXp-°-fpsS ta∑tbm,

KpWtam, tZmjtam t\m°n-s°m-≠n-cn°pw. CXv t`Z

Nn¥°pw H∂n-t\mSv {]tXyIw B\p-Iqeyw ImWn-°p-

∂-Xn\pw hgn-sh-°p∂p. kw`-hn-°p-∂-sX¥pw Cuiz-c≥

ap≥Iq´n \n›-bn-®-Xmb Hcp {]]-©-\m-S-I-amWv. \√Xpw

NoØ-bp-sa√mw At±-l-Øns‚ C—. NoØ-bm-sW∂p

\ap-°p- tXm-∂p-∂-Xns\ \nμn-°p-∂Xv B ]q¿Æ-X-bpsS

C—sb hna¿in-°p-I-bm-bn-cn°pw. AsX√mw a\- ns\

Akz-ÿ-am-°p∂p. `mK-hXw ]d-bp∂p.

\ Ipcym∂ htZXv In©nXv

\ [ymtbXv km[z-km-[phm

Bflm-cmtamf\bm hrXym

hnN-tcXv PU-h-∑p\nx (11.11.17)

"Fs¥-¶nepw \√-Xm-sWt∂m NoØ-bm-sWt∂m Nn¥n-

°-cpXv, ]d-b-cpXv, sNø-cpXv. ap\n (⁄m\n) Bflm-hn¬

Øs∂ can-®p-sIm≠v PU-s\-t∏mse BN-cn-°Ww.'

C{μn-b-kw-baw

CXp-h-sc-bmbn `K-hm≥ a\- ns‚ ÿncX ]pe¿

Øp-hm≥ aq∂p Imcy-ßƒ ]d™p. 1) Ima-\-Iƒ

XyPn°pI; 2) kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-I-cn-°msX Bflm-

hn¬Øs∂ kwXr-]vX-\mbn h¿Øn-°pI; 3) cmKw, ̀ bw,

t{Im[w F∂nh Dt]-£n-°pI. C\n `K-hm≥ C{μnb

kwbaw F∂ \mem-asØ LS-IsØ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂p:

bZm kwl-ctX Nmbw

Iq¿tΩm fMvKm\oh k¿Δix

C{μn-bmWn C{μn-bm¿t∞`yx


"Ba Xs‚ AwK-ßsf F√m-bn-SØp\n∂pw D≈n-te°p

]n≥h-en-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, Xs‚ C{μn-b-ßsf Ah-bpsS

hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]n≥h-en-°p∂ BfpsS {]⁄ ÿnc-

am-bn-cn°pw.'

C{μn-b-ßsf Ah-bpsS hnj-b-ß-fn¬ hym]-cn-°m≥

hnS-cpXv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Hcp ]pcp-js‚ Imcy-Øn¬,

hfsc \∂mbn hkv{Xw [cn® Hcp kv{Xosb \nc-Øn¬

sh®p I≠m¬ DSs\ \nß-fpsS IÆp-Isf ]n≥Xn-cn-

°pI; As√-¶n¬, \nß-fpsS a\ v B hy‡n-bm¬

BI¿jn-°-s∏-t´°mw; AYhm, \nß-fpsS ]Xv\n°v

AØcw Hcp hkv{Xw hmßn-s°m-Sp-°m≥ B{K-l-ap-≠m-

2322


tb°mw. Aßs\ AXv \nß-fpsS a\- ns\ Akz-ÿ-

am°pw. AXp-t]mse, \nßƒ hgn-bn¬ \S-°p-tºmƒ Hcp

IS-bn¬ \n∂v AXy¥w hj-fmb ]m´p-Iƒ tI´p-sh-∂n-

cn-°s´; DSs\ AØcw ]m´p-Iƒ tIƒ°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v

{ih-tW-{μn-bsØ ]n≥h-en-°Ww. Ah \nß-fpsS

a\ n¬ B ka-bØpw, ]n∂oSv Ah-bpsS Hm¿Ω

hcp-tºmgpw, NoØ kwkvIm-c-ßƒ D≠m°pw. hgnsb

t]mIp∂ Hcp Ba Fs¥-¶nepw XS w I≠m¬ DSs\

AXns‚ Xebpw Imep-Ifpw ]pd-wtXm-Sn-\p-≈n-te°p

]n≥h-en°pw. AtX-t]mse, \mw cq]w, i_vZw, ckw,

kv]¿iw F∂n-ßs\ GsX-¶nepw C{μn-b-hn-j-b-hp-ambn

_‘-s∏-Sm≥ CS-h-∂m¬ DSs\ IÆv, sNhn XpS-ßnb

AXm-Xn-{μn-b-ßsf B hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]n≥h-en-

°Ww; As√-¶n¬ Ah B ka-bØp am{X-a√, B

hnj-b-kv]¿i-ßƒ ImcWw D≠mb kwkvIm-c-ß-fm¬

]n∂oSpw, Akz-ÿ-amhpw.

_p≤-`-K-hm-s‚-b-SpØv ]Øp-sIm√w ]Tn-®p-sIm-≠n-

cp∂ Hcp `n£p kwLwhn´v tZim-S\w sNbvXv [¿Ωw

{]N-cn-∏n-°-W-sa∂v B{K-ln-®p-ht{X. bm{X]d-bp∂

ka-bØv At±lw _p≤-t\mSv Fs¥-¶nepw D]-tZiw

X\n°v \evI-W-sa∂v At]-£n®p. _p≤≥ ]d™p:

"GsX-¶nepw kv{Xosb I≠m¬ Ahsf t\m°msX

IÆp-Isf ]n≥Xn-cn-°Ww.' _p≤s‚ {]nb injy-\mb

B\-μ≥ tNmZn®p: "`K-h≥, Ct±-l-Øn\v at‰-bmƒ

kv{XobmtWm ]pcp-j-\mtWm F∂-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v icn-bmbn

t\m°t≠?' _p≤≥ ]d™p: "icn, ImWp-∂-Xnepw

sX‰n√. ]t£, Hcn-°epw Hcp kv{Xosb sXm´p-t]m-I-

cpXv.' ho≠pw B\-μ≥ ]d™p: "Hcp kv{Xo sh≈-Øn¬

apßn-®m-hp-I-bm-sW-¶nepw `n£p Ahsf c£n®p

Icbv°p sIm≠p-h-tc≠; As√-¶n¬, Hcp kv{Xo hgnbn¬

t_m[w sI´p-In-S-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ `n£p Ah-fpsS

t_m[-£bw am‰m≥ {ian-t°≠, F∂mtWm Aßp

]d-bp-∂Xv?' _p≤≥ ho≠pw Btem-Nn®p ]d™p:

"icn. CØcw {]tXyI ]cn -Xx -ÿn-Xn -I -fn¬ B

hy‡nsb sXmSp-∂-Xn¬ tZmj-an√. F∂m¬, Hcp Imcyw

{i≤n-°Ww. Ft∏mgpw ]q¿Æ-t_m-[-h-\m-bn-cn-°Ww.'

Ba hgn-bn¬ F¥n-s\-sb-¶nepw I≠m¬ DSs\

Xs‚ ]pdw-tXm-Sn-∂p-≈n-te°v hen-bp∂p. CXpXs∂-

bmWv Hcp km[-I\pw sNtø-≠Xv. hnjw Ign-®m¬

am{Xta Hcp-hs\ sIm√p-∂p≈q; F∂m¬ hnj-b-ßƒ,

Ahsb I≠m¬, As√-¶n¬, kv]¿in-®m¬Øs∂ Hcp-

hs\ (B[ym-fln-I-ambn) sIm√p∂p F∂v i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿

hnthI-Nq-Um-a-Wn-bn¬ ]d-bp∂p. Aßs\, Ba a\-

ns‚ ÿnc-X-bpsS {]Xo-I-amWv. `mK-h-X-Øn¬ tZhm-

kp-c-∑m¿ AarXp e`n-°m-\mbn ]mem-gn- I-S-bp∂ IY-

bp≠v. IS-tIm-embn D]-tbm-Kn® aμ-c-]¿ΔXw h√msX

CfIn apßm≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ `K-hm≥ Ba-bpsS

cq]-sa-SpØv (Iq¿Ωm-h-Xmcw) aμ-c-]¿Δ-X-Øn\v Dd®

Xmßmbn \n∂p.

hn´p-t]m-Im≥ hnj-a-amb hnj-b-ckw

ITn-\-tcmKw _m[n® Hcmƒ°v Blmcw, As√-¶n¬,

BI¿j-I-ß-fmb a‰v hkvXp-°ƒ F∂nh ImWp-tºmƒ

Xmev]cyw tXm∂p-∂n√; Abm-fpsS C{μn-b-ßƒ \nb-{¥n-

2524


X-ß-fmWv. Abm-fpsS {]⁄ ÿnc-am-sb∂v CXn-\¿∞-

apt≠m? C√. C{μn-b-ßƒ {]Xym-lr-X-ß-fmWv; cq]w,

ckw, kv]¿iw, K‘w, i_vZw F∂o hnjb-ß-fm-Ip∂

Blmcw Ahbv°p e`n-°p-∂n√ F¶nepw hnj-b-ß-tfm-

Sp≈ am\-knIkwKw (Bk‡n) A{X Ffp-∏-Øn¬

hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂n√. `K-hm≥ t\csØ ]d-™Xpt]mse,

Cu Bk‡n Dt]-£n-°p-∂Xv Bh-iy-amWv. `K-hm≥

XpS¿∂p ]d-bp∂p:

hnj-bm- hn-\n-h¿Øt¥

\ncm-lm-c-ky- tZ-ln\x

ck-h¿Pw ctkmf]yky

]cw-ZrjvSzm \nh¿ØtX (2.59)

"Hcmƒ Xs‚ C{μn-b-ßsf hnj-bm-\p-`-h-Øn¬ \n∂v

Xosc AI-‰n-\n¿Øp-tºmƒ, XyPn-°-s∏´ B hnj-b-ßƒ

amdn \nev°p∂p F¶nepw, hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈ kq£va-amb

cpNn, As√-¶n¬ kpJm-\p-`-h-Øns‚ kwkvImcw, \ne-

\n-ev°pI Xs∂ sNøp∂p. ]c-a-k-XysØ km£m¬°-

cn-°p-tºmƒ Cu kq£va-amb ckhpw Xosc hn´p-am-dp∂p.'

GXp km[-I\pw Pohn-X-Øn¬ Nne hnj-b-kp-J-

ßƒ A\p-`-hn-®n-cn°pw. t\c-sØ-bp-≠mb B kpJm-

\p-`-h-Øns‚ ckw a\- n¬ AXns‚ kwkvIm-csØ

Df-hm-°p∂p. Imbw kq£n-®n-cp∂ `c-Wn-bn¬ \n∂v

Imbw apgp-h≥ FSp-Øp-am-‰n-bmepw B aWw _m°n

\nev°p∂p. AXp-t]mse, \mw Ba-sb-t∏mse C{μn-b-

ßsf hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]n≥h-en®v H∂pw ImWp-Itbm

aW-°p-Itbm kv]¿in-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂n-s√-¶nepw B

hnjbm-\μw, ckw, a\- n¬ AXns‚ ap{Z ]Xn-∏n-°p∂p.

Hcp \nan-j-t\-csØ _‘w, £Wn-I-amb Hcp t\m´w

AYhm kv]¿iw aXn AXns‚ ckw a\- n¬ Ahtijn

∏n°m≥.

Hcp IY-bp≠v. c≠p bph-k-\ym-kn-am¿ H∂n®p bm{X

sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. Ah¿°v hgn-bn¬ Hcp ]pg IS-°m-

\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]pg-bn¬ Ac-hsc sh≈-ap≠v. kpμ-cn-

bmb Hcp bphXn ssII-fn¬ \ndsb kmam-\-ß-fp-ambn

AhnsS \n∂n-cp∂p. Ahƒ°v A°-c-bn-ep≈ ̀ ¿Xr-Krl-

Øn¬ t]mIWw. Fßs\ ]pg-I-S-°p-sa∂v Nn¥n-®p

-\n-ev°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Ahƒ. kmcn \\™p hrØn-

tISm-hmsX `¿Xr-Kr-l-Øn-se-Ø-W-sa∂v Ah-fm-{K-

ln®p. {]mbw Ipd™ k∂ym-kn-tbmSv Ahƒ Xs∂bpw

kmam\-ß-tfbpw \\-bmsX A°sc FØn-°m≥ At]-

£n®p. At±lw Ahsf klm-bn®p. at‰ k∂ymkn

AXr-]vXn-tbmsS AXp t\m°n\n∂p. c≠p k∂ym-kn-

amcpw ]pg-bpsS adp-I-c-bn¬ Hcp k{X-Øn¬ cm{Xn

Xmakn®p, B kv{Xosb ssIbn-se-SpØv adp-I-sc-sb-

Øn-®Xp-aqew {_“-N-cy-{hXw ewLn® k∂ymkn F¥p

henb sX‰mWv sNbvXXv F∂m-bn-cp∂p apXn¿∂

k∂ymkn hfsc t\cw Nn¥n-®Xv. cmhnse At±-l-Øn\v

Xs‚ AXr]vXn {]I-Sn-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ km[y-a-√m-Xmbn.

At±lw bph-k-∂ym-kn-tbmSv B kv{Xo°v hfsc `mc-

ap≠m-bn-cp-∂pthm F∂p tNmZn®p. At±lw ]d™p:

"Rm≥ Ahsf GXm\pw \nan-j-ßƒ am{X-amWv hln-

®Xv. F∂m¬ cm{Xn apgp-h≥ Ahsf a\- n¬ hln-®p-

sIm-≠n-cp∂ Aß°v A°mcyw IqSp-X¬ Adn-tb-≠-

XmWv.'

2726


hnj-b-ßƒ a\- n¬ Ahtijn∏n°p∂ ckw

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ah-bn-ep≈ Bk‡n Xs∂-bmWv. Cu

kq£va-amb Bk-‡nbpw t]mIWw. ]c-a-k-XysØ,

"Rm≥ AXp-X-s∂-bmWv' F∂v km£m¬°-cn-°p-tºmƒ

am{Xta AXp t]mIq. Cu ]q¿Æ-km-£m¬°mcw ssIh-

cp-∂Xp-hsc Xm≥ hnj-b-ß-fpsS BI¿j-W-Øn¬

\n∂v XnI®pw ap‡-\m-sW∂v Bcpw hnNm-cn-°-cpXv. B

km£m¬°mcw e`n® Bƒ {_“-kz-cq-]-\mbn h¿Øn-

°p∂p. Xm≥ e£y-Øn-seØn F∂p Nn¥n-°m≥ At±l

-Øn\v Hcp {]tXyI hy‡nXzw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂n√.

hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v AI∂p\n∂-Xp-sIm≠p am{X-

am-bn√, hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈ Bk‡n ˛ ckw ˛ IqSn C√m-

Xm-IWw, As√-¶n¬ AXv a\- ns\ Akz-ÿ-am°pw.

C°m-cy-Øn¬ \nc-¥-c-amb PmK-cq-IX Bh-iy-amWv.

Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v F√m Bk-‡n-I-

tfbpw hmk-\-I-tfbpw D∑q-e\w sNø-W-sa∂v Hcp

hiØpw, Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw e`n-®mte Ah icn°pw

C√m-Xm-hp-I-bp≈q F∂v adp-h-iØpw ]d-bp-∂Xv Hcp

hnj-a-hr-Ø-am-hp∂p. km[-\-bpsS L´-Øn¬Øs∂,

kz]-cn-{iaw sIm≠pw Kpcp-hn-t‚bpw Cuiz-c-t‚bpw Ir]-

sIm≠pw an° Bk-‡n-I-tfbpw C√m-Xm-°Ww; C√m-

Xm-°m≥ km[y-amWv. k’wKw, a{¥-P]w, ]c-am-flm-hn-

t\mSv, As√-¶n¬, \ΩpsS CjvS-tZ-h-X-tbmSv sNøp∂

{]m¿∞\ F∂nh \ap°v AXy¥w D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amWv

F∂mWv Fs‚ kz¥w A\p-`hw. B kXy-h-kvXp-hns\

Bflm-sht∂m, ]c-am-flm-sht∂m, inh-s\t∂m, hnjvWp-

sht∂m F¥p- t]cp hnfn-®mepw, AXns\ `mh\

sNøp-∂Xv AItØm ]pdtØm BsW-¶nepw, B

t_m[w \ΩpsS Bflm¿∞-amb {]m¿∞-\bv°v {]Xn-

I-cn-°p∂p. km[-\m-L-´-Øn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw XS- tam

kwi-btam ImWp-tºmƒ {]m¿∞-\-sIm≠v Ahsb

\o°m≥ Xo¿®-bmbpw km[n°pw. C°m-cy-Øn¬ F\n°v

]e A\p-`-h-ßfpw D≠m-bn-´p≠v. Xo{h-amb km[-\-

sIm≠v a\ v Bflm-hn¬ Dd-®p-I-gn-™m¬ hmk-\-I-

sf√mw \ma-dn-bmsX Xs∂ £bn®p XpSßpw. km[-\-

Iƒs°√mw tijhpw Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ kq£va-amb

ckw {]h¿ØI-am-hmsX _oP-cq-]-Øn¬ InS°pw; \mw

kZm PmK-cq-Icm-bn-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬, Aev]-amb hnj-b-

kv]¿iw sIm≠p-t]mepw AXv {]h¿Ø-I-am-sb-∂-hcpw.

C{μn-b-ß-fpsS i‡n

C{μn-b-kw-baw IqSmsX ÿnX-{]-⁄-X-bpsS

kmcamb kayKv Z¿i\w, icn-bmb ⁄m\w, D≠m-hn√.

CXmWv `K-hm≥ C\n ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv:

bX-tXm-ly]n Iut¥b

]pcp-j-ky -hn-]-›nXx

C{μn-bmWn {]am-Yo\n

lc¥n {]k`w a\x (2.60)

Xm\n k¿ΔmWn kwbay

bp‡ BkoX aXv]cx

hti -ln- b-tky-{μn-bmWn


"tl A¿÷p\m, hnth-In-bmb Hcmƒ hfsc ]cn-{i-

an -°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw, C{μn-b-ßƒ AXn-i-‡-ßfpw

2928


Abmsf Atß-b‰w ]nSn-®n-f-°m≥ Ign-hp-≈-hbpw

Bb-Xp-Im-cWw, Ah a\- ns\ _e-ambn (Bfl-[ym-\-

Øn¬ \n∂v) hgn sX‰n-°p∂p.

a\- ns\ F√m ka-bØpw Cuiz-c-\n¬ ̀ ‡n-]q¿Δw

\n¿Øn C{μn-b-ßsf ]q¿Æ-ambn kwb-a\w sNbvXp-

sh-°p∂ hy‡n-bpsS {]⁄- ÿn-c-am-sW∂v ]d-bp∂p.'

C°mcyw t\csØ ]d-™-Xm-sW-¶nepw `K-hm≥

AXns‚ {]m[m\yw ChnsS FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-I-bmWv. c≠m-

a-[ymbw 68-˛mw t«mI-Øn¬ `K-hm≥ ho≠pw C{μn-b-

kw-b-a-Øns‚ Bh-iy-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂p≠v.

km[-\-bpsS Hcp L´-Ønepw hnj-b-ß-tfmSv

X\n°p≈ BI¿jWw C√m-Xmbn F∂v km[-I≥

hnNmcn-°-cpXv. C{μn-b-ßƒ kabw ImØn-cn-°p∂p.

hmevao-In-cm-am-bW-Øn¬ hmevaoIn, amlm-fly-sa√mw

C√m-Xmbn. cW-̀ q-an-bn¬ acn-®p-In-S-°p∂ cmh-Ws\ I≠v

hne-]n-°p∂ atfim-Z-cnsb h¿Æn-°p-∂p≠v. atfim-Zcn

]d-bp∂p: "tl cmhWm, (X]- p-sN-øp∂ ImeØv) Aßv

C{μn-b-ß-sf-sb√mw Pbn-®n-cp∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv

Aßbv°v ss{Xtem-Iym-[n-]Xyw e`n-®Xv. C{μn-b-ßƒ

]Icw ho´m≥ ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂p tXm∂p∂p.

AXp-sIm≠v Aßv Aev]w A{i≤ ImWn-®-t∏mƒ Ah

Aßbv°v Cu ITn-\-amb B]Øp hcpØn.' C{μn-b-ß-

fpsS taep≈ ]nSn \nan-j-t\-cw-t]mepw Ab-®p-hn-S-cpXv;

"km[-I-\mb Rm≥' C√m-Xmbn, "Rm≥ Fs‚ C{μn-b-

ßsf AS°n\n¿Øp∂p' F∂p hnNm-cn-°m≥ Bcpw

C√m-Xm-hp-∂-Xp-hsc km[\ XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°Ww.

hymk-a-l¿jn-sb-∏‰n Hcp IY-bp≠v. Hcp Znhkw

At±lw ssPan\n F∂ injy\v Xmsg ]d-bp∂ hcnIƒ.

hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p.

_e-hm≥ C{μn-b-{Kmtam

hnZzmw-k-a]n I¿jXn

"C{μn-b-ßƒ hfsc i‡n-a-ØmWv. Ah Adn-hp-≈-hs\-

t∏mepw hen-®p-Xm-gvØp∂p.' ssPan\n B hcn-Isf i‡n-

tbmsS FXn¿Øv Ah Cß-s\-bm-h-W-sa∂p ]d™p:


hnZzmwkw Xp \ I¿jXn

"C{μn-b-ßƒ i‡n-a-Øm-sW-¶nepw Ahbv°v Adn-hp≈

Hcmsf hen-®p-Xm-gvØm≥ km[y-a√.' Xm≥ AXn-s\mcp

DZm-l-c -W-am -sW∂pw At±lw ]d™p. hymk≥

AXns\-Xncp ]d-™n√. B{iaw Hcp h≥Im-́ n-em-bn-cp∂p.

Hcn°¬ hymk≥ ssPan -\nsb B{i-a -Øn -em°n

GXm\pw-\mƒ Fhn-sStbm t]mbn. A∂p-cm{Xn ITn-\-

ambn ag-s]-bvXp-Xp-Sßn. GI-tZiw Hº-Xp-a-Wn°v Btcm

hmXn-en¬ apń. ssPan\n hmXn¬ Xpd-∂-t∏mƒ kpμ-cn-

bmb Hcp bphXn ag-sIm≠v hnd®v, hkv{X-ß-sf√mw

\\™v ico-c-Øn¬ Hń-∏n-Sn® \ne-bn¬ \nev°p-∂Xp

I≠p. hoń-te-°p≈ hgn- sX-‰n-t∏m-b-Xp-Im-cWw A∂p-

cm{Xn AhnsS Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ahƒ A\p-hmZw

tNmZn®p. Ah-fpsS kuμ-cy-Øn¬ apKv[-\mbn \n∂

ssPan\n Ahsf AIØv {]th-in-∏n®p. At±lw

Ahƒ°v DW-ßnb hkv{X-ßƒ sImSpØp. AIsØ

apdn-bn¬ Ahƒ°v InS-s∏m-cp°n At±lw IpSn-ens‚

]pdsØ hcm-¥-bn¬ InS∂p. Ah-fpsS kuμ-cy-sØ-

3130


∏‰n Nn¥n®v At±-l-Øn-\p-d-ßm≥ km[n-®n√. A¿≤-

cm-{Xn-bn¬ At±lw ]pc-∏p-d-Øp-I-bdn AhnsS Hcp

Xpf-bp-≠m°n B bph-Xn-bpsS apdn-bn-te°p NmSn.

Ahƒ Aº-c-s∂-gp-t∂‰p. ssPan\n Ahsf Benw-K\w

sNøm≥ {ian-®-t∏mƒ ssIbn¬ Bcp-sStbm XmSnaoi-

s]´p. apºn¬ \nev°p-∂Xv kpμ-cn-bmb bph-Xn-b√, Xs‚

hμy-Kpcp hymk-\m-sW∂p I≠p. At±lw \mWn-®p-

t]mbn. hymk≥ ]p©n-cn-tbmsS tNmZn®p: "\mw A∂v

N¿®-sNbvX hcn -Iƒ Xncp -Ø-W-sa∂v Ct∏mgpw

tXm∂p∂pt≠m?' ssPan\n ]d™p: "DΔv, Kptcm. ]t£

thsdmcp coXn-bn-emWv Xncp-tØ-≠Xv.


hnZzmwka]n I¿jXn I¿jXn I¿j-tXyh

_e-h-Ømb C{μn-b-ßƒ hnth-In-bmb Hcm-sf-

t∏mepw Xmtg°v hen-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-hp-I-Xs∂ sNøp∂p.

\nc-¥c-amb CuizckvacW ˛ Bfl-kva-cW ˛ Xs∂-

bmWv AXns\ Pbn-°m-\p≈ hgn. \nß-fpsS a\ v

]q¿Æ-amb t{]a-tØmSpw `‡n-tbmSpw IqSn \nc-¥cw

Cuiz-c-\p-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°s´ ˛ Aßs\ \nßƒ

"bp‡'\mbn-Øo-cWw, Cuiz-c-\p-ambn H∂m-hWw.

KoX-bn¬ 6 -˛mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ 8-˛mw t«mI-Øn¬

"bp‡'s‚ \n¿h-N\w sImSp-Øn-´p≠v.

⁄m\-hn-⁄m-\-Xr-]vXmflm

IqStÿm hnPn-tX-{μnbx

bp‡ CXyp-NytX tbmKo

ka-tem-jvSmiva Im©\x

imkv{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂p e`n® Adn-hp-sIm≠pw Ahsb

A`y-kn-®-Xp-sIm≠v e`n-°p∂ A\p-̀ -hw-sIm≠pw kwXr-

]vX-\m-b-h\pw, AXy¥w ssÿcy-ap-≈-h\pw, C{μn-b-

kw-baw ssIh-∂-h\pw, Hcp]nSn aÆn-t\bpw kz¿Æ-

tØbpw Hcp-t]mse ImWp-∂-h\pw Bb hy‡n-bmWv

"bp‡≥'. {iocm-a-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k≥ Hcp ssIbn¬

kz¿Æ-\m-Wy-ßfpw at‰-Xn¬ Aev]w aÆpw FSpØv

c≠n-t\bpw KwK-bn-te°v "CXv s]m∂v, CXv aÆv' F∂p

]d™v Fdn-™-Xmbn ]d-bp∂p. temI-Øn-ep≈ Hcp

hkvXp-hn\pw, AXv atÆm s]mt∂m Bhs´, hne

-I-ev]n-°m-Xm-hWw F∂-XmWv Dt±iw.

kz]v\-Øn¬ \mw ImWp∂ B\bpw Nps≠-enbpw,

As√-¶n¬ Hcp hne-]n-Sn® tIm´pw Xqhm-ebpw kXy-

a-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠pw Ah-sIm≠v {]tXyIw {]tbm-P-\-

sam∂pw C√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠pw Ahbv°v {]tXyIw

aqey-an√. AtX-t]mse, Hcp km[-I\v Cuiz-c-t\m-S-√msX

bmsXm-cm-I¿j-Whp-an√; Cuiz-c-\-√msX as‰m∂pw

hnes∏-´-X√; ImcWw, a‰p hkvXp-°-sf√mw kz]v\-

kam\w Ab-Ym¿∞-ß-fmWv. ChnsS, bp‡≥ F∂m¬

Cuiz-c-\n¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn GIm-{KX ]pe¿Øp∂ Hcmƒ

F∂m-W¿∞w. euIn-I-h-kvXp-°ƒ°p-]-Icw Cuiz-c

-\m-hWw Abm-fpsS t{]a-Øn\pw `‡n°pw Bkv]Zw.

k¿Δ-\m-i-Øns‚ hgn

ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh-cp-∂-Xn\v Bfl-kw-baw AXy-

¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv. AXp-sIm≠v `Khm≥ C{μn-b-kw-baw

C√mØ Hcmƒ°v h∂p-tN-cm-hp∂ hn]-Øn-s\-°p-dn®v

]d-bp∂p.

3332


[ymb-tXm-hn-j-bm≥ ]pwkx

kwK-kvtX-jq-]-Pm-btX

kwKmXv kwPm-btX Imax

ImamXv t{Imt[m f`nPm-btX (2.62)

t{Im[mXv `hXn ktΩmlx

ktΩm-lmXv kvarXn hn{àx

kvarXn-{`w-imXv _p≤n-\mtim

_p≤n-\m-imXv {]W-iyXn (2.63)

"C{μn-b-hn-j-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂

Hcph\v Ah-bn¬ Bk‡n P\n-°p∂p. Bk-‡n-bn¬

\n∂v B{K-lhpw B{K-l-Øn¬ \n∂v t{Im[hpw D≠m-

hp∂p. t{Im[-Øn¬ \n∂v tamlw P\n-°p∂p. taml-

Øn¬ \n∂v kvarXn-\m-ihpw X∑qew _p≤n-\m-ihpw

D≠m-hp∂p. _p≤n-\m-i-Øm¬ Ah≥ ]q¿Æ-ambn \in-

°p∂p.'

BI¿j-I-amb Hcp hkvXp-hns\ ImWp-∂Xv,

Ak`y-amb Hcp ]m´p-tIƒ°p-∂Xv, Hcp bph-Xnsb

(kv{XobpsS Imcy-Øn¬, bphm-hns\) kv]¿in-°p-∂Xv

XpS-ßn-bh, B hnj-b-ß-sf-∏-‰n-Øs∂ Hm¿Øp-sIm-≠n-

cn-°pI, hnjb-h-kvXp-°-fn¬ \n∂p-≠mb kpJw Hm¿Øv

]q¿Δ-Im-esØ kvacn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pI F∂n-h-t]mse

A{X tZmj-I-c-a√. CØcw hnj-b-Nn-¥-sIm≠v Ah-bn-

ep≈ Bk‡n hf-cp∂p. CtX XØz-a-\p-k-cn®v, \nc-

¥cw Cuiz-cs\ kvacn-°p-Ibpw [ym\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-

sIm-≠n-cp-∂m¬ \ap°v Cuiz-c-\n¬ t{]a-ap-≠m-hp-Ibpw

Ah-km\w \mw Cuiz-c-\n¬ ebn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

`mK-hXw ]d-bp∂p: "\nc-¥cw euIn-I-h-kvXp-°sf

Nn¥n®psIm-≠n-cp-∂m¬ a\ v Ah-bn¬ apgpIpw. Fs∂

(Cuiz-cs\) kZm kvacn-°p-∂-h≥ F∂n¬Øs∂

ebn°pw.'

hnj-bm≥ [ymb-X-›nØw

hnj-tbjp hnj-÷tX

ama-\p-kva-c-X-›nØw

atøh {]hn-eo-btX (11.14.27)

hnj-b-[ym\w am{X-a√ B{K-l-ß-fp-≠m-°p∂

Bk-‡n°p ImcWw; hnj-b-hp-ambn Ipd-®p-Imew

_‘w ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ Bk-‡n°p Imc-W-am-

hp∂p. \nßƒ°v ]m›m-Xy-kw-KoXw CjvS-a-s√-∂n-cn-

°s´; Hcp h¿j-°mew Znh-tk\ Ht∂m ct≠m aWn°q¿

AXp-tI-´p -sIm-≠n-cp -∂m¬ \nßƒ°-Xn-jvS-amhpw.

]∂n-Isf CjvS-a-s√∂p sh°pI; Hcp ]∂n-°p-ńsb

hmßn hoń¬ hf¿Øp-Ibpw, Znh-tk\ Ipd-®p-k-abw

AXns‚ IqsS Ifn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬, hncq-]-sa∂p

Icp-Xnb B arK-tØbpw \nßƒ kvt\ln®p XpSßpw.

AXv HmSn-t∏m-bm¬ \nßƒ°v AXns‚ A`mhw h√msX

A\p-`-h-s∏Spw.

GsX-¶nepw Ejn ITn-\-X-]- n¬ G¿s∏-´m¬, Xs‚

ÿm\w t\Sm-\mtWm At±lw Hcp-sº-Sp-∂Xv F∂v

C{μ≥ Bi-¶n-°p-∂-Xmbn ]pcm-W-ß-fn¬ ]e IY-Ifpw

ImWmw. At±lw AXp-sIm≠v kpμ-cn-am-cmb A]vk-c

p-Isf Ejn-bpsS apºn¬ \rØw sNbvXv a\w-a-b°n

At±-l-Øns‚ X]- p- ap-S-°m-\mbn Abbv°pw. Hcn-°¬

ku`cn F∂ al¿jn P\-k-º¿°w Hgn-hm-°m-\mbn Hcp

\Zn-bn¬ apßn AhnsS At\Iw h¿j-ßƒ kam-[n-bn¬

3534


Ign®p. Hcp Znhkw At±lw IÆp-Xp-d-∂-t∏mƒ ao\-

anYp-\-ßƒ Ip™p-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn can-°p-∂-XmWv I≠Xv.

B Hscm‰ t\m´w sIm≠v Hcp I\y-Isb hnhmlw Ign®v

Ip´n-I-fp-ambn can-°p-hm≥ At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬ i‡n-

bmb B{Klw s]m¥n-h∂p. Zo¿L-Im-esØ Bfl-

kw-baw Hscm‰ \nanjw sIm≠v ]d-]-d∂p. At±lw

AhnsS \ns∂-gp-t∂‰p am‘mXm F∂ cmPm-hns‚

ASpØp-t]mbn Hcp I\y-Isb hnhm-l-Øn\p tNmZn®p.

Ima-Øns‚ Xs∂ IqS-∏n-d-∏mWv t{Im[w. t{Im[

-h-i-K-\m-hp-tºmƒ F¥mWv ]d-bp-∂Xpw sNøp-∂Xpw

F∂v t_m[-an-√m-Xm-hp∂p. Ah≥ {Ip≤-\m-hp-I-b√,

t{Im[w Xs∂-bm-hp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv. A{X-am{Xw

t{Im[-hp-ambn H∂m-bn-Øo-cp∂p. aq∂mw A[ym-b-Øns‚

Ah-km-\-Øn¬ A¿÷p-\≥ IrjvW-t\mSv tNmZn-°p∂p:

"F¥n-\m¬ t{]cn-X-\m-bn-´mWv a\p-jy≥ ]m]w

sNøp-∂Xv? Ahs‚ a\x-km£n FXn-cmbn \nev°p--∂p-

s≠-¶nepw GtXm -]n-imNp _m[n-®m-se-∂-t]mse Ah≥

]m]w sNøp∂p.' I¿Ω-hm-k-\-°p -Im-c-W-amb ctPm-

KpW-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠m-hp∂ Imahpw t{Im[-hp-amWv

AØcw ]m]-I¿Ω-ßƒ°p- Im-cWw; Ima˛t{Im[-ßƒ

\ΩpsS alm-i-{Xp-°-fmWv F∂mWv IrjvWs‚ adp-]Sn.

(KoX 3.37)

Ima Gj t{Im[ Gj

ctPmKpWkapZv`hx

almit\m alm]m]vam

hnt≤y\anl sshcnWw (3.37)

Ima-t{Im-[-ß-fpsS Kuc-h-kz-`m-hhpw tZmj-^-e-

ßfpw a\- n-em-°n-bm¬ Ahsb t\cn´v \in-∏n-°p-∂-

sX-ßs\ F∂ {][m-\ -{]iv\w Db-cp∂p. aq∂m-a-[ymbw

41, 43 t«mI-ß-fn¬ `K-hm≥ AXn-\p≈ ]c-a-amb ]cn-

lmcw \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p≠v.

XkvamXv Xzan-{μn-bm-WymZu

\nbay `c-X¿j`

]m]vam\w {]Pln tly\w

⁄m\-hn-⁄m\ \mi\w (3.41)

Ghw _pt≤x ]cw _p≤zm

kwkvX-`ym-flm\w Bfl\m

Pln i{Xpw alm-_mtlm

Ima-cq]w Zpcm-kZw (3.43)

"AXp-sIm≠v \o BZyw C{μn-b-ßsf \nb-a\w sNbvXv

⁄m\-hn-⁄m-\-ßsf \in-∏n-°p∂ Cu ]m]nsb l\n-

°pI. Bfl-kw-b-a-tØmsS _p≤n-°-∏p-d-Øp≈ kXy-

h-kvXp-hns\ Adn™v, Pbn-°m≥ hnj-a-amb Ima-cq-]-

Øn-ep≈ Cu i{Xp-hns\ l\n-°pI.'

C{μn-b-ßƒ°v Ah-bpsS hnj-b-tØm-Sp-ff _‘w

sIm≠mWv Imaw Db-cp-∂Xv. (DZm: aq°v akm-e-tZm-i-

bpsS aW-ta-ev°p∂p.) AXp-sIm≠v BZyw C{μn-b-ßsf

kwb-a\w sNøWw. Ah BI¿j-I-ß-fmb hkvXp-°-

fpsS he-bn¬s]S-cpXv. C{μn-b-ßƒ hnj-b-ß-sf-∏-‰n-

bp≈ hnhcw a\- n∂p sImSp-°p∂p; a\ v Ah-sb-∏‰n

Nn¥n-°m≥ XpS-ßp∂p. AXp-sIm≠v a\- ns\ B Nn¥-

I-fn¬ \n∂p hnSpØn Bfl-[ym-\-Øn¬ Dd-∏n-°Ww.

3736


a\ n\v ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ hnt£-]-ap-≠m-°p∂ ]e-Xcw

hnt\m-Z-ßfpw ]c-ky-ß-fp-ap≈ C°m-eØv Cu am¿§w

hnP-b-I-c-ambn kzoI-cn-°m≥ ]e¿°pw km[y-am-hn√.

B{K-l-ßƒ, {]tXy-In®pw Ima-hn-Imcw, BWv F{X

km[\ sNbvXmepw km[-Is\ G‰hpw HSp-hn¬ hn´p-

t]m-Ip-∂Xv. hfsc hb- p-sN-∂mepw Ima-hn-Imcw

]pd-ta°p \nc-p]-{Z-h-amb coXn-I-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂p.

(]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬) bph-Xn-I-tfmSv kzIm-cy-ambn

kwkm-cn-°pI, Ahsc Xami ]d™v Nncn-∏n-°pI, A\p-

{K-ln-°m-s\-∂-t]mse Ah-cpsS Xe-bnepw Ihn-fnepw

sXm´p-X-tem-SpI CØcw ImgvN-bn¬ \ncp-]-{Z-h-I-c-amb

I¿Ω-ßsf "F´p-hn[w ssaYp-\-ß-fn¬' s]Sp-Øp∂p.

AXp-sIm≠v AØcw I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Hgn-™p-

\nev°Ww. Ima-hn-Imcw DW¿Øp∂ Nn{X-ßƒ ]e-

amkn-I-I-fnepw {]kn-≤o-I-cn®p ImWmw. AØcw amknI

Iƒ t\m°-cpXv. NoØ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ImWn-°p∂ kn\nam

Xntb-‰-dp -Iƒ, Sn.hn. F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂pw AI∂p

\nev°Ww. ̀ £WImcy-Øn¬ KoX 17-̨ mw A[ym-b-Øn¬

hnh-cn-°p∂ cmPk ˛ Xmak `£-W-ßƒ Ign-°-cpXv.

(t«mIw 8, 9, 10).

Hcp t«mI-ap≠v:

hnizm-an-{X- ]-cmi-c-{]-`r-Xbx hmXmw_p ]¿Wm-i\mx

ZrjvSzm kv{Xoap-J-]-¶Pw kpe-fnXw Xss{Xh

tamlw KXmx

imey∂w LrX-Zp-Kv[-]m-b-k-bpXw tb `pwPtX am\hmx

tXjmw C{μn-b-\n-{Ktlm bZn `thXv hn‘y-kvX-tcXv

kmKcw

"hmbp, sh≈w, Ce XpS-ßn-bh `£n-®p- X-] psNbvX

hnizm-an-{X≥, ]cm-i-c≥ XpS-ßnb al¿jn-am¿ kpμ-cn-

am-cmb kv{XoIsf°≠v tamln-®p-t]mbn. s\øv, ]mev

XpS-ßnb t]mj-I-h-kvXp-°ƒ tN¿Ø Acn`£Ww

Ign-°p-∂-h¿°v C{μnb\n{Klw km[n-°m-sa-¶n¬ hn‘y-

]¿ΔXw kap{Zw IS∂v A°-sc-sbØpw.'

Bfl-[y-m\-Øn¬ GIm-{KX ]pe¿Øm≥ km[n-°m-

Ø-h¿ Kpcp-hn¬ \n∂p e`n® a{¥w Ign-bp-∂{X XhW

apS-ßmsX P]n-°p-Ibpw ]qPm-tlm-am-Zn-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-

Ibpw sNøWw. k’wKw sNøWw. Imaw Dƒs∏sS

F√m B{K-l-ßfpw C√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cm≥ \nXyhpw ̀ Khm-

t\mSv {]m¿∞n-°pI. {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ hfsc ^e-{]-Z-amWv.

]pcm-X-\cpw B[p-\n-I-cp-amb alm-flm-°-fpsS Poh-

Ncn{Xw hmbn-°pI. Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ Xo{h-amb

CuizcZ¿i-\m-Imw£, Ah¿ A\p-jvTn® X]ky

XpS-ßn-bh \nßƒ°v {]tNm-Z\w \evIpw. Ah-km-\-

ambn, F∂m¬ hfsc {][m-\-ambn, Kpcp-Ir-] -thWw.

Kpcp-Ir] AXn-a-l-ØmWv, Hcn-°epw ]mgm-hm-Ø-XmWv.

{iocm-a-Ir-jvWs‚ Hcp {][m-\- in-jy≥ Hcn-°¬ At±l-

Øns‚ ASp-tØ-t°mSn, Ima-hn-Imcw Xs∂ s]s´∂v

B{I-an-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p ]d™p. cma-Ir-jvW≥ At±l-

tØmSv \mhp-\o-´m≥ ]d™p; AXn¬ Ima-_o-P-amb ¢ow

F∂ _oPm-£cw FgpXn. AXn\v ImasØ C√m-Xm-

°m-\p≈ Ign-hp≠v. B injy\v ]ns∂ Imtam-]-{Zhw

D≠m-bn√.

I¿Ω-tbmKw, `‡n-tbmKw F∂n-ßs\ \mw A\p-

k-cn-°p∂ tbmK-am¿§w GXm-bmepw, A¥n-a-amb km[\-

3938


]q¿Æ-amb AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ ip≤-t_m-[-Øn¬ h¿Øn-

°p-I-bmWv. ‘I am' F∂-XmWv B Ahÿ ˛ I (Rm≥)

F∂Xv ]q¿Æ-X-bmWv. AhnsS Bflmhv k¿Δ-hym-]-I-

amb AZz-b-{_-“-Øn¬ hne-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p. AXv km[-

\bpw (am¿§w) BWv, e£y-hp-amWv. imkv{X-ßƒ \n¿t±-

in-®n-´p-ff GXp am¿§hpw \sΩ B ]c-a-k-Xy-Øn-se-

Øn-°p-sa-∂Xv Xo¿®-bmWv.

ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ Xs∂ KpWm-Xo-X≥

KoX F√m tbmK-ß-fp-tSbpw Hcp kpμc ka-\z-b-

amWv. Cu ÿnX{]⁄-e-£-W-ß-sf√mw ⁄m\

(kmwJy) tbmK-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ \n∂p-≈-XmWv.

`K-hm≥ CtX hnjbw {]]-©-Øns‚ aqe-L-S-I-ß-fmb

kØzw, cP v, Xa v F∂o {XnKp-W-ß-fpsS ImgvN-

∏mSn¬ \n∂pw hnh-cn-°p-∂p≠v. ]Xn-∂memw A[ym-b-

Øns‚ A¥y-Øn¬ A¿÷p-\≥ KpWm-Xo -Xs\

Fßs\ Xncn-®-dnbmw, At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-coXn

F¥mWv, B Ahÿ Fßs\ {]m]n°mw F∂p tNmZn-

°p-∂p≠v. KpWm-Xo-Xs‚ hnh-cWw ÿnX-{]-⁄-t‚Xp

Xs∂-bm-sW∂v `K-hms‚ adp-]-Sn-bn¬ \n∂p ImWmw.

kaZpxJkpJx kzÿx

katemjvSmivaIm©\x

Xpey{]nbm{]ntbm [oc˛

kvXpey\nμmflkwkvXpXnx (14.24)

ka-Nn-ØX, kpJ-Zpx-J-ßsf ka-ambn ImWpI,

aÆn-t\bpw s]m∂n-t\bpw H∂p-t]mse Icp-XpI, CjvSm-

\n-jvS-ßƒ (cmK-tZz-j-ßƒ) C√m-Xn-cn-°pI, \nμbpw

kvXpXnbpw Xpey-ambn Icp-XpI F∂n-h-bmWv KpWm-

Xo-Xs‚ {][m\ e£-W-ßƒ. KpWm-Xo-X≥ kZm Bfl-

\n-jvT-\m-bn-cn-°Ww (kzÿ≥); hnjb-ß-fpsS ]n∂mse

t]mI-cpXv. c≠m-a-[ymbw 55, 56, 57 F∂o t«mI-ß-fn¬

hnh-cn® ÿnX-{]-⁄-e-£W-ßƒ Xs∂-bm-Wnh.

KpW-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-Øn¬ \n∂v kzX-{¥-\mhp-tºmƒ

am{Xta Hcmƒ ap‡\pw Aa-c\pw Bhp-∂p≈q (14.20).

ÿnX-{]-⁄X F∂ Ahÿ "{_m“o-ÿnXn' ({_“-

Øns‚ Ahÿ) Xs∂-bm-sW∂pw A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn-se-

¶nepw AX-\p-`-hn-°p∂ Bƒ ap‡-\mbn ]c-a-k-XysØ

{]m]n-°p∂p F∂pw `Khm≥ ]d-bp-∂p≠v (2.72).

Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ [\-k-ºm-Z-\-Ønepw hnj-b

-t`m-K-ß-fnepw Nne-hm-°n-b-tijw acW-i-ø-bn¬ sh®v

ÿnX-{]-⁄-\mhmw F∂p hnNm-cn-°p-∂Xv Akm-[y-

amWv. Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ km[\ sNøWw, AXv

A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn¬ ̂ e-{]-Z-am-tb°mw; As√-¶n¬, ]q¿Δ-

P-∑-ß-fn¬ hfsc km[\ sNbvXn-cn-°Ww.

im¥n-am¿§w

`K-hm≥ XpS¿∂p ]d-bp∂p:

cmK-tZz-j-hn-bp-ss‡kvXp

hnj-bm≥ C{μn-ssb-›-c≥

Bfl-h-ssiy¿ hnt[-bmflm

{]kmZw A[n-K-—Xn (2.64)

"cmK-tZz-j-ßƒ IqSmsX, a\- n-\m¬ \nb-{¥n-X-ß-fmb

C{μn-b-ßsf hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Ncn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xp-

sIm≠v a\p-jy≥ imiz-X-im-¥n-b-S-bp∂p.'

4140


CXp-hsc ]d-™-Xns‚ kmcw am{X-am-WnXv. \mw

temI-Øn-en-cn-°p∂ Ime-tØmfw Znhkw Ccp-]-Øn-

\mep-a-Wn-°qdpw IÆpw sNhnbpw AS®v bmsXmcp

hnjb-kv]¿ihpw IqSmsX Ccn-°pI km[y-a√. ^e-

a\p-`-hn-°msX I¿Ωw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ipi-e-X-sb-∏‰n

KoX t\csØ ]d-bp-∂p≠v. AXp-t]mse, temI-tØmSpw

hnj-b-ß-tfmSpw CS-s]-Sp∂Xnepw Hcp Ipi-e-X-bp≠v.

\nß-fpsS apºn¬ h∂ptNcp∂ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \nß-fpsS

C{μn-b-ßsf Ncn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°pI; F∂m¬ Ah-tbm-

sSm∂pw cmKtam tZzjtam C√m-Xn-cn-°m≥ {i≤n-°pI.

]q¿Δ-hm-k-\-Iƒaqew \ΩpsS NnØ-Øn¬ ASn-™p-In-

S-°p∂ CjvSm-\n-jvS-ß-fpsS ̂ e-am-bp≈ cmK-tZz-j-ßƒ

{]I-Sn-∏n-°msX AXv \njv]-£-amb hnj-b-kv]¿iw

am{X-am-bn-cn-°Ww. kz¿Æ-\m-Wy-ß-fp≈ Hcp ]W- ©n

Is≠-Øn-bm¬ AXv kz¥-am-°m-\mhpw kzm`m-hnI

t{]cW. Bcpw ImWmsX AXv kz¥-am-°Ww F∂

hnNmcw ImcWw a\- n¬ t£m`-ap-≠m-hp∂p. adn®v,

c‡w ]pc≠ Hcp ]gwXpWn Nhn-´n-sb∂p hcn-In¬

\ap°v Ad-∏p-tXm-∂p-Ibpw, sh≈hpw AWp-\m-in-\nbpw

D]-tbm-Kn®v Imep-I-gp-I-W-sa∂p tXm∂p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

CXpw a\- n¬ t£m`-ap-≠m-°p∂p. a\- ns\ kpÿn-c-

am-°n- \n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v hnjb-ß-fn¬ DZm-ko-\-cm-hp-Ibpw

CjvSm-\n-jvS-ßƒ IqSmsX F√m-‰n-t\bpw kzoI-cn-°p-

Ibpw sNøWw. C{μn-b-ß-tfbpw a\- n-t\bpw kwba\w

sNbvXp-sh-°p-tºmƒ a\- n\v im¥n ({]kmZw) D≠m-

hp∂p. ZpxJ-ß-sf√mw ian-°p∂p.

{io[-c-kzman "{]kmZw' F∂ hm°n\v im¥n F∂m-

W¿∞w sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv. {ioi-¶-c≥ AXns\

4342

{]k∂X, kzmÿyw F∂p hnh-cn -°p∂p. Nne¿

"kzmÿyw' F∂-Xn\v Bfl-\n-jvTX F∂v A¿∞w

sImSp-°p∂p; AXn-hnsS \∂mbn tbmPn-°p-∂n√ F∂m-

sW-\n-°p- tXm-∂p∂Xv.

65, 66 t«mI-ß-fn¬ `K-hm≥ {]kmZw, a\- ns‚

{]k-∂X, sIm≠v Fs¥¥p KpW-ß-fp-≠m-hp∂p F∂v

hnh-cn-°p∂p. a\ v {]k-∂-am-hp-tºmƒ F√m ZpxJ-ßfpw

AkvX-an-°p∂p, a\ v ZrVhpw kpÿn-c-hp-am-hp∂p

F∂v At±lw ]d-bp∂p.

{]kmtZ k¿Δ-Zpx-Jm\mw

lm\n-c-tkym-]-Pm-btX

{]k-∂-tN-Xtkm lymip

_p≤nx ]cy-h-Xn-jvTtX (2.65)

a\ v GIm-{K-am-hp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ B hy‡n°v (Abp‡≥)

Bfl-Z¿i-\-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠m-hp∂ ⁄m\w D≠m-hp-∂n√;

Abmƒ°v "`mh\'bpw C√. "`mh\' F∂-Xn\v {io[c

kzman "[ym\'sa∂pw {ioi-¶-c≥ "Bfl-⁄m-\m-`n-\n-

thiw' ˛ Bfl-⁄m-\-Øn-\p-ff Xo{h-amb BImw£

˛ F∂pw A¿∞w ]d-bp∂p. {io[-c-kzm-an-bpsS hymJym-

\-amWv IqSp-X¬ tbmPn-°p-∂-sX∂p tXm∂p∂p.

hgn-sX-‰n-°p∂ C{μn-b-ßfpw a\ pw

C{μn-b-ßfpw a\ pw IqSn a\- ns\ N©-e-am-°p-

∂-sX-ßs\ F∂mWv `K-hm≥ C\n hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv:

C{μn-bm-Wmwln NcXmw

b∑t\m f\phn[o-btX

XZky lcXn {]⁄mw

hmbp¿\m-h-anhmw`kn (2.67)


"C{μn-b-ßƒ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ, \nb-

a\w sNø-s∏-SmØ a\ v Ahsb ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw, sh≈-

Øn¬ k©-cn-°p∂ tXmWnsb Im‰v ASn-®p-sIm≠p

t]mIp-∂Xpt]mse, Bflm-\m-fl-hn-th-I-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠m-

hp∂ ⁄m\sØ C√m-Xm-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.'

BZyw IÆp-Iƒ \s√mcp a[pckm[\w ImWp∂p;

a\ v IÆp-Isf A\p-K-an®v AX-\p-`-hn-°m≥ B{K-ln-

°p∂p. B a[pckm[-\-tØm-Sp≈ sImXn-Im-cWw, Xs‚

bP-am-\-\mb a\p-jy\v Ie-i-emb {]ta-l-ap-s≠∂pw

Abm-fpsS ssIh-i-ap≈ ]Ww Abm-fpsS tcmKn-bmb

AΩbv°v acp∂p hmßm≥ D≈-Xm-sW∂pw AXv

ad-°p∂p. a[pckm[\w hmßn Xn∂p∂ Nn¥ -am-{X-amWv

a\- n\v. \mw kZm Pm{KX ]pe¿Øn C{μn-b-ß-sfbpw

a\- n-s\bpw AS-°n-\n¿ØWw.

C{μn-b-kw-b-a-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw hnh-cn-®-tijw

`Khm≥ Cßs\ D]-kw-l-cn-°p∂p. "C{μn-b-ßsf F√m-

h-i-Øp-\n∂pw hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]n≥h-en-®m¬

am{Xta ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh-cn-I-bp≈q.'

Xkvam-Zyky alm-_mtlm

\nKr-lo-Xm\n k¿Δix

C{μn-bmWn C{μn-bm¿t∞`yx


ÿnX-{]-⁄\pw A⁄m-\n-Ifpw

ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ kZm ]c-a-k-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v t_m[

hm-\mbn h¿Øn-°p∂p. F∂m¬ A⁄-X-bn-em≠ a‰p-

≈-h¿ B A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ apgp-In-°-gn-bp∂p. CXmWv

ASpØ t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv:

bm \nim k¿Δ-`q-Xm\mw

Xkymw PmK¿Øn kwbao

bkymw Pm{KXn `qXm\n

km \nim ]iytXm apt\x (2.69)

Xs‚ A[ymfle£y-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ÿnX-{]-⁄≥

C{μn-b-ß-tfbpw a\- n-t\bpw AS°n kZm PmK-cq-I-\m-

bn-cn-°p∂p, F∂m¬ ]c-a-k-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v A⁄-cmbn

`uXn-I-tam-l-ß-fn¬ IpSpßn°gn-bp∂ P\-ßƒ°v

Bflmhv cm{Xntbm Ccpt´m BWv. A⁄-cmb euInI¿

`uXn-I-tem-I-Ønse hkvXp-°-fnepw kpJ-ß-fnepw

apgpIn-°-gn-bp-tºmƒ ⁄m\n-bmb ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ Ddßn-

bm-se-∂-t]mse Ah-bn¬ AXy¥w DZm-ko-\-\mWv.

At±-l-Øns‚ C{μn-b-ßƒ euIn-I-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v

]q¿Æ-ambpw ]n≥h-en-°-s∏-´-Xp-Im-cWw euInI hrØn-

I-fn¬ At±-l-Øn\v Aev]hpw Xmev]-cy-an-√m-Xm-bn-cn-

°p∂p. temI-Ønse em`-\-jvS-ßƒ, hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈

CjvSm-\n-jvS-ßƒ F∂nh kz]v\-Xpeyw At±-l-Øn\v

Xmev]cyw P\n-∏n-°m-Xm-hp∂p. C{μn-b-ßfpw a\ pw

{]h¿Ø-\-c-ln-X-ambn AI¿Ω-Wy-X-t]mse tXm∂n-

°p∂ kam-[y-h-ÿ-bn¬ temI-Øn\v Xmev]-cy-an√;

F∂m¬, ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ kam-[n-sb∂ C{μn-bm-XoX-amb

Ah-ÿ-bn¬ B\μw sIm≈p∂p.

Ima-ßsf Dƒs°m≠v Pbn-°m-\p≈ hgn

k¿Δ-tZm-j-ß-fp-tSbpw aqe-amb B{K-l-ßsf Dt]-

£n-°Ww F∂p ]d-™p-sIm-≠mWv `K-hm≥ ÿnX

4544


-{]-⁄-hn-h-cWw XpS-ßn-bXv. A°mcywXs∂ c≠p

t«mI-ß-fn¬ Bh¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v ̀ K-hm≥ B hnh-cWw

Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p∂p:

B]q-cy-amWw AN-e-{]-XnjvTw

kap{Zw B]x {]hn-i¥n bZzXv

XZzXv Imam bw {]hn-i¥n k¿tΔ

k im¥nam]vt\mXn \ Ima-Imao (2.70)

hnlmb Imam≥ bx k¿Δm≥

]pam≥ NcXn \nkv]rlx

\n¿Ωtam \nc-l-¶mcx

k im¥nw A[n-K-—Xn (2.71)

]e \Zn-I-fn-tebpw Pew \nc-¥cw h∂p hogp∂

kap-{Z-Øn¬ ho≠pw Pew \nd-™mepw AXv Ic-I-hn-

bmsX ÿnc-ambn \nev°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, BcpsS a\- n¬

Ima-ßƒ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂mepw Abm-fpsS kzÿX

\jvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√tbm, AØcw Hcmƒ°v am{Xta im¥n,

AXmbXv, ap‡n, e`n-°p-I-bp≈q; Ima-ßƒ \nd™

Hcmƒ°v AXv e`y-a√. F√m B{K-l-ß-tfbpw XyPn®v,

bmsXm-cp-hn[w Bk-‡ntbm Al-¶m-ctam aa-Xtbm

IqSmsX, Ncn-°p∂ Hcp-h\v ]c-a-amb im¥n (ap‡n)

e`n-°p∂p.

a\p-jy\v Cu temI-Øn¬ Pohn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. Ah\v

euIn-I-hn-j-b-ß-tfmSv _‘-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ km[y-a√.

Hcp ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ Cub-h-ÿ-bn¬ F¥p sNøpw?

AXp hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ ̀ K-hm≥ kap-{Z-Øns‚ DZm-l-cWw

]d-bp∂p.

Rm≥ \Zn-Xo-c-Øp-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ ]e I√p-Ifpw

\neØp InS-°p-∂Xp ImWp∂p. F∂m¬ Rm≥ Ahsb

]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂n√, Ah Fs‚ a\- n¬ Nn¥-I-sfm∂pw

D≠m-°p-∂n√. F∂m¬, Hcp kz¿Æ-®-ße AhnsS

InS°p-∂Xp I≠m¬ F\n-°p-Ss\ AXn¬ Xmev]-cy-

ambn; AXns‚ ASp-Øp-t]mbn t\m°m-t\m-Sp∂p; AXv

ssI°-em-°m≥ a\- n¬ B{Klw P\n-°p∂p. Fs‚

a\ v Akz-ÿ-am-hp∂p. CXn-\p-Im-cWw ]q¿Δ-Ime

]cnN-b-amWv apºp-≠mb CjvSm-\n-jvS-ß-fp-tSbpw cmK-

tZz-j-ß-fp-tSbpw hmk-\-Iƒ a\- n¬ ASn-™p-In-S-°p-

∂-XmWv. Nße I≠-t∏mƒ B hmk-\-Iƒ kPo-h-ambn

B{Kl-ß-fpsS cq]-Øn¬ {]I-S-am-hp∂p. AhnsS

InS°p∂ I√p-I-tfmSv F\n°v CjvStam A\n-jvStam C√.

Ah-bn¬ Rm≥ Xosc DZm-ko-\-\mWv. hnj-b-ßƒ

a\ n¬ {]th-in-°p-∂Xv XS-bpI km[y-a√. F∂m¬,

kz{]-bXv\w sIm≠pw bp‡n-bp-‡-amb Nn¥-sIm≠pw

\nßƒ°-h-tbm-Sp≈ {]Xn-I-c -WsØ \nb-{¥n®v,

Ahsb a\- p-sIm≠p X≈p-Itbm sIm≈p-Itbm

sNømsX, DZm-ko-\-\mbn h¿Øn°mw. ZrV-a-\- p

-sIm≠v \nß-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-WsØ \nb-{¥n-°m≥

Ignbpw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, \qdp-I-W-°n\p \Zn-Iƒ kZm

kap-{Z-Øn-te°v Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. IqSp-X¬ ag

s]bvtXm at‰m A[nIw sh≈w h∂p tN¿∂m¬ kap{Zw

Ic-I-hn-bp-∂n√. AXv ]g-b-Xp-t]mse AtX \ne-bn¬

h¿Øn-°p∂p. AXp -t]mse, hnj-b-ßƒ ÿnX-

{]⁄s‚ a\- nepw {]th-in-°p∂p, AXp XS-bm≥

Ignbn√. ]t£, hnj-b-ß-tfmSv CjvSm-\n-jvS-ß-fn-√mØ

4746


ka-Nn -ØX ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xp-Im-cWw At±-l-Øn\v

a\ ns\ \nb-{¥n®v hnj-b-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-Øn¬ \n∂v

kzX-{¥-\mbn \nev°mw. At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬ Hcp

hn[-Øn-ep≈ cmK-tZz-j-ßfpw DZn-°p-∂n√. Aßs\,

i_vZ ̨ kv]¿i ̨ ck ̨ cq] ̨ K‘mZn hnjb-ßsf√mw

At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬ {]th-in®v bmsXmcp {]Xn-I-c-

Whpw D≠m-°msX ebn-®p-t]m-Ip∂p. CØcw Hcmƒ°v

]c-a-amb im¥nbpw B\-μhpw ssIh-cp∂p ˛ AXmWv

tam£w, ap‡n. B{Kl_≤-\mb Hcmƒ°v Cub-hÿ

Hcn-°epw ssIh-cn√.

ta¬ D≤-cn® c≠m-asØ t«mI-Øn¬ `K-hm≥ Hcp

Kpfn-I-bpsS cq]-Øn¬ Cuiz-c-km-£m¬°mcw ssIhcp-

Øm-\p≈ km[\ D]-tZ-in-°p∂p. AsXm-∂p-sIm-≠p-

am{Xw Hcmƒ°v e£y-Øn-se-Øm≥ km[n°pw.

c≠p-Xcw B{K-l-ß-fp≠v ̨ Ct∏mƒ X\n-°n-√mØ,

As√-¶n¬, th≠ am{X-bn¬ C√mØ, hkvXp-°ƒ

ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-≈Xv (A{]m-]vXky {]m]vXnx) DZm-

l-c-W-ambn, F\n-°n-t∏mƒ _mƒt]\-bn√, As√-¶n¬,

Hcp t]\-bp≠v, F∂m¬ AXp- t]m-cm-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v H∂p-

c-s≠Æw IqSn thWw. c≠m-asØ Xcw B{Klw,

Ct∏mƒ D≈-Xns\ kwc-£n®p \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\mWv.

AsXs‚ IqsS Ipsd-°mew tISp-h-cmsX \ne-\n-ev°W-

sa∂v Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. ("{]m]vXky kwc-£Ww').

Krl-ÿ\v hoSv, `mcy, Ip´n-Iƒ F∂n-h-tcmSv Bk-‡n-

bp≠v, ag-sImt≠m, `qIºw sImt≠m hoSn\v tISp-

]-‰pI, IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fpsS tcmKw, `mcy-bpsS acWw

F∂n-h-sb√mw Abm-fpsS a\- ns\ Akz-ÿ-am-°p∂p.

F∂p-X-s∂-b√, F¥p am¿§w Ah-ew-_n®pw Abmƒ°v

Ahsc kpJ-ambn t]m‰Ww ˛ AXv I≈-°-SØv, ssI

°qen F∂n-h-bm-bmepw kmc-an√ ˛ CsX√mw a\- ns\

Akz-ÿ-am -°p -∂-XmWv. Cu Bk‡n, AYhm,

B{Klw "kv]rl' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂p. Ct∏mƒ ssIh-i-

an-√mØ hkvXp-°ƒ kºm-Zn-°m-\p≈ B{Klw "Imaw'

F∂pw.

ta¬∏-d™ B{K-l-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw aqe-Im-cWw

F¥mWv? \mw hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Bflm-hmWv; F∂m¬,

AX-dn-bmsX \ΩpsS ico-c-amWv \mw F∂v [cn-°p∂p.

CXv _ƒ_n-\p-≈nse sshZypXn Xm≥ _ƒ_m-sW∂v

hnNm-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv. kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ico-csØ

"Rm≥' F∂p IcpXn kvt\ln-®p-Xp-S-ßp∂p; ico-c-

tØmSp _‘-s∏´ IpSpw-_mw-K-ßƒ, hoSv, a‰p hkvXp-

°ƒ F∂n-h-tbm-sS√mw \ap°v kvt\lhpw Bk-‡nbpw

P\n-°p∂p. "Rm≥' hmkvX-h-Øn¬ k¿Δ-hym-]-Ihpw

t_m[-a-b-hp-amb Du¿÷-amWv; F∂m¬, AXv PU-

hkvXp-hmb ico-c-am-sW∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-°p∂p; AXn¬

\n∂mWv B{K-l-ß-sf√mw P\n-°p-∂Xv. B{Kl t{]cnX-

amb "Rm≥' kzbw I¿Øm-hm-sW∂v A`n-am-\n-®p-sIm≠v

B B{K-l-ßsf ]q¿ØoI-cn-°m≥ I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏

-Sp∂p. I¿Ω-ßƒ [m¿Ωn-Itam A[m¿Ωn-Itam Bhmw;

Ah-bn¬ \n∂v ]pWy-]m-]-ßƒ P\n-°p∂p; Ah-bpsS

^ew A\p-`-hn-°m-\mbn ho≠pw P\n-t°≠n hcp∂p.

Aßs\ "Rm≥' F∂ AlwImcw t`m‡m-hm-bn-Øo-cp∂p.

Aßs\, B{K-l-ßsf C√m-Xm-°m-\p≈ hgn

Alw-Im-csØ Dt]-£n-°p-I-bmWv; AXn\v I¿Ør-

4948


Xzhpw t`m‡r-Xzhpw aa-Xbpw Dt]-£n-°Ww. {][m-\-

ambn a\ n-em-t°-≠Xv CXmWv: {]Imiw sNmcn-bp∂

Hmtcm _ƒ_nepw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw sshZyp-X-i-‡n-

bn√. sshZypXn D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ b{¥-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pd-

s∏-Sp∂ ]q¿Æ-am-{X-bn-ep≈ sshZyp-X-i-‡n-bmWv F√m

_ƒ_p-I-fn-te°pw {]h-ln®v \ap°v {]Imiw Xcp-∂Xv.

AXn¬ Hcp {]tXyIw Awi-Øn\v Xm≥ I¿Øm-hm-

sW∂v A`n-am-\n-°m≥ km[y-a√. AXp-t]mse, Hmtcm

ico-c-Øn\pw Hcp {]tXy-I -hy-‡n-Xztam AlwIm-ctam

C√. temI-Ønse I¿Ω-ß-sf√mw Hcp ]q¿Æ-X-bpsS

`mK-amWv; Hmtcm ico-chpw, F√m ico-c-ß-fnepw hym]n-

®n-cn-°p∂ B ]q¿Æ-t_m-[-Øns‚ Akz-X-{¥hpw kzbw

{]h¿Ø\ -ti-jn-bn-√m-ØXp-amb D]-I-cWw am{X-amWv;

AXn-eqsS I¿Ωw sNø-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p-am{Xw. Aßs\,

Kpcp-hn¬ \n∂pw imkv{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw bmYm¿∞yw

a\ n-em°n, a\\w sNbvXv, hy‡n-I-fmb \ma√ \ne-

\n-ev°p-∂Xv, B ]q¿ÆX am{X-amWv F∂p t_m[y-

ambm¬ AlwIm-chpw aa-Xbpw C√m-Xmhpw. kap{Zw

sh≈-Øp-≈nsb Dƒs°m≠p Ign-™m¬ sh≈-Øp-≈n-

bpsS hy‡nXzw C√m-Xm-hp∂p; B{K-ln-°m≥ ]ns∂

Bcp-an√. Aßs\, Rm≥ F∂pw Ft‚-sX∂pw D≈

hnNmcw t]mbn B{Kl-ßfpw Bk-‡n-Ifpw C√m-Xm-

hp -tºmƒ B\-μhpw k¿Δ-_-‘-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

tamN-\hpw A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂p.

D]-kw-lmcw

`K-hm≥ D]-tZ-in® AXy¥w kw{K-l-cq-]-Øn-ep≈

Cu km[-\-tb-°mƒ ap‡n°v IqSp-X¬ t\cmb hgn

thsd-tb-Xp≠v? KoX-bpsS kmcw apgp-h≥ Dƒs°m-≈p∂-

Xmbn Hcp t«mIw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Ft∂mSp ]d-bp-I-

bm-sW-¶n¬ Rm≥ bmsXmcp kwi-bhpw IqSmsX Cu

t«mIw Xnc-s™-Sp°pw. CXn-t\mSp _‘-s∏-́ -XmWv Cu

A[ym-b-Ønse Ah-km-\sØ t«mIw. AXn¬ KoXm-

am-Xm-hns‚ A\p-Iº Ic-I-hn-s™m-gp-Ip∂p:

Gjm {_m“oÿnXnx ]m¿∞

ss\\mw {]m]y -hn-ap-lyXn

ÿnXzmkymw A¥-Imte f]n

{_“-\n¿Δm-W-ar-—Xn (2.72)

[ym\-t«m-I-Øn¬ KoXsb "AΩ' F∂p hnfn-°p-

∂Xv kXy-amWv (Aw_ Xzmw A\p-kwZ-[man ̀ K-hZvKotX

`h-tZz-jnWn). ̀ uXnItemI-Ønse kpJ-Zpx-J-ßƒ A\p-

`-hn®p Pohn-°p-Ibpw A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn¬ tam£w thW-

sa∂v AXn-bmbn B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cpsS

ÿnXn-sb-¥mWv? DZm-l-c-W-ambn ]co-£n-Øp -alm

cmPm-hns\ t\m°mw. Ggp-Zn-h-k-Øn-\Iw acn-°p-sa∂v

Adn™ At±-l-Øn\v tam£-{]m-]vXn-°mbn Xm≥ F¥p

sNø-W-sa∂v Adn-bm≥ AXy¥w B{K-l-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p.

KoXm-am-Xmhv taep-≤-cn® t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p: PohnX-

Øns‚ A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn-se-¶nepw F√m B{K-l-ß-

tfbpw Bk-‡n-I-tfbpw Dt]-£n®v, Rms\∂pw Ft‚-

sX-∂p-ap≈ hnNmcw IqSmsX, Ccn-°m-sa-¶n¬ Abmƒ°v

]c-a-amb {_“m-hÿ {]m]n°mw; AhnsS \n∂v ]ns∂

taml-Pm-e-Øn-te°v hogn√. k’wKw, {]m¿∞\,

Cuizc-Ir] F∂n-h-bpsS ^e-ambn ac-W-i-ø-bn-ep≈

Hcmƒ F√m B{K-l-ß-tfbpw _e-ambn Dt]-£n®v,

5150


tUmIvS¿am¿, acp-∂p-Iƒ, ASpØv \nev°p∂ _‘p-°ƒ

F∂n-hsc Ah-K-Wn®v Cuiz-c\v ]q¿Æ-ambn Bfl-

k¿∏Ww sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Abmƒ°v 71-˛mw t«mI-

Øn¬ ]d™ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-am-°m≥ km[n°pw.

CXv Akm-[y-a√. Rm≥ Xs∂ CØcw kw`-h-ßƒ

I≠n-´p≠v. Fs‚ Hcp bph-kp-lrØv, Kp]vX, aod-‰n¬

Hcp _m¶n¬ tPmen sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. At±-l-Øn\v

ASn-b-¥n-c-ambn c‡w sImSp-°p-∂-Xn-∂p-th≠n Hcp

cm{Xn Z¬ln-bn-te°v Imdn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p.

At±-l-Øns‚ IqsS Imdn¬ Hcp kzman-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p.

Kp]vX ]n≥ko-‰n¬ InS-°p-I-bmWv. thsdmcp Imdn¬

At±-l-Øns‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw, \mep-sIm√w apºv

hnhmlw Ign® `mcybpw c≠p-h-b- mb Ipńbpw t]mIp-

∂p≠v. ]IpXn hgn°p sh®v Kp]vX Imdv \n¿Øm≥

]d™p. At±lw Imdn¬ Fgp-t∂-‰n-cp∂p. Xs‚ IqsS-

bp≈ _‘p-°-fmcpw Ac-a-Wn-°q¿ t\c-tØ°v Xs‚

kao-]Øv hcmsX t\m°m≥ IqsS-bp≈ kzman-tbm-S-t]-

£n®p. B kzman-tbmSpw ss{Uh-tdmSpw Imdn¬ \n∂n-

dßn Aev]w AIse \nev°m≥ ]d™p. At±lw

Imdn-∂p-≈n¬ [ym\-Øn-en-cp∂v Ccp-]Xp an\n-ń-∂p-≈n¬

icoc-ap-t]-£n®p. Fs‚ Adn-hn¬, Kp]vX, {iocm-a-

IrjvW `‡-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Imcy-ambn km[-\-

sbm∂pw sNbvXn-cp-∂n√. At±lw Hcp km[m-cW

Krlÿ PohnXw \bn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. A¥y-k-a-b-sØ-

¶nepw, Xm≥ ]c-a-kXyw Xs∂-bmWv, k¿Δ-hym-]-I-amb

ip≤-t_m-[-amWv, ico-c-hp-ambn X\n-s°mcp _‘-hp-an√

F∂ Dd® t_m[-ap-≠m-bm¬ AlwIm-ctam B{K-l-

ßtfm D≠m-hn√. \nß-fpsS B{K-l-ß-sf√mw Hcn-°epw

ên-°m≥ t]mhp-∂n√ Ft∂m¿°pI. \nßƒ Bkq

{XWw sNbvX ]cn-]m-Sn-I-sfms° A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb

ImcW-ß-fm¬ XI-cm-dm-bn-t∏m-hp∂p. {]kn-≤-cmb cmPohv

Km‘ntbm, {]kn-U‚ v sI∂-Untbm Xßƒ s]s´∂p

sIm√-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw {]Xo-£n-®pthm?

PohnX-amsI Hcp \mS-I-amWv. AXnse hcn-Iƒ ]t≠

Fgp-Xn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p. \nß-fpsS Pohn-X-Ønse Hmtcm

kw`-hhpw Cuiz-c-\m¬ \n›n-Xhpw \nb-{¥n-X-hp-amWv.

A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn-se-¶nepw Cuiz-c\v Bfl-k-a¿∏Ww

sNøpI. \nßƒ°v a\- ns\ thW-sa-¶n¬ Cuiz-c-\n¬

\n¿Ømw; As√-¶n¬ temI-Øn¬ \n¿Ømw ̨ \nßƒ°-

Xn¬ ]q¿Æ kzmX-{¥y-ap≠v. B A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn¬ Hcp

i‡n°pw ]W-Øn\pw _‘p-°ƒ°pw kplr-Øp-

°ƒ°pw \nßsf klm-bn-°m-\m-hn√. Cuiz-c≥ am{X-

amWv Htc-sbmcp Dd-∏p‰ B{ibw. AXy¥w GIm-{K-X-

tbmsS Cuiz-cs\ kvt\ln-°pI; Cuiz-c-t\mSv {]m¿∞n-

°pI. At∏mƒ {]m¿∞n-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬

a\ p-sIm≠v "am, am' Ft∂m, "{]t`m, {]t`m' Ft∂m,

"cma, cma' Ft∂m, thsd GsX-¶nepw CjvS-ap≈ \matam

Dcp-hn-SpI. AXpw km[y-a-s√-¶n¬ Cuiz-c-\maw AYhm,

{]m¿∞\, Bh¿Øn-°p∂ Hcp tS∏v sdt°m¿U¿ {]h¿

Øn-∏n-°m≥ G¿∏mSv sNøpI. ̀ ‡n-am¿§-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn

-°p∂ km[-I-∑m¿°v Cu Bfl-k-a¿∏-W-amWv ]c-a-amb

km[\. CXmWv `K-hm≥ 18-˛mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ 65, 66

t«mI-ß-fn¬ D]-tZ-in-°p-∂Xv.

5352


a∑\m `h aZv`t‡m aZym-Po amw \a-kvIpcp

amtasshjykn kXyw tX {]Xn-Pmt\ {]ntbmfknta,

k¿Δ-[¿Ωm≥ ]cn-Xy-Py -am-taIw icWw {hP

Alw Xzm k¿Δ-]m-t]t`ym tam£-bn-jyman am ipN.

Cu c≠p t«mI-ßfpw c≠m-a-[ymbw Ah-km-\-Ønse

c≠p t«mI-ßfpw HgnsI KoX- ap-gp-h\pw a‰p imkv{X-

{K-Ÿ-ßfpw \jvS-s∏-´mepw, a\p-jy-cm-insb apgp-h≥

B\-μ-Øns‚ ]c-tIm-Sn-bn-se-Øn-°m≥ Ch am{Xw aXn.

t\cmb hgn F√m-h¿°pw G‰hpw efn-X-amb hgn-

bm-h-W-sa-∂n√. kc-f-amtWm k¶o¿Æ-amtWm F∂Xv

a\- ns‚ ]q¿Δ kwkvImcw A\p-k-cn®v Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-

tSbpw hy‡n-]-c-amb A\p-`-h-amWv. ]e¿°pw Ah-cpsS

Ct∏m-gsØ hnizm-k-ßsf AXn-{I-an-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-

°mØ Nne am\-knI XS- -ßƒ D≠mhmw. Ah¿°v

AlwIm-csØ Pbn-°m-\p≈ hgn k’wKw, Kpcp- X∂

a{¥w P]n-°¬, [ym\w, ]c-am-flm-hn¬ \n∂v A`n-∂-amb

CjvS-tZ-h-X-tbm-Sp≈ Bflm¿∞-amb {]m¿∞\, Kpcp-

hnt∂m Cuiz-ct∂m ]q¿Æ-amb Bfl-k-a¿∏Ww F∂n-

h-bmWv. CXpsIm≠v Ah-km\w Al-¥-tbbpw aa-X-

tbbpw Dt]-£n-°m≥ km[n°pw; AtXmsS B{K-l-ß-

sf√mw A‰p-t]mIpw. hnP-b-Øn-\p≈ ]c-a-amb D]m[n

Cuiz-c-Ir], AYhm, KpcpIr]-bmWv. F√m tbmK-ß-

fnepw, km[\ F¥p-X-s∂-bm-bmepw, CXv kmam-\y-\nba-

amWv. CXv s]s´∂v FhnsS \nt∂m s]m´n-ho-gp∂ H∂√.

kz{]-bXv\w sIm≠pw Cuizc (Bfl) km£m¬°m-c-

Øn-\p≈ Xo{h-amb BImw-£-sIm≠pw ssIh-cp∂

H∂mWv Cu Ir].

⁄m\-am¿§-Øn¬ ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ F∂p ]d-bp∂

hy‡n-sb-Øs∂ ]Xn∂memw A[ym-b-Øn¬ KpWm-Xo-

X-\mbn hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p. ̀ ‡n-am¿§-Øn¬ Ch-sc-Øs∂

Cuiz-cs‚ {]nb-`-‡-cmbn ]d-bp∂p. {]nb-`-‡s‚ KpW-

ßƒ Xmsg hnh-cn-°p-∂-h-bmWv (]{¥≠mw A[ymbw ˛

t«mIw 13˛-19)

1. k¿ΔZm Bflk¥p-jvS-\m-bn-cn-°pI

2. "Rm≥' F∂pw "Ft‚Xv' F∂pw D≈ `mhw C√m-Xn-

cn-°pI.

3. kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-fn¬ ka-_p≤n

4. a\x-kw-baw, ZrV-\n-›bw

5. t{Im[w, `bw F∂n-h-bn-√m-Xn-cn-°¬

6. kw`-h-ß-tfmSpw hnj-b-ß-tfmSpw DZm-ko-\-`mhw

7. cmK-tZz-j-ßƒ C√m-Xn-cn-°pI, B{K-l-ß-sf√mw

Dt]-£n-°pI.

8. \nμ-bnepw kvXpXn-bnepw ka-Nn-¥X.

Cuizckm£m¬°m-c-Øn-\mbn GXp tbmK-am¿§w

kzoI-cn-®mepw icn, ta¬]-d-™ -Kp-W-ßƒ hf¿ØpI

Xs∂ thWw. Abmsf ÿnX-{]-⁄-s\t∂m, KpWm-

Xo-X-s\t∂m, `‡-s\t∂m hnfn°mw. ÿnX-{]-⁄

-e-£Ww hnh-cn-°p∂ Cu t«mI-ßƒ (2.55-˛72) A¿∞-

a-dn™v Bh¿Øn®p sNm√p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ \ΩpsS

km[\ Xo{h-ambn \sΩ e£y-Øn-se-Øm≥ klm-

bn°pw.

ÿnX-{]-⁄-X-bpsS kp{]-[m\ LSIw F√m

B{Klß-tfbpw Bk-‡n-I-tfbpw Dt]-£n-°p-I-

bmWv. AXn\v C{μn-b-ß-tfbpw a\- n-t\bpw kwb-a\w

5554


sNøWw, AlwIm-csØ ˛ ico-c-a-\- p-Iƒ "Rm≥'

BsW∂ `mh-\sb ˛ Dt]-£n-°Ww. B{K-l-ßsf

ian-∏n-°p-Ibpw AlwIm-csØ AI-‰p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬

\njv]-£-amb hkvXp-Z¿i\w, t{Im[hpw `bhpw

C√mbva, ka-Nn-ØX XpS-ßnb KpW-ßƒ kzb-tah

h∂p-tNcpw. A\m-k-‡nbpw Bk-‡nbpw th≠-hn[w

{]tbm-Kn-°p-I-bmWv Bhiyw. a\ v euIn-I-hn-j-b

ßsf B{K-ln-°p-tºmƒ AXns\ Ah-bn¬ \n∂v

hnSpØn Cuiz-c-t\mSv Iq´n-t®¿°pI. Cuiz-cs\ KmV-

ambn kvt\ln-°pI. \mw P\n® \nanjw apX¬ `K-h¬

Ir] \ΩpsS IqsS-bp≠v, \ΩpsS km[-\m-th-f-bn¬

Hmtcm \nan-jhpw AXv \ap-s°m-∏-ap≠v F∂v Dd-∏mbn

[cn-°pI. AXp \ap°v henb t{]m’m-l-\hpw klm-

bhpw Xcp∂p. \mw e£y-Øn-se-Øp-sa∂v Dd-∏m-°p∂p.

Hcp cmP-Ip-am-cn°v Xs‚ Igp-Ønse kz¿Æm-`-cWw

ImWm-Xmbn; Ahƒ D¬°-WvT-tbmsS AsXßpw

Xnc™p. At∏mƒ AXv Ah-fpsS IgpØn¬Ø-s∂-bp-

s≠∂v Hcp tXmgn Nq≠n-°m-Wn®p. cmP-Ip-am-cn°v kt¥m-

j-ambn. ImWm-Xmb B`-cWw Is≠-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂n√

ChnsS \S-∂Xv; Igp-Øn¬Ø-s∂-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p B`-

cWw F∂-dn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. Bflm-hns‚ Imcyhpw CXp-

t]m-se-X-s∂-bmWv. Bflmhv F∂pw \tΩm-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-

bn-cp∂p F∂v Adn-bm≥ am{X-amWv Bflm-t\z-jWw

apgp-h≥. \mw Bflm-hp-Xs∂. ̀ K-hm≥ ca-W-a-l¿jn Cu

IYsb "IWvTm-̀ -c-W-Øns‚ IY' F∂p ]d-bp-am-bn-cp∂p.

\msa√mw Cu P∑-Øn¬Øs∂ ÿnX-{]-⁄-cmbn

Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw t\Ss´.

lcn Hmw.

56


hkn-jvT-Kp -l-bnse {io im¥m-\-μ-]pcn

kzmanIƒ ]c-a-]pWy {io ]pcp-tjm-Ø-am-\μ

kzman -I -fpsS (hkn -jvT -Kpl) injy-\mWv.

At±lw 1928-̨ -¬ P\n®p. kzmanPn sshZn-I-kmln-

Xy-Ønepw ]pcm-W-ß-fnepw alm-]-fin-X-\mWv.

At±-l-Øns‚ AKm-[-⁄m-\hpw {ioaZv `mK-

hXw, `K-h-ZvKoX, AjvSm-h-{I-KoX F∂o {KŸ-

ß-fpsS efn -X-amb hymJym -\hpw ImcWw

At±lw A[ym-fl-km-[-I¿°v hfsc {]nb-¶-c-\mb

am¿§-Z¿in-bm-bn-Øo¿∂n-́ p≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ kc-

f-Xbpw Cuiz-c-i-‡n-bn-ep≈ AKm[ hnizm-khpw,

k¿tΔ-iz-cs‚ apºn¬ ]q¿Æ-amb Bfl-k-a¿∏-

Whpw At±-lsØ ⁄m\˛`‡n˛ sshcm-Ky-ß-

fpsS Hcp al-\ob ka-\z-b-aq¿Øn-bm-°n-bn-́ p≠v.

kzman-Pn-bpsS hn]p-e-amb ]mfin-Xyhpw `mc-

Xob Z¿i-\-ß-tfmSpw kwkvIm-c-tØm-Sp-ap≈

Xo{h-`-‡nbpw At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-I-fn-se√mw

\ng-en®p ImWmw. Ah B¥-c-amb B[ym-fln-

Im-\p-`qXn t\Sp-∂-Xn\pw kzbw Db¿∂ B[ym-

flnI Xe-Øn-te-°p-b-cp-∂-Xn\pw {]mtbm-KnI

am¿§-Z¿i-I-ßmWv. Bh¿Øn-®p≈ A`ym-k-Øn-

\mWv At±lw F∂pw {]m[m\yw Iev]n-®n-́ p-≈Xv.

]c-a-amb A[ym-fl-⁄m\w Dƒs°m-≈p∂p

F∂v ]cs° {]iw-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ̀ K-h-ZvKo-X-bnse

tI{μ-k-tμiw efn-X-ambn hnh-cn-°p∂ H∂mWv

Cu {KŸw. KoX-bpsS bYm¿∞ ktμiw a\- n-

em-°p-∂-Xn¬ km[-I¿°v ]e-t∏mgpw hnjaw

t\cn-Sp-∂p≠v. AXn\p ImcWw, Bi-b-°p-g∏w

D≠m-°p-∂-hn[w hymJym-Xm-°ƒ KoXm-h-N-\-

ßsf ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-®-XmWv. km[-I-

∑m-cpsS hn`n-∂-X-e-ß-fn¬ B hymJym-\-ßƒ icn-

bm-sW∂pw hcmw.

KotXm-]-tZ-i-ßsf ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬

\S-∏n¬ hcpØn, ap‡-\mb ⁄m\n -bpsS

Ahÿ {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]mtbm-KnI am¿§-

ßƒ kzmanPn Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ \evIp∂p.