Gita's Sthita Prajna Darshan(In Malayalam).pdf
description
Transcript of Gita's Sthita Prajna Darshan(In Malayalam).pdf
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KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
(ap‡nbnte°p≈ t\¿hgn)
kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn
hnh¿ØI≥: Fkv.hn. DÆnIrjvW≥
kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn kZvKpcp `‡-k-anXn
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
GITAYILE STHITA PRAJNA DARSANAM
Swami Shantananda Puri
Publisher : Swami Santananda PuriSadguru Bhaktasamiti,Thiruvananthapuram
First Edition : July 2008
DTP Composing & Printing : Akshara OffsetVanchiyoorThiruvananthapuram - 695 035Phone: 0471 - 2471174
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
kzman im¥m\-μ-]pcn
{]kn-≤o-I-cWw : kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn
kZvKpcp ̀ ‡-k-an-Xn
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
BZy-]-Xn∏v : 2008 Pqembv
Un.-‰n.-]n. Itºm-knßpw
A®-Snbpw : A£c Hm v̂sk‰v
h©n-bq¿
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ̨ 695 035
t^m¨: 0471 ˛ 2471174
Hmw
ka¿∏Ww
Cu {KŸw AXym-Z-c-]q¿Δw Fs‚ BZ-c-
Wo-b-\mb Kpcp {io ]pcp-tjm-Ø-am-\μ
kzman-I-fpsS (hkn-jvT-Kpl, lnam-ebw)
NcW]Zva-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-°p∂p. Ahn-
SpsØ A\-¥-amb Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-an-√msX
Fs‚ Nn¥-Iƒ°v cq]w sImSpØv Ahsb
Cu {KŸ-Øns‚ cq]-Øn-em°n temI
-am-k-I-e-ap≈ A[ym-fl-km-[-I¿°p apºn¬
ka¿∏n-°m≥ km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√.
˛ kzman im¥m\μ]pcn
AhXmcnI
A[ym-fl-im-kv{X-Øns‚ F√m hi-ßfpw Dƒ
s°m-≈p∂ G‰hpw \√ eLp-Ir-Xn-bmWv {ioaZv `K-hZv
KoX. AXnepw, c≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ ]Xn-s\´p t«mI-ß-
fn-embn hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ ÿnX-{]-⁄-e-£-W-߃,
Ghcp-tSbpw ]c-a-e£yamb Bfl-km-£m¬°m-c-Øn\p-
th≠ km[\-bpsS ]q¿Æ-kmcw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p.
"ÿnX-{]-⁄≥' F∂ hm°n¬Øs∂, I¿Ωw,
tbmKw, ⁄m\w, `‡n F∂n-ßs\ am¿§-ta-Xm-bmepw,
]c-a-amb B\μw ssIh-cp-∂-Xn-\p≈ {][m\ km[\
Dƒs°m-≠n-cn -°p∂p. B hm°ns‚ kmam-\y-amb
A¿∞w \n›--e-amb, AN-©-e-amb a\ v ({]⁄) D≈
Hcp-h≥ F∂mWv. F√m km[-\-I-fp-tSbpw A¥n-a-amb
Dt±iw a\- ns\ kwb-a\w sNbvXv \n›-e-am-°p-I-bmWv
˛ AXm-bXv, "at\m-\miw' ssIh-cp-ØpI. "NnØ-hr-Øn
\ntcm[w' F∂mWv "tbmK' Øns‚ \n¿h-N\w. a\- mWv
sshhn-[y-Øns‚ Cu ambnI-tem-IsØ krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-
∂Xv; Pm{K-Z-hÿ F∂p ]dbp-∂Xpw Cu kz]v\ \mSI-
Øns‚ Hcp `mKw Xs∂. temIw apgp-h≥ Hcp "Nn¥'
bmWv. a\- n¬ \n∂v Nn¥-I-sf-sb√mw AI-‰n-bm¬ Cu
kz]v\\mSIw A{]-Xy-£-amhpw ˛ kz]v\w ImWp∂
\n߃ am{Xw Ah-ti-jn°pw.
Cu temI-Nn-¥-Iƒs°√mw ASn-ÿm\w ]q¿Δ-
kwkvIm-c -߃ (hmk-\-Iƒ) BWv. hmk-\-Iƒ
ASn™p-Iq-Sp-∂Xv B{Klt{]cn-X-ambn I¿Ω-߃
Bh¿Øn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv. ÿnX-{]-⁄s\ hnh-cn-
°p-∂-Xn-eqsS KoX \ap°v hmk-\-Isf, Fs¥-¶nepw
I¿Ωw sNbvXp -sIm -≠n -cn -°m -\p≈ t{]c -Wsb
AI‰m\pw, Aßs\ Cu alm-tam-l-Øn¬ \n∂v ap‡-
cm-hm\pw D≈ hgn-Iƒ ImWn®p-X-cp∂p. Ipd®v ITn-\-
{]-bXv\w Bhiy-amb GsX-¶nepw km[\ As√-¶n¬
{]h¿Ø-\-am¿§w \ap°p ]d™pX∂m¬ \mw DSs\
Hcp Hgn-Ignhv ]d-bp-I-bmbn: ‘CsXms° F\n-s°-ßs\
sNøm≥ Ignbpw? kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-tfbpw Pb-]-cm-P-b-ß-
tfbpw Hcpt]mse Icp-Xm\pw ka-ZrjvSn ]pe¿Øm\pw
F√mw hfsc hnjaw! cma-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k≥, `K-hm≥
ca-W-a-l¿jn F∂n-ßs\ Zp¿e`w B¿s°-¶nepw
Aßs\ sNøm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cn°pw.’ \ap-°m¿°pw
Akm-[y-ambn H∂p-an√. \ΩpsS \ntj-[m-flI Nn¥-
bmWv G‰hpw henb am\-knI XS- -ambn hgn-bn¬
\nev°p-∂Xv. \sΩ _‘n-®Xpw a\ v; _‘-\-ap-‡-
cm°m≥ Ign-hp-≈Xpw a\ v. Bflm¿∞X, hnizmkw,
\nc-¥c ]cn-{i-a-Øn-\p-Xmßmbn ZrV-\n-›bw ˛ Ch
\sΩ Xo¿®-bmbpw e£yØn-se-Øn°pw. Cu ÿnX
{]⁄ e£-W-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ t«mI-߃
lrZn-ÿ-am°n CS-bv°nsS sNm√p-∂Xp sIm≠p Xs∂
Hcp \mƒ AXv {]mtbm-KnIam°m≥ \ap°v t{]c-W-bp-
≠mhpw.*
C\n ]pkvX-I-ß-sfm∂pw Fgp-Xn-s√∂v Rm≥ ]t≠
Xo¿®-bm-°n-bn-cp∂p. Fs‚ ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw
{]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn\p ]n∂nse "kq{X-[mc'\mb {io
Un.F≥. B\μv (_mw•q¿) Hcp Znhkw F\n°v t^m¨
sNbvXv "ÿnX-{]⁄'s\∏‰n Rm≥ Fgp-X-W-sa∂
\n¿t±iw ap∂n¬ sh®p. AsX-\n°pw t_m[n®p.
B¥c-amb BtZ-ihpw F\n°p In´n. ASpØ Znhkw
Xs∂ Rm\n-sX-gp-Xn-Øp-Sßn. At±-l-Øn\v Fs‚
A\p{K-l-߃.
_mw•q-cnse HmwIm¿ Hm^vsk‰v {]nt‚-gvknse
{io sh¶-tSiv _m_p-hn-t\mSpw Fs‚ IrX-⁄X
{]Imin-∏n-t°-≠-Xp≠v. CXn-t\-°mƒ ]e-a-Sßv em`-Ic-
amb ]e tPmen-Iƒ e`n-®n´pw, At±lw Ft∏mgpw
Bflm¿∞-X-tbmSpw kvt\l-tØmSpw ̀ ‡n-tbmSpw IqSn,
Fs‚ ssII-fn¬ \n∂p- h-cp∂ Cu IrXn-Isf, G‰hpw
\√ IS-em- p-]-tbm-Kn®v, `wKn-bmbn Ih¿t]-Pp≠m°n,
ap≥K-W\ \evIn A®-Sn®v ka-b-Øn\p Xøm-dm-°m≥
kZbw {]h¿Øn-®n-´p≠v.
k¿tΔ-iz-c≥ \sΩ-sb√mw A\p-{K-ln-°s´!
kt{]aw lcn Hmw.
˛ kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn
viivi
* Km‘nPnbpsS B{iaØn¬ k‘ymkabsØ {]m¿∞\bpsS
Hcp ̀ mKambncp∂p Cu t«mI߃ ̨ hnh¿ØI≥
{KŸI¿Ømhns\∏‰n
im¥m almt¥m \nh-k¥n k¥x
hk-¥-h-t√m-I-lnXw Nc¥x
Xo¿Wmx kzbw `oa-`-hm¿Whw P\m≥
Atl-Xp-\m-\ym-\]n Xmc-b¥x
(hnth-I-Nq-Um-aWn˛39)
‘im¥cpw {_“-⁄cpw `b-¶-c -amb kwkm-c -
k-ap-{ZsØ kzbw XcWw sNbvX-hcpw, X\n-°mbn
bmsXmcp {]tbm-P-\hpw C—n-°msX a‰p-≈-h-tcbpw
IcI-b-‰p-∂-hcpw, hk-¥-EXp t]mse BfpIƒ°v
lnXw sNøp-∂-hcpw Bb k÷-\-ß-fp≠v.’
BNm-cy-kzm-an-Iƒ ]pI-gvØp∂ CØcw alm-flm-
°-fn¬ Hcm-fmWv ]qP-\ob {io im¥m-\-μ-]pcn kzman-
Iƒ. 1928˛-¬ Xan-gv\m-´n¬ P\n® kzman-Iƒ°v _meyw
apX¬ Xs∂ k’w-K-Øn-\p≈ ku`m-Kyhpw AXn¬
A`n-cp -Nn-bp-ap -≠mbn. \mep-h-b- p-≈-t∏mƒØs∂
Im©n-bnse ]c-am-Nm-cy-cpsS A\p-{Klw t\Sm≥ At±l-
Øn\p `mKy-ap-≠mbn. A∂p-ap-X-ep-≠mb k’w-K-amWv
Xs‚ F√m A`yp-Z-b-Øn\pw A[ymfl ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw
ImcWw F∂v At±lw ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°p∂p. ]c-am-
Nm-cy-cpsS A\p-{Klw At±-l-Øn-s\-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p.
]Xn-∂mep hb- p-≈-t∏mƒ Hcp amk-°mew At±-l-
Øn\v ]c-am-Nm-cy-cpsS IqsS ]Z-bm{X sNøp-∂-Xn\pw
ix
\nc-¥cw B k’wKw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn\pw `mKy-
ap≠mbn. ]c-am-Nm-cy-cpsS [¿Ω-{]-h-N-\-߃ At±-l-
Øn\v Fs∂∂pw {]tNm-Z-\-taIn. ]c-am-Nm-cy-cpsS \n¿t±
i-a-\p-k-cn®v At±lw enwK-]p-cm-W-Ønse inh-k-l-{k-
\maw A¿∞-tØm-Sp-IqSn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Pn⁄m-
kp-°ƒ°p-th≠n kwkvIrXw ¢mkp-Iƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
1950 -̨¬, 22 hb- n¬, At±lw tI{μ Kh¨sa‚ns‚
k¿Δo-kn¬ tN¿∂p. aod-‰n-em-bn-cp∂p BZysØ tPmen.
AhnsS sh®v "{iocm-a-IrjvW hN-\m-arXw'' hmbn®v
{iocm-a-Ir-jvWs‚ Pohn-X-Ømepw D]-tZ-i-ßfmepw
BIr-jvS-\mbn. temI-Ønse G‰hpw al-Ømb {KŸ-
am-W-sX∂v At±lw Icp-Xp∂p. ]n∂oSv Ejo-tI-isØ
inhm\-μ-kzm-an-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm≥ CS-bmbn. Hgnhp
In´p-tºm-sf√mw At±-l-Øns‚ B{i-a-Øn¬ t]mbn-
ØpSßn. At±lw kzman-Iƒ°v k∂ymkw sImSp-°m≥
Xøm-dm-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw IpSpw_ I¿Ø-hy-߃ aqew
At±lw A∂Xv kzoI-cn-®n√. {iocm-a-IrjvW ]c-º-c
bn¬s]´ Hcp alm-flm-hm-bn-cn-°Ww Xs‚ Kpcp F∂v
At±lw B{K-ln®p. 1952˛-¬ Aßs\ Hcp alm-flmhpw,
{iocm-a-Ir-jvW-tZ-hs‚ am\-k-]p-{X-\mb {io {_“m-\μ-
kzm-an-I-fpsS injy-\p-amb, hkn-jvT-Kp-l-bnse {io
]pcp-tjm-Ø-am-\μ kzman-I-sf-∏‰n Adn-bm≥ CS-h-∂p-
sh¶nepw 1957˛-emWv BZy-ambn Kpl-bn¬ t]mbn At±-
lsØ Z¿in-®Xv. Xs‚ h’-e-in-jys\ ImØn-cn-°p-I-
bm-bn-cp∂p Kpcp F∂p tXm∂n. kZm kl-P-k-am-[n-bn¬
apgp-In-bn-cp∂ At±lw kzman-Iƒ°v ]c-am-Z¿i-ambn
`hn®p. As°m√w Xs‚ P∑-Zn-\m-tLm-j-Øns‚ Ah
k-c-Øn¬ B{i-a-Øn¬ h∂v `mK-hXw hmbn®v A¿∞w
]d-b-W-sa∂v At±lw \n¿t±-in®p. AXp-hsc ̀ mKhXw
hmbn-®n-´p-X-s∂-bn-√m-bn-cp∂ kzman-Iƒ°v A∂p-ap-X¬
`mK-hXw Pohn-X-Ønse Hcm-Z¿i Zo]-ambn. Cu hmb\
ASp-Ø-Imew hsc XpS¿∂p h∂p.
1959˛-¬, bmsXmcp NSßpw IqSmsX, Xosc A{]-Xo-
£n-X-ambn ]pcp-tjm-Ø-am-\μ kzman-Iƒ At±-l-Øn\v
a{¥w \evIn. AXn-\p-tijw A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX
k\ym-k-Zo-£bpw e`n-°p-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p {]Xo£.
F∂m¬, AXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn, injy\v Nne Krlÿ
kwkvIm-c-߃ _m°n-bm-bp≠v, hnhmlw Ign-°pI
F∂m-bn-cp∂p Kpcp-\n¿t±iw. CXv At±-lsØ BsI
Xf¿Øn. "\osb-¥n\p hnj-an-°p∂p? Hcp Znhkw
\n\-°Xpw In´pw' F∂v DS-s\-Øs∂ Kpcp Acp-fn-
s®bvXp. F∂m¬, B ]pWy-Zn\w hcm≥ 32 sIm√w
ImØn-cn-t°≠n h∂p.
Kpcp -\n¿t±-i-{]-Imcw {KŸ-I¿Ømhv 1960 -˛¬
hnhmlw Ign®p. hnhmlw ]p{X-em-`-Øn\p am{X-am-bn-cn-
°Ww, kpJ-t`m-K-߃°m-h-cpXv F∂v Kpcp \n¿t±-in-®n-
cp∂p. 1961 s^{_p-h-cn-bn¬ Kpcp-tZ-h≥ alm-k-am-[n-b-
S™p. F∂m¬, AXn-\p-ti-jhpw injy\v Bh-iy-ap-≈-
t∏m-sgms° At±lw km[-\-s°∂p am{X-a√, Pohn-X-
Ønse alm-{]iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠
\n¿t±-i-߃ \evIn-s°m-≠n-cp∂p. Kpcp-Ir-]-bmWv Xs∂
F√m hn[-Ønepw c£n-°p-Ibpw km[-\m-am¿§-Øn¬
apt∂m´p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvX-sX∂v kzman-Iƒ
x xi
Xs‚ Bfl-I-Ym-]-c-amb Fragrant flowers F∂ {KŸ-
Øn¬ Bh¿Øn®p ]d-bp∂p.
1986˛-¬ kzman-Iƒ k¿°m¿ tPmen-bn¬ \n∂p
hnc-an®p. AXn-\p-ap-ºp-Xs∂ {Ia-ambn km[-\-b-\p-jvTn-
®n-cp∂ At±lw tPmen-bn¬ \n∂p hncan®-tijw
Xo{hamb km[-\-bn¬ apgpIn. 1991-˛¬ At±-l-Øns‚
]q¿hm-{i-a-Ønse ]p{X≥ sF.sF.Snbn¬ A¥y-h¿j-
Øn-seØn. k\ym-k-Øn-\p≈ ka-b-am-sb∂v At±-l-
Øns‚ A¥-cyman ]d™p. At±-l-Øn\v A∂v 63
hb- m-bn-cp∂p. 1991 PqWn¬ At±lw hoSp-hn´v, DØ-c-
Im-in-bn¬ Xs‚ Kpcp-{`m-Xm-hmb kzman i¶-cm-\-μ-
PnbpsS ASp-tØ°v t]mbn. 1992 s^{_p-h-cn-bn¬
inhcm{Xn Znhkw At±lw k\ymkw kzoI-cn®p. kzman
im¥m-\-μ-]pcn F∂m-bn-cp∂p ]pXnb \mat[bw.
k\ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw {]iv\-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√msX
HcnS-Øn-cp∂v km[\ sNømw F∂ {]Xo£ Kpcp-tZ-h≥
XI¿Øp. Ggp-sIm√w ]cn-{hm-PI PohnXw \bn-°m≥
At±lw kzman-Iƒ°v Hcp Znhkw [ym\-Øn¬ \n¿t±iw
\¬In. Aßs\ kzman-Iƒ `mcX-Ønse ]e ]pWy-
ÿe-ßfpw B{i-a-ßfpw kμ¿in®p. 1992-˛¬ lcn-Zzmc
Øp-sh®p \S∂ Ipw`-ta-f-bnepw At±lw ]s¶SpØp.
]cn{hP\ImeØv DS-\ofw Kpcp-tZ-hs‚ klmb-lkvXw
At±-l-tØm-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. C°m-eØv ]e alm-
flm-°-sfbpw At±l-Øn\v Z¿in-°m≥ Ah-kcw In´n.
kzman-Iƒ°v Ct∏mƒ 80 hb- p-I-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p.
At\Iw al-Zv{K-Ÿ-߃ C°m-e-Øn-\nSbv°v At±l
Øns‚ ssIIfn¬ \n∂v \ap°v e`n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.
{ioaZv `mK-hXw, KoX, A[ym-fl-cm-am-bWw, {Xn]p-cm-
clkyw, tbmK-hm-knjvTw, AjvSm-h-{I-KoX F∂o alZv
{K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS kmcw sNdnb {KŸ-ß-fmbn At±lw
FgpXn-bn-´p≠v. Ah-bv°p-]p-dta, apºp ]d™ Xs‚
Bfl-I-Ym-]-c-amb {KŸw, {]tNm-Z-I-ß-fmb IY-Iƒ,
km[-I-∑m-cpsS kwi-b-\n-hm-c-W-Øn-\p≈ D]-tZ-i-߃
F∂n-h-bp-ap≠v. C°m-eØv At±lw sIm√-Øn¬
NmXp¿am-ky-apƒs∏sS A©p-amkw Xncp-h-Æm-ae-bnse
{ioc-a-Wm-{i-a-Ønepw c≠p-amkw hkn-jvT-Kpl-bnepw
_m°n amk-߃ ]cn-{h-P-\-Øn-ep-ambn Nne-h-gn-°p∂p.
thW-sa-¶n¬, At\Iw injycpw `‡-cp-ap≈ At±-l-
Øn\v B{iaw ÿm]n®v aTm-[n -]-Xn -bmbn henb
coXnbn¬ Ignbmw. F∂m¬, Xs‚ Bh-iy-Øn¬
Ihn™v H∂pw kzoI-cn-°msX efn-X-ambn, ip≤-amb
k\ym-k-[¿Ωw Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xnepw
\nc-¥cw Cuiz-c-Nn¥ sNøp-∂-Xn-ep-amWv At±-l-Øns‚
{i≤. At±-l-Øns‚ {KŸ-ß-sf√mw B Db¿∂
B[ymfln-I-Xbv°p km£yw hln-°p-∂-h-bmWv. Cu
alm-flmhv Zo¿L-Imew \sΩ-sb√mw A\p-{K-ln-®p-
sIm≠v \ΩpsS IqsS-bp-≠m-hs´ F∂p {]m¿∞n-°p∂p.
Fkv.hn. DÆn-°r-jvW≥
xii xiii
{]km[I Ipdn∏v
htμ Kpcp-]-c-ºcmw
{io im¥m-\-μ-]pcn kzman-Pn-bpsS "KoX-bnse ÿnX-
{]-⁄-Z¿i\w' F∂ {KŸ-Øns‚ ae-bmf ]cn-`mj
{]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ ku`mKyw kan-Xn°v ssIh-∂n-
cn-°p∂p. AXn-\p≈ A\p-hmZw I\n™p \¬Inb
{io kzmanPn alm-cm-Pn\v kmZc {]Wmaw A¿∏n-°p∂p.
AXy¥w kmc-h-Ømb Cu eLp-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚
kc-fhpw at\m-l-c-hp-amb ae-bmf ]cn-̀ mj \n¿Δ-ln-®Xv
{io. Fkv.hn. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ Ah¿I-fmWv. 1963-˛¬
'Indian Audit & Accounts Service' tkh-\-Øn¬
{]thin® {io. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ AUn-j-W¬ sU]yq´n
I¨t{Sm-f¿ & BUn-‰¿ P\-d¬ ]Z-hn-bn¬ \n∂mWv
hnc-an-®Xv. {iocm-a-Ir-jvW-tZ-hs‚ `‡-\mb {io. DÆn-
Ir -jvW≥ thZm-¥-]-c -amb At\Iw teJ-\-߃
"{]_p≤-tI-cfw', "thZm-¥tI-kcn' F∂o B\p-Im-en-I-
ß-fn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p≠v. cma-Ir-jvWaTw, Xriq¿
{]kn-≤o-I-cn® At±-l-Øns‚ 'A manual of holy life'Imtem-Nn-X-amb Hcp {KŸ-amWv. {io. Pn. _me-Ir-jvW≥
\mb¿ Ah¿I-fpsS `K-h-ZvKo-X-bpsS "inhm-c-hnμw˛
alm-`mjyw' Cw•ojv `mj-bn¬ aqe-Ir-Xn-bpsS `mhw
]q¿Æ-ambn Dƒs°m≠v kcf-ambn ]cn-̀ mj-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv
xiv xv
At±-l-Øns‚ as‰mcp hne-s∏´ kw`m-h\-bmWv. {io
imc-Zm-tZ-hn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ "amXr-Xz-Øns‚ al-\ob
amXrI', kzman bXo-iz-cm-\-μ-bpsS {KŸ-Øns‚ ]cn-
`mj-bmb "A[ym-fl-Po-hnXw' F∂nh cma-IrjvWaTw,
Xriq¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p≠v. At±-l-tØm-Sp≈ AssI-
X-h-amb \μn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.
Rß-fpsS F√m kwcw-̀ -ß-sfbpw A\p-{K-ln-®n-́ p≈
{io kzman ssNX-\y-m\μ ˛ hkn-jvT-Kpl, hne-tb-dnb
\n¿tZi klm-b-߃ \¬Inb tUm. hn.Fkv. i¿a ˛
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw, {io. Un.F≥. B\μv ˛ _mw•q¿ F∂n-
h¿°pw \μn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.
Cu ]Xn∏v `wKn -bmbn A®-Sn®v Xøm-dm-°nb
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw A£c Hm^vsk‰v Poh-\-°m¿°pw,
amt\-Pvsa‚n-\p-ap≈ \μn {]Im-in-∏n-°p∂p.
kZvKpcp ]mZ-I-a-e-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-°p∂p.
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw {]km-[-I¿
18 Pqembv, 2008 kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn
Kpcp-]q¿Wna kZvKpcp `‡-k-anXn
Hmw
KoX-bnse ÿnX-{]-⁄-Z¿i\w
Zpx J-kv]¿i-an-√mØ ÿnc-amb B\-μ-amWv F√m
Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw Pohn-tXm-t±iw. Hcp]t£, acW-
am-bn-cn°pw F√m-‰nepw henb ZpxJw; P\n-®-sX√mw
acn-°p∂p, adn®pw kw`-hn-°p∂p. AXp-sIm≠v, A\n
hm-cy-amb P\\˛acWN{I-Øn¬ \n∂v hnSpXn t\Sn
AacXzw t\Sp-Ibpw \ΩpsS kpJm-t\z-j-W-Øns‚
`mKamWv. \ΩpsS ZpxJhpw ÿnc-ambn B\μw A\p-`-
hn-°m-\p≈ Ign-hn-√m-bvabpw F√mw \mw hmkvX-h-Øn¬
Bcm-sW-∂-dn-bm-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv, AXm-bXv, kzcq-]-
⁄m\w C√m-Ø-Xp -sIm -≠mWv F∂pw, X∑qew
Ime˛tZi ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°[o-\-cmb hyjvSnPoh-∑m-cm-
sW∂v hniz -kn -°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-sW∂pw \ΩpsS
imkv{X-ßfpw Ah-bn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb thZm-¥-Z¿i-
\hpw Dd-∏n®p ]d-bp∂p. Cu A⁄m-\sØ am‰n ]c-a-
kXyw sXfn-bn®v \ΩpsS e£y-{]m]vXn km[y-am-°p-
∂-Xn-∂mbn hnhn[ Zm¿i-\nI k{º-Zm-b-߃ ⁄m\-
tbmKw, `‡n-tbmKw XpS-ßnb km[\m-am¿§-߃
\n¿t±-in-®n-´p≠v. Cu km[-\-I-sf√mw kXysØ Bh-
cWw sNøp∂ ad-b-I-‰p-∂-Xn-\mWv. \ΩpsS kzcq-]-
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
km£m¬°m-c-Øns‚ hgn-bn-ep≈ XS -ß-fmWv Cu
ad. Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw Ftßm \n∂v {]m]n-t°≠
H∂√; AXn-s∏mtg kn≤-amWv ˛ \mw AX-dn-bp-∂n√
F∂p am{Xw. A[ym-fl-e£yw {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \mw
A\p-jvTn-°p∂ km[-\-Ifpw tbmK-am¿§hpw GXm-bmepw
\ΩpsS ]cn-{iaw CS-hn-Sm-ØXpw ÿnchpw Bbn-cn-
°Ww. N©-e-a-\-kvI-\mb Hcmƒ°v kXy-h-kvXp-hn¬
a\- ns\ GIm-{K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km[n-°n√. Abmƒ
Ipd®p Znhkw `‡n-tbmKw A\p-jvTn-t®°mw; ]ns∂
AjvSmw-K-tbm-K-amhpw A\p-jvTn-°p-∂Xv. As√-¶n¬,
Ipd®p-\mƒ hnjvWp-̀ -K-hms\ ̀ Pn-®-tijw ]ns∂ Ipd®p-
Zn-hkw tIhe \n¿KpW {_“-sØ-bmhpw [ym\n-°p-
∂Xv. Ch¿ Xß-fpsS Xocp-am\w CS-bv°nsS am‰n
H∂nepw Dd-®p-\n-ev°m-Ø-h-cm-hp∂p.
ÿnX-{]-⁄≥
kp\n-›n-Xhpw ÿnchpw ZrV-hp-amb a\- p≈
HcmfmWv ÿnX-{]-⁄≥. Hcp ÿnX-{]-⁄-\p-am-{Xta,
Xs‚ kzmX-{¥ysØ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw Xs‚
bYm¿∞ kzcq-]-amb B\-μsØ A\p-`-hn-°m≥ A\p-
h-Zn-°m-Ø-Xp-amb F√m _‘-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ap‡-
\m-hm≥ km[y-amhq. `K-hZvKoX-bn¬ c≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬
55 apX¬ 71 hsc-bp≈ t«mI-ß-fn¬ Hcp ÿnX
{]⁄s‚ KpW-ßfpw e£-W-ßfpw hnh-cn-®n-´p≠v. ]e
]fin-X-∑m-cp-sSbpw A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ ÿnX{]⁄≥,
KpWm-Xo-X≥ F∂o ]Z-߃ ]cym-b-ß-fmWv. KoX
]Xn-∂m-em-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®n-´p≈ KpWm-Xo-Xs‚
e£W-߃ ÿnX{]⁄-t‚-Xp -X -s∂-bm -sW∂p
ImWmw. AXp-t]mse, ]{¥-≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn-
°p∂ `‡-e£W-ßfpw ÿnX-{]-⁄≥, KpWm-Xo-X≥
F∂n-h-cpsS e£-W-ßfpw H∂pXs∂. AhnsS "ÿnc-
aXnx' (ÿnc-a -\ - p -≈-h≥) F∂Xv `‡s‚ Hcp
kp{][m\ KpW-ambn ]d-bp∂p. ÿnX{]⁄-∑msc,
`Khm≥ caW-a-l¿jn-sb-t∏mse, Poh-∑p-‡-∑m¿
(hntZl-ap-‡-∑m¿, AXym-{i-an-Iƒ) F∂pw ]dbmw.
ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh∂-h-cn¬ Cu e£-W-߃
sXfn™pImWmw F∂Xpw hy‡-amWv.
ÿnX-{]⁄ hnh-c-W-Øns‚ ]›m-Øew
KoX c≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ ]d™ Cu e£-W-߃
shdpw hnh-c-W-ß-f√. Bfl-km-£m¬°m-c-Øn\v ]cn-
{i-an-°p∂ km[-I-∑m¿°p≈ Hcp {lkz-Ime ]cn-ioe\
{Ia-ambpw Chsb IcpXmw. ap‡n {]m]n-°m-\p≈
km[-\bpw AXn\p ]n∂n-ep≈ bp‡nbpw Ah Dƒ
s°m≈p∂p. KoX-bnse ]e A[ym-b-ß-fn-embn NnX-dn-
°n-S-°p∂ hnhn[ km[-\-I-fpsS Hcp kw{K-l-amWv \mw
ChnsS ImWp-∂Xv. (DZm: A[ymbw 3 ˛ t«mIw 34, 41;
A[ymbw 5 -̨ t«mIw 18, 20, 21˛26; A[ymbw 6- -̨ t«mIw
18; A[ymbw 9 ˛ t«mIw 28; A[ymbw 12 ˛ t«mIw 13 -̨ 19).
"{_“-hnZv {_ss“h `hXn' ˛ {_“-⁄m\n {_“w
˛ ]c-a-kXyw ˛ Xs∂ Bbn-Øo-cp∂p. {_“w Ah¿Æ-
\o-bhpw a\- n\pw hm°p-Iƒ°pw FØm-\m-hm-ØXpw
Bbn-cnt°, Hcp Poh-∑p-‡s‚ KpW-߃ Fßs\ hnh
cn°pw? At±lw AXy¥w km[m-c-W-\mbn ImW-s∏Spw˛
32
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
s]mXp-h-gn-bn¬ sh®v \n߃ At±-lsØ ImWm≥ CS-
h-∂m¬ c≠m-a-sXm∂p t\m°m≥ t]mepw \n߃°p
tXm∂n√! Poh-∑p-‡\v Xe-bn¬ c≠p sImºp ImWp-
sa-∂mtWm hnNmcw F∂v ]e alm-flm-°fpw tNmZn-°m-
dp≠v. Poh-∑p-‡\v tkz—-t]mse s]cp-am-dm≥ kzmX-{¥y-
ap≠v. AXp-sIm≠v ÿnX-{]⁄ hnh-cWw Hcp Poh-
∑p-‡s\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-b√. \ΩpsS A⁄m
\-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ \n∂p≈ hnh-c-W-ß-fm-Wnh; F∂m¬, Ah
I¿Ør\njvT-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v Ahsb am\-Z-fi-am°n
Hcp hy‡n ÿnX-{]-⁄-\mtWm, A√tbm F∂v ]co-
£n°pI km[y-a√. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, ÿnX-{]-⁄≥
`bw, t{Im[w F∂n-h-bn-√mØ Bfm-sW∂p ]d-bp∂p
(KoX 2-˛56). Hcp alm-flmhv Xs‚ B{i-a-Øn¬ injy-
∑m-tcm-sSm∏w Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. At∏mƒ, B {Kmaw
sIm≈-b-Sn-°m≥ Ipsd sIm≈-°m¿ IpXn-c-∏p-dØp hcp-
∂p-s≠∂pw, Ah¿ hgn-bn¬ I≠ {Kma-hm-kn-Isf shSn-
sh®p sIm√p∂ Iq´-cm-sW∂pw D≈ hm¿Ø h∂p.
AXp-tI´ DSs\ injy-∑m-sc√mw ASp-sØmcp Im´n¬
Hfn-°m-\mbn HmSn-t∏mbn. km[-I-∑m¿ \n¿`-b-cm-bn-cn-
°Ww F∂v D]-tZ-in-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ alm-flmhpw
AhcpsS ap≥]-¥n-bn¬Øs∂ HmSn. Xß-fpsS Kpcphpw
Xß-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ `ocp-hm-sW∂pw, a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv
D]tZ-in® \n¿`-bXzw At±-l-Øn-∂n-s√∂pw Ah¿
hnNmcn®p. Ah¿ C°m-cy-sØ-∏‰n Kpcp-Pn-tbmSv ]n∂nSp
tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ At±lw ]d™p: ""temI-Øns‚ IÆn¬
Hcp `ocp-hmbn \nμ°pw ]cn-lm-k-Øn∂pw ]m{X-am-hp-
∂-XmWv, It≠m F√m-hcpw HmSn-t∏mbn, Rm≥ am{X-
amWv Bk-\-Øn¬ A\-ßm-sX-bn-cp∂ alm-flmhv F∂v
Fs‚ Al-¶mcw ]n∂oSv kzbw ]pI-gvØp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ
\√Xv.'' At∏mƒ, injy-∑m¿ Kpcp-hn-s\-∏‰n hnNm-cn-®Xv
sX‰m-bn-cp∂p.
thsdmcp ⁄m\nsb, Poh-∑p-‡s\, I≠m¬ Xncn-
®-dn-bm≥ km[n-°ptam F∂v ̀ K-hm≥ ca-W-a-l¿jn-tbmSv
Hcn-°¬ Hcmƒ tNmZn®p. km-[n-°n-s√∂v At±lw
]d™p. Hcp ⁄m\n°v as‰-√m-hcpw \nXy-ap-‡-cmWv.
At±lw F√m-h-tcbpw {_“-ambn ImWp∂p. At∏mƒ
Hcp ⁄m\n°p Xs∂ ÿnX-{]-⁄-\mb Hcmsf Xncn-
®-dn-bm≥ km[y-a√. Ah¿Æ-\o-b-am-b-Xns\ hm°p-Iƒ
sIm≠v Fßs\ hnh-cn°pw?
KoX c≠m-a-[ymbw 39-˛mw t«mI-Øn¬, `K-hm≥
_p≤n (hnthIw) BWv ]c-a-k-Xy-Øn-te-°p≈ GXp
am¿§-Ønepw (tbmKw) {][m-\ -L-SIw F∂p ]d-bp∂p.
Gjm tX f`nlnXm kmwtJy
_p≤n¿tbmtK Xznamw irWp
_p≤ym bpt‡m bbm ]m¿∞
I¿Ω-_‘w {]lm-kykn
imkv{X-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw Dt±iw NnØ-ip-≤n- ssI-h-cp-
ØpI F∂-XmWv. A¿÷p-\s‚ _p≤nsb \n¿Ω-e-
am°n taml-a-I‰n AXn\v icn-bmb Adnhp \evIp-I-bm-
bn-cp∂p KoX-bpsS Dt±iw. _p≤n icn-bmb Adn-hp-
sIm≠v \bn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ am{Xta timI-tam-l-kw-kmc
Imc-W-ß-fmb _p≤ntZmj-߃°-dpXn hcn-I-bp≈q.
]Øm-a-[ymbw ]Ømw t«mI-Øns‚ hymJym-\-Øn¬
i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ _p≤nsb "kay-KvZ¿i\w, aØ-Øz-
hn-jbw', AXm-bXv, Cuiz-c-XØzw icn-bmw-hÆw {Kln-
54
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
°¬ F∂v \n¿Δ-Nn-°p∂p. Bdm-a-[ymbw 21-˛mw- t«m-I-
Øn¬ {]⁄ (_p≤n) bpsS {]m[m\yw ̀ K-hm≥ ho≠pw
FSp-Øp-]-d-bp∂p. "kpJ-am-Xy-¥nIw bØXv _p≤n-
{KmlyaXo-{μnbw' (B\-μ-kz-cq -]-amb ]c-a-kXyw
_p≤n°p am{Xta {Kln-°m-\mhq). AXp-t]mse, c≠m-
a-[ym-b-Ønepw (t«mIw 53), thZ-hm-Iy-ß-fn¬ Dƒs°m-
≈p∂ ]e-hn[ D]-tZ-i-ß-fm¬ kw{`-an-®p-t]mb a\ v
AXns‚ N©-e-Xbpw A\n-›n-X-Xzhpw hn´v \n›-ehpw
GIm-{K-hp-am-bn-Øo¿∂m¬ am{Xta A¿÷p-\\v ]c-a-amb
tbmKw ssIh-cn-I-bp≈q F∂v ̀ K-hm≥ ]d-bp∂p. ({ipXn
hn{]Xn-]-∂m tX bZm ÿmkyXn \n›em/kam-[m-h-
Nem _p≤nx XZm-tbmKw Ahm-]vkykn.) At∏mƒ,
AØcw ÿnc-_p≤n ssIh∂ Hcm-fpsS e£-W-߃
hnh-cn-®p-X-cm≥ A¿÷p-\≥ ̀ K-hm-t\mSv At]-£n-°p∂p.
ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh-cp-Øm≥ D≈ hgn ]d-™p-X-cm≥
t\cn´v At]-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw, Hcp ÿnX-{]-⁄≥
Fßs\ s]cp-am-dp∂p, a‰p-≈-h¿ At±-lsØ Fßs\
ImWp∂p F∂mWv A¿÷p-\≥ tNmZn-°p-∂Xv.
"ÿnX{]⁄≥' F∂m¬ "Rm≥ ]c-{_“w Xs∂'
F∂v Dd-∏p‰ hnizm-k-ap≈ a\-t m-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcmƒ
F∂mWv i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv (ÿnXm {]Xn-
jvTnXm, "Alw Akvan- ]cw {_“' CXn {]⁄m
bkykx ÿnX{]⁄x ˛ 54-˛mw t«mI-Øns‚ `mjyw).
55-˛mw t«mI-Øns‚ `mjy-Øn¬ BNm-cy¿ ÿnX
-{]-⁄≥ F∂ hm°n\v, Bflm-\m-fl-hn-thIw aqe-
ap≠mb {]⁄-bn¬ kp{]-Xn-jvTn-X-\m-b-h≥ F∂pw
A¿∞w ]d-bp∂p. (ÿnX{]⁄x ÿnXm{]Xn-jvTnXm
Bflm-\m -fl-hn -th-IPm {]⁄m bkykx ÿnX-
{]⁄x) ChnsS A\m-fl-h-kvXp-°ƒ F∂-Xn¬ Cl˛
]c-tem-I-ßfpw icoc˛at\m-kw-Lm-Xhpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂p.
]c-am¿∞-Øn¬, c≠p \n¿h-N-\-߃°pw A¿∞w H∂p
Xs∂. Aßs\, ÿnX-{]-⁄-\m-hp∂-Xn\v Hcmƒ t\Sn-
sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xmb KpW-ßsf kw{K-ln®p ]d-bm≥
`K-hm≥ Hcp-ßn-b-Xns‚ ]›m-Øew CXmWv.
a\p-jys‚ ]c-a-i{Xp
_p≤n-bpsS hnth-I-i‡n \in-∏n®v a\x-im-¥n°pw
_p≤n°pw \miw hcp-Øp∂ F‰hpw {][m\ LSIw
Fs¥∂p hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v `K-hm≥ Xs‚ hnh-cWw
Bcw-`n-°p∂p. Imaw, B{Klw, BWv B kp{]-[m-\-
L-SIw. AXns\ D∑q-e\w sNøWw. ho´n¬ I≈-∑m¿
IS-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v PmK-cq-I-cm-bn-cn-°Ww F∂v P\-
ßsf D¬t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn, Hcp cm{Xn-bn¬ \K-c-
ho-Yn-I-fn-eqsS s]cp-ºd sIm´n \S∂ Hcmƒ sNm√nb
Hcp ]m´p≠v:
Ima-t{Im[u tem`-tamlu
tZtl XnjvT¥n XkvIcmx
⁄m\cXv\m-]-lm-cm¿∞w
Xkvam¬ Pm{KX Pm{KX.
"\nß-fpsS ico-c-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Ct∏mƒØs∂ ⁄m\-am-
Ip∂ cXv\sØ A]-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \mep s]cpw
I≈-∑m¿ IS-∂n-cn-∏p≠v. (]pd-Øp-\n∂pw hcp∂ I≈-
∑m-sc-°p-dn®v thh-em-Xn-s∏-tS≠.) Imaw, t{Im[w, tem`w,
tamlw F∂n-h-bm-W-h¿. AXp-sIm≠v DW-cp-hn≥!
76
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
DW-cp-hn≥!' t{Im[w Ima-Øns‚ Hcp ÿqe-{]-Im-i\w
am{X-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v `K-hm≥ Ahsb H∂mbn IW-
°m°n, AXv \ΩpsS G‰hpw henb i{Xp-hm-sW∂p
]d-bp∂p:
Ima Gj t{Im[ Gj
ctPm-KpW kap-Zv`hx
alm-it\m alm-]m]vam
hnt≤y\w Cl sshcnWw (3.37)
`K-hm≥ ÿnX-{]-⁄-e-£-W-߃ hnh-cn®p
XpSßp∂p.
{]P-lmXn bZm Imam≥
k¿Δm≥ ]m¿∞ at\m-K-Xm≥
Bflt\yhmfl\m XpjvSx
ÿnX-{]⁄kvXtZm-NytX (2.55)
"Hcmƒ a\- nse F√m B{K-l-ß-tfbpw Dt]-£n®v
Bflm-hp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ k¥p-jvS-\m-bn-cn -°p-tºmƒ
Abmsf ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ F∂p ]d-bp∂p!
_p≤-aXw, ssP\-aXw F∂n-h-bpƒs∏sS an°
aXßfpw, B{K-l-ß-fmWv \ΩpsS ZpxJ-߃°pw ZpcnX-
߃°pw {][m\ ImcWw F∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬
tbmPn-°p∂p. B{Klw F∂-Xn¬ ssewKn-I-Imaw, i‡n-
a-Ømb hnImcw, ]pcp-j-\m-sW-¶n¬ kv{Xobp-tSbpw
kv{Xobm-sW-¶n¬ ]pcp-j-t‚bpw kl-hmkw, ASp∏w
F∂n-h-bv°p≈ Xo{h-amb sImXn F∂nh Dƒs∏-Sp∂p.
ssewKn-I-Im-a-Øn\p sXm´p-]ntº hcp∂p [\-Øn-\p≈
B{Klw. Ima˛Im©-\-߃°p≈ sImXn -bmWv
A[ymfl ]ptcm-K-Xn°v G‰hpw henb XS w F∂v
{iocm-a-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k¿ ]d-bp-am-bn-cp∂p. [ym\-apƒ
s∏sS Hcp km[-\bpw D]-tZ-in-°mØ, ⁄m\m¿P\-
Øn\v Hcp {]tXyI D]m-[nbpw \n¿t±-in-°mØ, AjvSm-
h-{I-a-l¿jn t]mepw Ima-Im-©-\-߃°p≈ B{K-
lsØ i‡n-bmbn A]-e-]n-°p∂p.
BÿnXx ]c-am-ssZzXw
tam£m¿t∞- f]n hyh-ÿnXx
B›cyw Ima-h-iKx
hnIex tIfn-in-£bm
(AjvSm-h-{I-KoX 3˛-6)
"AssZz-X-⁄m-\-Øn¬ Dd-∏p-h∂v tam£-{]m-]vXn-bn¬
AXy¥w Xev]-c-\m-bn´pw, ]q¿Δ-hm-k-\-I-fpsS i‡n-
bm¬ Ima-h-i-K-\mbn \o t£m-̀ -Øn-∂n-c-bm-hp∂p F∂Xv
A¤pXw Xs∂.'
"D]tÿ fXy¥ kwkt‡m
amen-\y-a-[n-K-—Xn' (AjvSm-h-{I-KoX 3˛-4)
"Ima-hr-Øn-bn¬ Bk-‡-\mbn Cßs\ aen-\-\m-hp-
∂-sX-ßs\?'
Ahn-\m-in-\-am-flm\w GIw hn⁄mb XØzXx
Xhm-fl-PvRky [oc-ky-IYw A¿∞m¿÷-t\ -cXnx
(3-˛1)
"\mi-an-√m-ØXpw GI-hp-amb Bflm-hns\ bYm¿∞-
Øn¬ Adn-™n´pw Bfl-⁄-s\∂v kzbw Icp-Xp∂
\o Fßs\ [\-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn¬ Xev]-c-\m-hp∂p?'
98
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
k’wKw, {]m¿∞\, P]w, Kpcp-Ir] F∂n-h-bn-eqsS
B{K-l-ß-sf-sb√mw XyPn-°m≥ ]cn-{i-an-®n-s√-¶n¬
Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw t\Sm-\m-hn√. [\w, Ima-t`mKw,
t]cpw s]cp-abpw F∂n-h-bn¬ Hcmƒ Xev]-c-\m-hp-Ibpw
kXy-k-‘-amb hgn-bn¬ Ah t\Sm≥ Abmƒ°v km[n-
°msX hcn-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ Abmƒ Xs‚ e£yw
t\Sp-∂-Xn\v Ak-Xy-Øn-t‚bpw h©-\-bp-tSbpw hgn-Iƒ
Ah-ew-_n-°p∂p. Xm≥ I≠p-]n-Sn-°-s∏Spw, in£n-°-
s∏Spw F∂ `bw Abmsf kZm ]n¥p-S-cp∂p. Abm-
fpsS a\- n\v Hcn-°epw im¥n-bp-≠m-hn√; AXv kZm
{]£p-_v[am-bn-cn°pw. Aßs\, B{K-l-ßsf Dt]-£n-
®n-s√-¶n¬ \ΩpsS a\ v kZm-N-©-e-am-bn-cn°pw, \ap°v
ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh-cn√.
Ima-Øns‚ D¤-h-ÿm\w
B{K-l-ß-fmWv \ΩpsS {][m\ i{Xp-°-sf-¶n¬,
Ah ]pd-ta-\n∂v hcp-∂-h-bmtWm, AtXm, \ΩpsS
a\ nepw ico-c-Ønepw kZm IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂-h-bmtWm
F∂-dn-tb-≠-Xp≠v. Ch a\- n¬ IpSn-sIm-≈p∂p F∂v
`K-hm≥ ]d-bp∂p. Ah kXy-a√, am\-knI hnIm-c-߃
am{X-amWv. a‰p hm°p-I-fn¬, Ah \ΩpsS k¶-ev]-ßtfm
Nn¥-Itfm BWv. \mw Bflm-hmWv. B{K-l-߃°v
Bflm-hp-ambn Hcp _‘-hp-an√. Ah \ΩpsS k¶-ev]-
߃ am{X-am-sW∂v Adn-™p-I-gn-™m¬, "Cu B{K-l-
߃ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ft‚-X√. F\n-°-h-bp-ambn Hcp
_‘-hp-an√. B{K-l-]q¿Øn-sIm≠v F\n-°p-≠mb
kpJw £Wn-Ihpw am\-kn-Ihpw am{X-amWv' F∂v ZrV-
hn-izm-k-tØmsS kzbw Bh¿Øn-®p-]-d™v \ap°v
Ahsb XyPn-°m≥ km[n°pw.
thsd Nne¿ hnNm-cn -°p-∂Xv, ssewKnIkpJw
-t]m-ep≈ kpJ-ß-fn¬ apgp-Ip-∂Xp hgn Ah-cpsS
a\ n\v Xr]vXn hcpw, ]ns∂ Ah-bv°p≈ B{K-l-ap-
≠m-hn√ F∂mWv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ CXp kXy-a√.
{ioaZv ̀ mK-h-X-Øn¬ bbmXn F∂ cmPm-hns‚ IY-bp≠v.
Imam-k-‡-\mb At±-l-Øn\v hm¿≤Iyw _m[n®p. Ima-
t`mKw Akm-[y-am-b-t∏mƒ At±lw Xs‚ hm¿≤Iyw
Cf-b -a-I-\p -sIm-SpØv Ahs‚ buΔ\w ]Icw hmßn
At\-Im-bncw h¿jw Ima-t`mKw A\p-`-hn®p. F∂m¬
Hcp \mƒ, Xs‚ B{K-l-]q¿Øn Hcn-°epw km[y-a√,
AXns\ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øpw-tXmdpw AXv h¿≤n-®p-h-cn-I-
tb-bp≈q F∂v At±-l-Øn\v t_m≤yw h∂p. AXmWv
`K-hm≥ {ioIr-jvW≥ CØcw Ima-\-Isf "alm-i\x'
(F{X `£n-®mepw Xr]vXn-s∏-Sm-ØXv) F∂v KoX-bn¬
hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (3-˛37). bbmXn ]d™p:
\ PmXp Imax Imam\mw
D]-t`m-tK\ imayXn
lhnjm IrjvW-h¿tflh
`qb Fhm-`n-h¿[tX (`mK-hXw 9-˛19.14)
"t`mKm-\p-`hw sIm≠v Ima-߃ Hcn-°epw ian-°p-∂n√.
Xobn¬ s\søm-gn-®m¬ Xo\m-f-߃ h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xp-
t]mse Ah h¿≤n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p∂p:
D]-\n-jØp ]d-bp∂p:
1110
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
bZm k¿tΔ {]ap-Nyt¥ Imam tb fky lrZn-{inXmx
AY-a¿tØym AartXm `hXn A{X {_“ ka-iv\ptX
(ITw 2.6.14)
"a\p-jy≥ kzlr-Z-b-Øn-ep≈ B{K-l-ß-sf-sb√mw
XyPn-°p-tºmƒ Ah≥ Aa-c-\m-bn-Øo-cp∂p; Ah\v
Chn-sS-Øs∂ Ct∏mƒ {_“m-\p-`hw D≠m-hp∂p.'
CXn-e-[nIw \ap-s°-¥p-d-∏p-thWw?
Ima-Øn\v {]Xn-hn[n
Hcp Ip´n Fs¥-¶nepw Aln-X-I-c-amb hkvXp-
sIm≠v Ifn-°m-s\m-cp-sº-́ m¬ Ahs‚ a\- p- am-‰m-\p≈
G‰hpw \√ hgn IqSp-X¬ BI¿j-I-amb Fs¥-¶nepw
Ah\v \evIp-I-bmWv. a\- ns\ Ima-ap-‡-am-°-W-sa-
¶n¬ ]Icw \evIm-hp∂ G‰hpw \√ hkvXp \ΩpsS
Bflm-hp-X-s∂-bmWv. euInIhkvXp-°-fn¬ H∂n¬
\n∂pw kpJtam B\-μtam Hcn-°epw D≠m-hp-∂n√. Hcp
a[pc km[\w Xn∂p-tºmƒ hfsc kpJw tXm∂n-sb-
¶n¬ B kpJw B hkvXp-hn¬ \n∂pw h∂-X√; apºp-
Xs∂ \n¿Æ-bn-°-s∏´ \nß-fpsS CjvSm-\n-jvS-ß-fmWv
AXn\p-Im-cWw. B\-μ-sa√mw \n߃°p-≈n¬Ø-s∂-
bmWv. \nß-fpsS Bflmhv B\-μ-kz-cq-]w-Xs∂ ˛
temI-Øn-ep≈ B\-μ-Øn-s‚sb√mw DdhnSw. Cu
BflmhmWv {]]©Ønt‚bpw AXn-ep≈ F√m hkvXp-
°-fp-tSbpw A[n-jvTm\w. {]]-©hpw AXnse hkvXp-
°-fp-sa√mw Bflm-hn¬ A≤y-kn-®n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. Cu
Bflmhp Xs∂ ]c-a-k-Xy-amb {_“w. Ccp-´n¬ Ibdv
]mºn-s\-t∏mse ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-t]mse, A[ym-tcm]w
ImcWw Bflmhv F√m hkvXp-°-fp-tSbpw cq]-Øn¬
ImW-s∏-Sp∂p. Cu Dd® hnizm-k-tØmsS GIm-{K-X-
tbmsS Bfl-[ym\w sNøm-sa-¶n¬ \ap°v AXp-ey-amb
B\μw e`n°pw. [\w, Ima-t`mKw XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬
\n∂pw e`n°p∂ Hcm-\-μ-Øn∂pw AXn-t\mSv InS-\n-
ev°m≥ Ignbn√. Aßs\ \nc-¥cw Bfl-[ym\w sNøp-
∂-Xp-sImt≠m, "Rm≥ \ne-\n-ev°p∂p, Rm≥ am{Xw
kXyw' (I AM) F∂ ip≤-t_m-[-Øn¬ Bfl-kz-cq-]-
\mbn h¿Øn-°p-∂XpsImt≠m e`n-°p∂ kwXr-]vXn-
sIm≠v F√m B{K-l-ß-tfbpw XyPn®v ÿnX-{]-⁄X
ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw. AXp-sIm≠v, ÿnX-{]-⁄
\mhm≥ Bh-iy-amb BZysØ c≠p LS-I-߃
B{Kl-ß-sf-sb√mw Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw, kwXr-]vXn-
°mbn _mly-h-kvXp-°-sf-sbm∂pw B{i-bn-°msX
\nc-¥cw Bflm-hn¬Øs∂ kwXr-]vXn- I-s≠-Øp-Ibpw
BWv.
ka-Nn-ØX
ASp-Ø-Xmbn `K-hm≥ thsd c≠p Imcy-߃
{]kvXm-hn-°p∂p. At±lw ]d-bp∂p:
ZpxtJ-jz\pZzn·-a\mx
kptJjp hnK-X-kv]rlx
hoX-cm-K-`-b-t{Im[x
ÿnX-[o¿ap-\n-cp-NytX (2.56)
"ZpxJ-Øn¬ a\ v Akz-ÿ-am-Im-Ø-h\pw, kpJ-Øn¬
B{K-l-an-√m-Ø-h\pw, Bk‡n, `bw, t{Im[w F∂n-h-
bn-√m-Ø-h\pw Bb Bsf ÿnX-{]-⁄-s\∂p ]d-
bp∂p.'
1312
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
ZpxJ-ßfpw t¢i-ßfpw aq∂p-X-c-Øn-ep≠v:-
1. B[ym-flnIw (hy‡n-]cw) ˛ ChnsS ZpxJ-Øn-\p≈
ImcWw \n߃ Xs∂-bmWv. DZm: {]ta-l-ap-s≠-
¶nepw \n߃ Ipsd a[pcw Ign-°p∂p, X¬^-e-ambn
hb-dn¬ Akp-J-ap-≠m-hp∂p. ChnsS ZpxJ-Im-cWw
\nß-fpsS hnth-I-c-ln-X-amb {]hr-Øn-bmWv.
2. B[n-`u-XnIw (hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn-ep-≈Xv) ˛ ChnsS,
\nß-fpsS ZpxJ-Øn\p ImcWw as‰m-cm-fmWv. DZm:
\nß-fpsS ho´n¬ I≈-∑m¿ tamjWw \S-Øp∂p;
\nßsf tXƒ Ip-Øp∂p F∂n-ßs\.
3. B[n-ssZ-hnIw ({]Ir-Xn-t£m-`-߃) ˛ `qIºw
ImcWw \nß-fpsS hoSpw kzØpw \in-°p∂p. sh≈-
s∏m°w, kp\man XpS-ßn-bh \mi-\-jvS-ß-fp-≠m-
°p∂p.
Zpcn-X-ßfpw t¢i-ßfpw D≠m-°p∂ Np‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ
\ap°v \nb-{¥-Wm-[o-\-a-s√∂p ImWmw. `K-hm≥ ca-W-
a-l¿jn, {iocm-a-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k¿, am B\-μ-abn
XpS-ßnb alm-flm-°ƒ t]mepw A¥y-Im-eØv ITn-\-
tcm-K-_m-[n-X-cm-bn-cp∂p. IpSpw-_-Øn¬ acWw, [\-
\jvSw F∂nh kw`-hn-°p∂p. \ap-°-hsb XS-bm-\m-hp-
∂n√. F∂m¬ \ap°v Ahsb Imcy-am-sb-Sp-°msX
DZm-ko-\-`mhw ]pe¿Øm\pw Aßs\ kzÿ-Nn-Ø-cm-
bn-cn-°m\pw Ignbpw. kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-sf√mw Xmev°m-en-I-
amWv, h∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-h-bmWv. Ahsb kln-°m≥ \mw
]Tn-°Ww. kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-fm¬ _m[n-°-s∏-SmsX Ahsb
ka-Nn-Ø-X-tbmsS t\cn-Sp∂ Hcmƒ Aa-c-Xz-Øn-\¿l-
\m-bn -Øo-cp∂p F∂v c≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ `K-hm≥
1514
t\csØ ]d-™n-´p≠v (2.15). ZpxJßsf Ah-K-Wn-°-
W-sa-∂Xp a\- n-em°mw; F∂m¬, Pohn-X-kp-J-߃
A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn¬ F¥mWv sX‰v? kpJm-\p-`-h-Øn¬
a\p-jy\v el-cn-]n-Sn-°p∂p, acym-Z-tbmSp IqSnb \√
s]cp-am‰w, kZm-Nm-c-\n-b-a-߃ F∂n-hsb Ah≥ Ah-
K-Wn-°p∂p. c≠m-a-Xmbn, kpJm-\p-`hw IqSpw-tXmdpw
AXn-\p≈ B{Klw IqSn-°qSn hcn-Ibpw Ah km[n-
°m≥ GXp- h-gnbpw kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ah≥ Xøm-dm-hp-
Ibpw sNøp∂p. B{Klw km[n-®n-s√-¶n¬ Ah≥
t{Im[-h-i-K-\m-hp∂p. Ch-sb√mw ImcWw Ahs‚
a\ v Akz-ÿhpw Aÿn-c-hp-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. \ap°v
e`n-°p∂ kpJ-Zpx-J-߃ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ a\- ns‚
`mh\, k¶ev]w, am{X-amWv; Ah kXy-a√.
hr≤-\mb Hcp hyh-kmbn D≠m-bn-cp∂p. Hcp cm{Xn,
Xs‚ Aº-Xp-sIm√w ]g-°-ap≈ ^mIvSdn sI´nSw Xo
]n-Sn®p \in-°p-I-bm-sW∂v Abmƒ I≠p. ^mIvSdn
C≥jq¿ sNbvXn-cp-∂n√. A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb Cu B]-
Øn¬ Abmƒ Ic-™p-Xp-Sßn. At∏m-gmWv, A∂p-
cmhnse B ̂ mIvS-dn-bpsS hnev]-\bv°v G¿∏mSv sNbvXn-
cp∂p F∂pw, Hcp ktlm-Z-c≥ hnev]-\-hn-e-bv°p≈
sN°p-hm-ßm≥ t]mbn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂pw Abm-fpsS
aI≥ h∂p ]d-™Xv. AXp-tI´v hr≤≥ k¥p-jvS-\mbn
\rØw sh®p-Xp-Sßn. Aev]-k-a-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ c≠m-
asØ aI≥ h∂v, ^mIvSdn hmßm≥ \n›-bn® Bƒ
a\ p am‰n-sb∂pw sN°p Xcm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-®p-sh∂pw
]d™p. ho≠pw hr≤≥ hne-]n-®p-Xp-Sßn. Cu kabw
apgp-h≥ ^mIvSdn IØp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
hkvXpX. F∂m¬ hr≤≥ BZyw ZpxJn-X-\mbn; ]ns∂,
^mIvSdn hn‰p F∂p hnNm-cn®v k¥p-jvS-\mbn; ho≠pw,
hnev]\ \S-∂n√ F∂-dn™v ZpxJn-X-\mbn. At∏mƒ,
^mIvS-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ Abm-fpsS kpJ-Ønt\m ZpxJ-
Ønt\m ImcWw. kpJ-Zpx-J-߃ amdn amdn h∂Xv
k¶ev]w, Hcp Nn¥, -am-{X-am-bn-cp∂p.
DZm-l-c-W-ambn thsdmcp IY-bp≠v. {Kma-hm-kn-I-
fmb cma\pw IrjvW\pw kvt\ln-X-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂p. Ah¿
`mKyw tXSn hntZ-iØp t]mbn. {Kma-Øn¬ Ah-cpsS
ho´p-Im¿°v Ah-sc-∏‰n hnh-c-sam∂pw In´n-bn-cp-∂n√,
F∂m¬, Xß-fpsS a°ƒ [mcmfw [\w kºm-Zn-°p-∂p-
≠mhpw F∂p hnNm-cn®v Ah¿ kt¥m-jn®p. ]Øp
-sIm-√-Øn-\p-tijw AtX {Kma-Øn¬ \n∂v tKmhn-μ≥
F∂p ]d™ bphmhv AtX ÿe-tØ°p t]mhp-I-bm-
bn-cp∂p. cma-t‚bpw IrjvW-t‚bpw ho´p-Im¿ Abm-tfmSv
Xß-fpsS a°sf I≠v hnh-c-a-dn-bn-°-W-sa∂v ]d-t™-
ev]n®p. tKmhn-μ≥ cmas\ I≠p; hntZ-iØp h∂v
Xma-kn-bmsX IrjvW≥ acn-®p-sh∂v At∏mƒ cma≥
Abm-tfmSp ]d™p. Xs‚ hym]mcw \∂mbn \S-°p-∂p-
s≠∂pw GXm\pw amk-߃°p-≈n¬ Xm≥ \m´n-te°p
aS-ßp-I-bm-sW∂pw cma≥ Iq´n-t®¿Øp. tKmhn-μ≥
t\csØ aSßn. BcmWv acn-®-sX∂v Abmƒ°v IrXy-
ambn Hm¿Ω-bn-√m-Xmbn. AXp-sIm≠v cmas‚ A—-t\mSv
cma≥ ]t≠ acn-®p-sh∂pw IrjvWs‚ A—-t\mSv
IrjvW≥ [\n-I-\mbn ASpØpXs∂ Xncn-®p-h-cp-sa∂pw
]d™p. Xosc hmkvX-h-hn-cp-≤-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. cma≥
Pohn-®n-cn-∏p-≠m-bn-cp∂p; F∂m¬, Abm-fpsS ho´n¬
cma≥ acn-®p-sh∂v hnNm-cn®p henb hnem-]-am-bn-cp∂p.
IrjvW≥ ]t≠ acn-®n-cp∂p; F∂m¬ Xß-fpsS aI≥
[\n-I-\mbn DSs\ Xncn-s®-Øp-sa-∂m-in®v ho´p-Im¿
B\μ-`-cn-X-cm-bn-cp∂p. kPo-h-\mb cma≥ Xs‚ ho´p-
Im-cpsS ZpxJ-Ønt\m, arX-\mb IrjvW≥ Abm-fpsS
ho´p-Im-cpsS kt¥m-j-Ønt\m hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Imc-W-
°m-cm-bn-cp-∂n√.
AXp-sIm≠v kpJ-Zpx-J-߃ am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-Iƒ
am{X-amWv; Ahbv°v Imc-W-ambn hmkvX-h-Øn¬ H∂p-
an√. kz¥w a\- ns\ C°mcyw t_m[y-s∏SpØn kpJ-
Zpx-J-߃ AXns\ _m[n-°m-Xm°mw. Aßs\ a\- n\v
kzÿhpw ÿnc-hp-ambn h¿Øn-°m≥ km[y-amhpw.
kpJ-Zpx-Jm-\p-`-h-߃ Al-¶m-csØ ˛ \ap°v
\ΩpsS ico-c-hp-am-bp≈ XmZm-fly-t_m-[sØ ̨ B{ibn-
®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p ImWmw. \msa√mw Bflm-hmWv; Htc
Bflm-hmWv F√m ico-c-ß-fnepw h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv. F√m
_ƒ_p-I-fnepw Htc sshZypXn hym]n-®n-cn -°p∂p;
F∂m¬, _ƒ_n\p kw -̀hn-°p-∂-sXm∂pw sshZyp-Xnsb
_m[n-°p-∂n√. AXp-t]mse Bflm-hn\v ico-c-hp-ambn
Hcp _‘-hp-an√. AXp-sIm≠v, Hc-SpØ _‘p-hns‚
acWw-t]mse ZpxJ-Øn-\p- Im-c-W-amb ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-Iƒ
ico-c-tØmSp _‘-s∏-´-h-bmWv; _‘p-°ƒ°v ico-c-
tØm-SmWv _‘w, Bflm-hn-t\m-S√. \mw hmkvX-h-Øn¬
BcmWv F∂-dn-bm-Ø-XmWv kpJ-Zpx-J-߃s°√mw
ImcWw. Kpcp-hn¬ \n∂pw imkv{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw {_“-
⁄m\w ˛ Bfl-⁄m\w ˛ kn≤n-®m¬ kpJ-Zpx-J-߃
\sΩ _m[n-°mØ Ahÿ e`y-amIpw.
1716
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
cmK ˛ tZzj ˛ `b-߃
ÿnX{]⁄-Xbv°v FXn-cmb ]n∂sØ {][m-\
-L-SIw aqs∂Æw H∂n-®p-tN¿∂-XmWv ̨ cmK, ̀ b, t{Im[-
߃. cmKw (Bk‡n) AXn-s\-Xn-cmb tZzjw (shdp∏v)
F∂ LS-I-tØbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p. Hcp]t£ tZzjw
cmK-tØ-°mƒ _e-s∏-´-Xmhmw.
Hcn-°¬ Ahn-hm-ln-X-bmb Hcp [\n-I-bp-hXn Nne
km[-\-߃ hmßp-∂-Xn-\mbn Aßm-Sn-bn¬ t]mbn.
t]bn-f-Inb Hcp ]´n AhnsS sh®v Ahsc ISn®p. km[\-
߃ hmßm≥ hfsc ka-b-sa-SpØp. Ah¿°v hfsc
Akzmÿyw tXm∂n. Ah¿ Ipd-®-I-se-bp≈ Ah-cpsS
tUmIvS-dpsS ho´n-te°v Imtdm-Sn-®p-t]mbn. tUmIvS¿
Ahsc ]cn-tim-[n-®-tijw, kabw hfsc sshIn-sb∂pw
hnjw Ah-cpsS ico-c-Øn¬ ]c∂p Ign™p F∂pw
]d-™p. GXm\pw aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ Ah¿ Hcp
]´n-sb-t∏mse Ipc-bv°m\pw Bfp-Isf ISn-°m\pw
XpSßpw; AXp -sIm≠v At±lw Ah¿°v Xs‚
Hky-sØ-gp-Xm≥ Ipd®p IS-em pw t]\bpw FSp-Øp-
sImSpØp. Ah¿ t]PpIƒ \ndsb Fgp-Xn-Øp-Sßn.
A¤p-X-s∏´ tUmIvS¿ AXn-s\-∏‰n At\z-jn®p. Xm≥
Hcp ]´n-sb-t∏mse s]cp-am-dn-Øp-S-ßn-bm¬ ISn-t°-≠-
Xmb, Xm≥ shdp-°p∂, Bfp-I-fpsS ]´nI Fgp-Xp-I-
bmWv F∂v Ah¿ ]d™p. ChnsS tZzjw cmK-tØ-°mƒ
i‡n-a-Øm-sW∂p ImWmw. `ojva¿, t{ZmW¿ XpS-ßnb
Xs‚ Kpcp-°-∑m-tcmSpw ktlm-Z-c-Xp-ey-cmb a‰p _‘p-
°-tfmSpw D≈ cmKw-aq-e-amWv A¿÷p\\v Xs‚ I¿Ø-
hy-sØ-∏‰n ˛ bp≤w sNbvXv Ahsc h[n-°-Wtam,
AtXm, bp≤-Øn¬ \n∂v ]n∑m-d-Wtam, F∂v ˛ Bi-b-
°p-g-∏hpw at\m-hn-{`-ahpw D≠m-bXv. thsd Bsc-¶n-ep-
amWv bp≤k∂-≤-cmbn X\n-s°-Xnsc \n∂n-cp-∂Xv
F¶n¬ Ahsc s\mSn-bn-S-bn¬ h[n-°p-∂-Xn\v At±-l-
Øn\v Hcp hnj-ahpw tXm∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n√.
cmhW≥ bp≤-°-f-Øn¬ acn®pInS-°p-tºmƒ
hn`oj-W≥ Aev]w AIse DZm-ko-\-\mbn \nev°p-I-
bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v hmevaoIn cmam-b-W-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p.
At∏mƒ {iocm-a≥ At±-l-tØmSv cmh-Ws‚ A¥y-
I¿Ω-߃°p≈ G¿∏m-Sp -Iƒ sNøm≥ ]d-bp∂p.
ImcWw, i{Xp acn-®p-I-gn-™m¬ ]ns∂ i{XpX Ahkm-
\n-°Ww.
`b-amWv a\- ns\ Akz-ÿ-am-°p∂ thsdmcp
LSIw. ssZzX-`m-h-\-bmWv `b-Øn-\p- Im-cWw F∂v
D]-\n-j-Øp-Ifpw `mK-h-Xhpw ]d-bp∂p. \mw Hmtcm-cp-
Øcpw A\y-cn¬ \n∂pw `n∂-cmb hy‡n-I-fmWv F∂v
Nn¥n-°p∂ Ime-tØmfw a‰p hy‡n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw
hkvXp-°-fn¬ \n∂pw `b-ap-≠mhpw. Htc `K-hm≥ Xs∂-
bmWv ]e cq]-ß-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. kn\n-a-bn¬
Htc \S≥ Xs∂ Hcp bm{Xn-I-\m-bn´pw Abmsf hgn-
bn¬sh®v B{I-an-°p∂ sIm≈-°m-c-\m-bn´pw A`n-\-bn-
°p∂p F¶n¬ B¿ Bsc `b-s∏-SWw? Cub-Sp-Ø-
ImeØv `K-hm≥ ca-W-a-l¿jnsb I≈-∑m¿ B{i-a-
Øn¬ sh®v B{I-an-°p-Ibpw ASn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp
F∂pw At±lw \n¿`-b-\mbn AhnsS \n∂p F∂pw \mw
tI´n-´p≠v. B I≈-∑msc t]meo-kp-Im¿ ]nSn®v At±-l-
Øns‚ apºn¬ sIm≠p-h∂p; F∂m¬, At±lw Ahsc
1918
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn®p. _mw•q-cnse Xncp®n kzman-
I-fpsS Poh-Ncn-{X-Ønepw CØcw Hcp kw`hw hnh-cn-
°p-∂p≠v. At±lw sNdp-∏-Øn¬ {ioe-¶-bn¬ sh®v Hcp
aZw s]m´nb B\sb shdpw t\m´w sIm≠v sacp-°p-I-
bp-≠mbn. AXv P\-Øn-c-°p≈ Hcp ÿeØv \nb-{¥-
W-an-√msX ]m™v Ipsd _p≤-`n-£p-Isf B{I-an-°p-
sa∂ ÿnXn-bn-em-bn-cp∂p. `bsØ Pbn-°p-hm≥ c≠p
hgn-I-fp≠v. H∂v, Htc Bflm-hmWv F√m ico-c-ß-fnepw
hkvXp-°-fnepw hym]n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂pw Bflm-hn¬
\n∂p- `n-∂-ambn, AXn\v tZmjw hcp-Øp-∂-hn[w, temI-
Øn¬ H∂p-an-s√∂pw Adn-bpI. c≠m-a-tØXv ̀ ‡n-am¿§-
amWv ˛ Htc Cuiz-c-\mWv F√m cq]-ß-fmbpw {]Xy-£-
s∏-Sp-∂Xv F∂-dn-bp-Ibpw Cuiz-c≥ k¿ΔZm Xs∂
c£n°pw F∂v Dd-∏mbn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI.
`mKhXw ]d-bp∂p:
`bw ZznXo-bm-`n-\n-th-iXx kymXv
Cuim-Z-t]-Xky hn]-cytbmfkvarXnx
X∑m-b-bmtXm _p[ B`-tPØw
`ss‡y-I-tbiw Kpcp-tZ-h-Xmflm (11.2.37)
(Cuiz-cs\ hnkva-cn® a\p-jy\v Bfl-t_m-[-ap-≠m-hn√.
X∑qew, Abmƒ°v tZlm-`n-am-\hpw, AXn¬ \n∂v icoc-
tØmSv _‘-s∏´ hkvXp-°-fn¬ B{K-lhpw Bk-
‡nbpw D≠m-hp∂p. AtXmsS Ah -\-jvS-s∏-Sptam
F∂pw Xm≥ acn-°ptam F∂pw D≈ ̀ bhpw D≠m-hp∂p.
CsX√mw Cuiz-cs‚ amb-bpsS {]h¿Ø\w aqe-amWv.
AXp-sIm≠v hnth-I-ap≈ a\p-jy≥ Kpcp-hnepw tZh-X-
I-fnepw k¿Δ Pohn-I-fnepw Cuizc km∂n[yw I≠-
dn™v ]q¿Æ-`-‡n-tbmsS Cuiz-cs\ tkhn-°Ww.)
t{Im[w Ima-Øns‚ Hcp ̀ mKw Xs∂-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠v
\mw Ahsb H∂n-®mWv ]cn-K-Wn-®n-´p-≈Xv. B{K-l-
]q¿Øn-bn¬ XS- -ß-fp-≠m-hp-tºmƒ \mw t{Im[-h-i-K-
cm-hp∂p. t{Im[-h-i-K-\mb a\p-jys‚ a\ v Ießn
adn™v Xm≥ sNøp-∂Xpw ]d-bp-∂Xpw F¥m-sW∂v
Abmƒ°-dn-bm-Xm-hp∂p. ]d-bm≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xp- ]d™v
Abmƒ°v ]n∂oSv ]›m-Ø-]n-t°≠n hcpw. ]e sIme-
]m-X-I-ßfpw \S-°p-∂Xv t{Im[-Øn\p hg-ßn-bn-´mWv.
hmevao-In-cm-am-bWw kpμ-c-Im-fi-Øn¬ t{Im[-Øns‚
tZmj-ß-sf-∏‰n l\p-ams‚ Hcp \o≠ at\m-K-X-ap≠v.
e¶-bn-ep≈ koXm-tZ-hn°pw B]-Øp-]-‰n -tb°mw
Ft∂m¿°msX, Xm≥ t{Im[-h-i-K-\mbn Btem-N-\-bn-
√msX e¶- ap-gp-h≥ Zln-∏n-®-Xn-s\-∏‰n At±lw Nn¥n-
°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. cmK˛`b˛t{Im[-ß-fpsS ]nSn-bn¬ \n∂v
tamN\w {]m]n-°msX Hcmƒ°v ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssI
h-cn-I-bn√.
ip`m-ip-̀ -ß-fn¬ kaXzw
ASp-Ø-Xmbn `K-hm≥ ]d-bp∂p.
bx k¿Δ-{Xm-\-`n-kvt\lx
Xج {]m]y ip`m-ip`w
\m`n-\-μXn \ tZzjvSn
Xky-{]⁄m {]Xn-jvTnXm (2.57)
‘H∂nepw Bk-‡n-bn-√msX, X\n°p ip`-I-c-ß-fmb
Imcy-ßsf A`n-\μn-°m-sXbpw Aip-`-I-c-ß-fm-b-hsb
shdp-°m-sXbpw h¿Øn-°p-∂-hs‚ {]⁄ ÿnc-am-bn-
Øo-cp∂p.’
2120
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
CØcw Hcm-ibw AjvSm-h-{I-Ko-X-bnepw ImWmw:
ip`m-ip-t`- hn-lm-bmkvam˛
Zl-amtk bYm-kpJw (13.7)
"CXp \√-XmWv, CXp NoØ-bmWv F∂ Nn¥-bp-t]-
£n®v Rm≥ kpJ-ambn Ign-bp∂p.'
GXv Bk-‡nbpw A[ym-fl-]p-tcm-K-Xn°v XS- -
amWv. Cu hnjbw t\csØ ]cn-K-Wn®p Ign™p. A\p-
Iq-e-am-b-Xns\ {]iw-kn-°-cpXv, {]Xn-Iq-e-am-b-Xns\ \nμn-
°p-Ibpw AcpXv F∂pw Cu KoXm-t«m-I-Øn\v A¿∞w
]d-bp-∂p≠v. Hcp I¿ΩsØ, AYhm, hy‡nsb {]iw-
kn-°pI; AXp-t]mse, F¥n-s\-sb-¶nepw \nμn-°pI,
As√-¶n¬ Dt]-£n-°pI ˛ Ch-c≠pw ths≠-∂p
-sh-°Ww. \√Xp Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ
\n߃ thsdm-cm-fpsS, AYhm, hkvXp-°-fpsS ta∑tbm,
KpWtam, tZmjtam t\m°n-s°m-≠n-cn°pw. CXv t`Z
Nn¥°pw H∂n-t\mSv {]tXyIw B\p-Iqeyw ImWn-°p-
∂-Xn\pw hgn-sh-°p∂p. kw`-hn-°p-∂-sX¥pw Cuiz-c≥
ap≥Iq´n \n›-bn-®-Xmb Hcp {]]-©-\m-S-I-amWv. \√Xpw
NoØ-bp-sa√mw At±-l-Øns‚ C—. NoØ-bm-sW∂p
\ap-°p- tXm-∂p-∂-Xns\ \nμn-°p-∂Xv B ]q¿Æ-X-bpsS
C—sb hna¿in-°p-I-bm-bn-cn°pw. AsX√mw a\- ns\
Akz-ÿ-am-°p∂p. `mK-hXw ]d-bp∂p.
\ Ipcym∂ htZXv In©nXv
\ [ymtbXv km[z-km-[phm
Bflm-cmtamf\bm hrXym
hnN-tcXv PU-h-∑p\nx (11.11.17)
"Fs¥-¶nepw \√-Xm-sWt∂m NoØ-bm-sWt∂m Nn¥n-
°-cpXv, ]d-b-cpXv, sNø-cpXv. ap\n (⁄m\n) Bflm-hn¬
Øs∂ can-®p-sIm≠v PU-s\-t∏mse BN-cn-°Ww.'
C{μn-b-kw-baw
CXp-h-sc-bmbn `K-hm≥ a\- ns‚ ÿncX ]pe¿
Øp-hm≥ aq∂p Imcy-߃ ]d™p. 1) Ima-\-Iƒ
XyPn°pI; 2) kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-I-cn-°msX Bflm-
hn¬Øs∂ kwXr-]vX-\mbn h¿Øn-°pI; 3) cmKw, ̀ bw,
t{Im[w F∂nh Dt]-£n-°pI. C\n `K-hm≥ C{μnb
kwbaw F∂ \mem-asØ LS-IsØ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂p:
bZm kwl-ctX Nmbw
Iq¿tΩm fMvKm\oh k¿Δix
C{μn-bmWn C{μn-bm¿t∞`yx
Xky-{]⁄m {]Xn-jvTnXm (2.58)
"Ba Xs‚ AwK-ßsf F√m-bn-SØp\n∂pw D≈n-te°p
]n≥h-en-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, Xs‚ C{μn-b-ßsf Ah-bpsS
hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]n≥h-en-°p∂ BfpsS {]⁄ ÿnc-
am-bn-cn°pw.'
C{μn-b-ßsf Ah-bpsS hnj-b-ß-fn¬ hym]-cn-°m≥
hnS-cpXv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Hcp ]pcp-js‚ Imcy-Øn¬,
hfsc \∂mbn hkv{Xw [cn® Hcp kv{Xosb \nc-Øn¬
sh®p I≠m¬ DSs\ \nß-fpsS IÆp-Isf ]n≥Xn-cn-
°pI; As√-¶n¬, \nß-fpsS a\ v B hy‡n-bm¬
BI¿jn-°-s∏-t´°mw; AYhm, \nß-fpsS ]Xv\n°v
AØcw Hcp hkv{Xw hmßn-s°m-Sp-°m≥ B{K-l-ap-≠m-
2322
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
tb°mw. Aßs\ AXv \nß-fpsS a\- ns\ Akz-ÿ-
am°pw. AXp-t]mse, \n߃ hgn-bn¬ \S-°p-tºmƒ Hcp
IS-bn¬ \n∂v AXy¥w hj-fmb ]m´p-Iƒ tI´p-sh-∂n-
cn-°s´; DSs\ AØcw ]m´p-Iƒ tIƒ°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v
{ih-tW-{μn-bsØ ]n≥h-en-°Ww. Ah \nß-fpsS
a\ n¬ B ka-bØpw, ]n∂oSv Ah-bpsS Hm¿Ω
hcp-tºmgpw, NoØ kwkvIm-c-߃ D≠m°pw. hgnsb
t]mIp∂ Hcp Ba Fs¥-¶nepw XS w I≠m¬ DSs\
AXns‚ Xebpw Imep-Ifpw ]pd-wtXm-Sn-\p-≈n-te°p
]n≥h-en°pw. AtX-t]mse, \mw cq]w, i_vZw, ckw,
kv]¿iw F∂n-ßs\ GsX-¶nepw C{μn-b-hn-j-b-hp-ambn
_‘-s∏-Sm≥ CS-h-∂m¬ DSs\ IÆv, sNhn XpS-ßnb
AXm-Xn-{μn-b-ßsf B hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]n≥h-en-
°Ww; As√-¶n¬ Ah B ka-bØp am{X-a√, B
hnj-b-kv]¿i-߃ ImcWw D≠mb kwkvIm-c-ß-fm¬
]n∂oSpw, Akz-ÿ-amhpw.
_p≤-`-K-hm-s‚-b-SpØv ]Øp-sIm√w ]Tn-®p-sIm-≠n-
cp∂ Hcp `n£p kwLwhn´v tZim-S\w sNbvXv [¿Ωw
{]N-cn-∏n-°-W-sa∂v B{K-ln-®p-ht{X. bm{X]d-bp∂
ka-bØv At±lw _p≤-t\mSv Fs¥-¶nepw D]-tZiw
X\n°v \evI-W-sa∂v At]-£n®p. _p≤≥ ]d™p:
"GsX-¶nepw kv{Xosb I≠m¬ Ahsf t\m°msX
IÆp-Isf ]n≥Xn-cn-°Ww.' _p≤s‚ {]nb injy-\mb
B\-μ≥ tNmZn®p: "`K-h≥, Ct±-l-Øn\v at‰-bmƒ
kv{XobmtWm ]pcp-j-\mtWm F∂-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v icn-bmbn
t\m°t≠?' _p≤≥ ]d™p: "icn, ImWp-∂-Xnepw
sX‰n√. ]t£, Hcn-°epw Hcp kv{Xosb sXm´p-t]m-I-
cpXv.' ho≠pw B\-μ≥ ]d™p: "Hcp kv{Xo sh≈-Øn¬
apßn-®m-hp-I-bm-sW-¶nepw `n£p Ahsf c£n®p
Icbv°p sIm≠p-h-tc≠; As√-¶n¬, Hcp kv{Xo hgnbn¬
t_m[w sI´p-In-S-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ `n£p Ah-fpsS
t_m[-£bw am‰m≥ {ian-t°≠, F∂mtWm Aßp
]d-bp-∂Xv?' _p≤≥ ho≠pw Btem-Nn®p ]d™p:
"icn. CØcw {]tXyI ]cn -Xx -ÿn-Xn -I -fn¬ B
hy‡nsb sXmSp-∂-Xn¬ tZmj-an√. F∂m¬, Hcp Imcyw
{i≤n-°Ww. Ft∏mgpw ]q¿Æ-t_m-[-h-\m-bn-cn-°Ww.'
Ba hgn-bn¬ F¥n-s\-sb-¶nepw I≠m¬ DSs\
Xs‚ ]pdw-tXm-Sn-∂p-≈n-te°v hen-bp∂p. CXpXs∂-
bmWv Hcp km[-I\pw sNtø-≠Xv. hnjw Ign-®m¬
am{Xta Hcp-hs\ sIm√p-∂p≈q; F∂m¬ hnj-b-߃,
Ahsb I≠m¬, As√-¶n¬, kv]¿in-®m¬Øs∂ Hcp-
hs\ (B[ym-fln-I-ambn) sIm√p∂p F∂v i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿
hnthI-Nq-Um-a-Wn-bn¬ ]d-bp∂p. Aßs\, Ba a\-
ns‚ ÿnc-X-bpsS {]Xo-I-amWv. `mK-h-X-Øn¬ tZhm-
kp-c-∑m¿ AarXp e`n-°m-\mbn ]mem-gn- I-S-bp∂ IY-
bp≠v. IS-tIm-embn D]-tbm-Kn® aμ-c-]¿ΔXw h√msX
CfIn apßm≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ `K-hm≥ Ba-bpsS
cq]-sa-SpØv (Iq¿Ωm-h-Xmcw) aμ-c-]¿Δ-X-Øn\v Dd®
Xmßmbn \n∂p.
hn´p-t]m-Im≥ hnj-a-amb hnj-b-ckw
ITn-\-tcmKw _m[n® Hcmƒ°v Blmcw, As√-¶n¬,
BI¿j-I-ß-fmb a‰v hkvXp-°ƒ F∂nh ImWp-tºmƒ
Xmev]cyw tXm∂p-∂n√; Abm-fpsS C{μn-b-߃ \nb-{¥n-
2524
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
X-ß-fmWv. Abm-fpsS {]⁄ ÿnc-am-sb∂v CXn-\¿∞-
apt≠m? C√. C{μn-b-߃ {]Xym-lr-X-ß-fmWv; cq]w,
ckw, kv]¿iw, K‘w, i_vZw F∂o hnjb-ß-fm-Ip∂
Blmcw Ahbv°p e`n-°p-∂n√ F¶nepw hnj-b-ß-tfm-
Sp≈ am\-knIkwKw (Bk‡n) A{X Ffp-∏-Øn¬
hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂n√. `K-hm≥ t\csØ ]d-™Xpt]mse,
Cu Bk‡n Dt]-£n-°p-∂Xv Bh-iy-amWv. `K-hm≥
XpS¿∂p ]d-bp∂p:
hnj-bm- hn-\n-h¿Øt¥
\ncm-lm-c-ky- tZ-ln\x
ck-h¿Pw ctkmf]yky
]cw-ZrjvSzm \nh¿ØtX (2.59)
"Hcmƒ Xs‚ C{μn-b-ßsf hnj-bm-\p-`-h-Øn¬ \n∂v
Xosc AI-‰n-\n¿Øp-tºmƒ, XyPn-°-s∏´ B hnj-b-߃
amdn \nev°p∂p F¶nepw, hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈ kq£va-amb
cpNn, As√-¶n¬ kpJm-\p-`-h-Øns‚ kwkvImcw, \ne-
\n-ev°pI Xs∂ sNøp∂p. ]c-a-k-XysØ km£m¬°-
cn-°p-tºmƒ Cu kq£va-amb ckhpw Xosc hn´p-am-dp∂p.'
GXp km[-I\pw Pohn-X-Øn¬ Nne hnj-b-kp-J-
߃ A\p-`-hn-®n-cn°pw. t\c-sØ-bp-≠mb B kpJm-
\p-`-h-Øns‚ ckw a\- n¬ AXns‚ kwkvIm-csØ
Df-hm-°p∂p. Imbw kq£n-®n-cp∂ `c-Wn-bn¬ \n∂v
Imbw apgp-h≥ FSp-Øp-am-‰n-bmepw B aWw _m°n
\nev°p∂p. AXp-t]mse, \mw Ba-sb-t∏mse C{μn-b-
ßsf hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]n≥h-en®v H∂pw ImWp-Itbm
aW-°p-Itbm kv]¿in-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂n-s√-¶nepw B
hnjbm-\μw, ckw, a\- n¬ AXns‚ ap{Z ]Xn-∏n-°p∂p.
Hcp \nan-j-t\-csØ _‘w, £Wn-I-amb Hcp t\m´w
AYhm kv]¿iw aXn AXns‚ ckw a\- n¬ Ahtijn
∏n°m≥.
Hcp IY-bp≠v. c≠p bph-k-\ym-kn-am¿ H∂n®p bm{X
sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. Ah¿°v hgn-bn¬ Hcp ]pg IS-°m-
\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]pg-bn¬ Ac-hsc sh≈-ap≠v. kpμ-cn-
bmb Hcp bphXn ssII-fn¬ \ndsb kmam-\-ß-fp-ambn
AhnsS \n∂n-cp∂p. Ahƒ°v A°-c-bn-ep≈ ̀ ¿Xr-Krl-
Øn¬ t]mIWw. Fßs\ ]pg-I-S-°p-sa∂v Nn¥n-®p
-\n-ev°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Ahƒ. kmcn \\™p hrØn-
tISm-hmsX `¿Xr-Kr-l-Øn-se-Ø-W-sa∂v Ah-fm-{K-
ln®p. {]mbw Ipd™ k∂ym-kn-tbmSv Ahƒ Xs∂bpw
kmam\-ß-tfbpw \\-bmsX A°sc FØn-°m≥ At]-
£n®p. At±lw Ahsf klm-bn®p. at‰ k∂ymkn
AXr-]vXn-tbmsS AXp t\m°n\n∂p. c≠p k∂ym-kn-
amcpw ]pg-bpsS adp-I-c-bn¬ Hcp k{X-Øn¬ cm{Xn
Xmakn®p, B kv{Xosb ssIbn-se-SpØv adp-I-sc-sb-
Øn-®Xp-aqew {_“-N-cy-{hXw ewLn® k∂ymkn F¥p
henb sX‰mWv sNbvXXv F∂m-bn-cp∂p apXn¿∂
k∂ymkn hfsc t\cw Nn¥n-®Xv. cmhnse At±-l-Øn\v
Xs‚ AXr]vXn {]I-Sn-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ km[y-a-√m-Xmbn.
At±lw bph-k-∂ym-kn-tbmSv B kv{Xo°v hfsc `mc-
ap≠m-bn-cp-∂pthm F∂p tNmZn®p. At±lw ]d™p:
"Rm≥ Ahsf GXm\pw \nan-j-߃ am{X-amWv hln-
®Xv. F∂m¬ cm{Xn apgp-h≥ Ahsf a\- n¬ hln-®p-
sIm-≠n-cp∂ Aß°v A°mcyw IqSp-X¬ Adn-tb-≠-
XmWv.'
2726
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
hnj-b-߃ a\- n¬ Ahtijn∏n°p∂ ckw
hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ah-bn-ep≈ Bk‡n Xs∂-bmWv. Cu
kq£va-amb Bk-‡nbpw t]mIWw. ]c-a-k-XysØ,
"Rm≥ AXp-X-s∂-bmWv' F∂v km£m¬°-cn-°p-tºmƒ
am{Xta AXp t]mIq. Cu ]q¿Æ-km-£m¬°mcw ssIh-
cp-∂Xp-hsc Xm≥ hnj-b-ß-fpsS BI¿j-W-Øn¬
\n∂v XnI®pw ap‡-\m-sW∂v Bcpw hnNm-cn-°-cpXv. B
km£m¬°mcw e`n® Bƒ {_“-kz-cq-]-\mbn h¿Øn-
°p∂p. Xm≥ e£y-Øn-seØn F∂p Nn¥n-°m≥ At±l
-Øn\v Hcp {]tXyI hy‡nXzw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂n√.
hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v AI∂p\n∂-Xp-sIm≠p am{X-
am-bn√, hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈ Bk‡n ˛ ckw ˛ IqSn C√m-
Xm-IWw, As√-¶n¬ AXv a\- ns\ Akz-ÿ-am°pw.
C°m-cy-Øn¬ \nc-¥-c-amb PmK-cq-IX Bh-iy-amWv.
Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v F√m Bk-‡n-I-
tfbpw hmk-\-I-tfbpw D∑q-e\w sNø-W-sa∂v Hcp
hiØpw, Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw e`n-®mte Ah icn°pw
C√m-Xm-hp-I-bp≈q F∂v adp-h-iØpw ]d-bp-∂Xv Hcp
hnj-a-hr-Ø-am-hp∂p. km[-\-bpsS L´-Øn¬Øs∂,
kz]-cn-{iaw sIm≠pw Kpcp-hn-t‚bpw Cuiz-c-t‚bpw Ir]-
sIm≠pw an° Bk-‡n-I-tfbpw C√m-Xm-°Ww; C√m-
Xm-°m≥ km[y-amWv. k’wKw, a{¥-P]w, ]c-am-flm-hn-
t\mSv, As√-¶n¬, \ΩpsS CjvS-tZ-h-X-tbmSv sNøp∂
{]m¿∞\ F∂nh \ap°v AXy¥w D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amWv
F∂mWv Fs‚ kz¥w A\p-`hw. B kXy-h-kvXp-hns\
Bflm-sht∂m, ]c-am-flm-sht∂m, inh-s\t∂m, hnjvWp-
sht∂m F¥p- t]cp hnfn-®mepw, AXns\ `mh\
sNøp-∂Xv AItØm ]pdtØm BsW-¶nepw, B
t_m[w \ΩpsS Bflm¿∞-amb {]m¿∞-\bv°v {]Xn-
I-cn-°p∂p. km[-\m-L-´-Øn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw XS- tam
kwi-btam ImWp-tºmƒ {]m¿∞-\-sIm≠v Ahsb
\o°m≥ Xo¿®-bmbpw km[n°pw. C°m-cy-Øn¬ F\n°v
]e A\p-`-h-ßfpw D≠m-bn-´p≠v. Xo{h-amb km[-\-
sIm≠v a\ v Bflm-hn¬ Dd-®p-I-gn-™m¬ hmk-\-I-
sf√mw \ma-dn-bmsX Xs∂ £bn®p XpSßpw. km[-\-
Iƒs°√mw tijhpw Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ kq£va-amb
ckw {]h¿ØI-am-hmsX _oP-cq-]-Øn¬ InS°pw; \mw
kZm PmK-cq-Icm-bn-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬, Aev]-amb hnj-b-
kv]¿iw sIm≠p-t]mepw AXv {]h¿Ø-I-am-sb-∂-hcpw.
C{μn-b-ß-fpsS i‡n
C{μn-b-kw-baw IqSmsX ÿnX-{]-⁄-X-bpsS
kmcamb kayKv Z¿i\w, icn-bmb ⁄m\w, D≠m-hn√.
CXmWv `K-hm≥ C\n ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv:
bX-tXm-ly]n Iut¥b
]pcp-j-ky -hn-]-›nXx
C{μn-bmWn {]am-Yo\n
lc¥n {]k`w a\x (2.60)
Xm\n k¿ΔmWn kwbay
bp‡ BkoX aXv]cx
hti -ln- b-tky-{μn-bmWn
Xky-{]⁄m {]Xn-jvTnXm (2.61)
"tl A¿÷p\m, hnth-In-bmb Hcmƒ hfsc ]cn-{i-
an -°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw, C{μn-b-߃ AXn-i-‡-ßfpw
2928
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
Abmsf Atß-b‰w ]nSn-®n-f-°m≥ Ign-hp-≈-hbpw
Bb-Xp-Im-cWw, Ah a\- ns\ _e-ambn (Bfl-[ym-\-
Øn¬ \n∂v) hgn sX‰n-°p∂p.
a\- ns\ F√m ka-bØpw Cuiz-c-\n¬ ̀ ‡n-]q¿Δw
\n¿Øn C{μn-b-ßsf ]q¿Æ-ambn kwb-a\w sNbvXp-
sh-°p∂ hy‡n-bpsS {]⁄- ÿn-c-am-sW∂v ]d-bp∂p.'
C°mcyw t\csØ ]d-™-Xm-sW-¶nepw `K-hm≥
AXns‚ {]m[m\yw ChnsS FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-I-bmWv. c≠m-
a-[ymbw 68-˛mw t«mI-Øn¬ `K-hm≥ ho≠pw C{μn-b-
kw-b-a-Øns‚ Bh-iy-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂p≠v.
km[-\-bpsS Hcp L´-Ønepw hnj-b-ß-tfmSv
X\n°p≈ BI¿jWw C√m-Xmbn F∂v km[-I≥
hnNmcn-°-cpXv. C{μn-b-߃ kabw ImØn-cn-°p∂p.
hmevao-In-cm-am-bW-Øn¬ hmevaoIn, amlm-fly-sa√mw
C√m-Xmbn. cW-̀ q-an-bn¬ acn-®p-In-S-°p∂ cmh-Ws\ I≠v
hne-]n-°p∂ atfim-Z-cnsb h¿Æn-°p-∂p≠v. atfim-Zcn
]d-bp∂p: "tl cmhWm, (X]- p-sN-øp∂ ImeØv) Aßv
C{μn-b-ß-sf-sb√mw Pbn-®n-cp∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv
Aßbv°v ss{Xtem-Iym-[n-]Xyw e`n-®Xv. C{μn-b-߃
]Icw ho´m≥ ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂p tXm∂p∂p.
AXp-sIm≠v Aßv Aev]w A{i≤ ImWn-®-t∏mƒ Ah
Aßbv°v Cu ITn-\-amb B]Øp hcpØn.' C{μn-b-ß-
fpsS taep≈ ]nSn \nan-j-t\-cw-t]mepw Ab-®p-hn-S-cpXv;
"km[-I-\mb Rm≥' C√m-Xmbn, "Rm≥ Fs‚ C{μn-b-
ßsf AS°n\n¿Øp∂p' F∂p hnNm-cn-°m≥ Bcpw
C√m-Xm-hp-∂-Xp-hsc km[\ XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°Ww.
hymk-a-l¿jn-sb-∏‰n Hcp IY-bp≠v. Hcp Znhkw
At±lw ssPan\n F∂ injy\v Xmsg ]d-bp∂ hcnIƒ.
hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p.
_e-hm≥ C{μn-b-{Kmtam
hnZzmw-k-a]n I¿jXn
"C{μn-b-߃ hfsc i‡n-a-ØmWv. Ah Adn-hp-≈-hs\-
t∏mepw hen-®p-Xm-gvØp∂p.' ssPan\n B hcn-Isf i‡n-
tbmsS FXn¿Øv Ah Cß-s\-bm-h-W-sa∂p ]d™p:
_e-hm≥ C{μn-b-{Kmtam
hnZzmwkw Xp \ I¿jXn
"C{μn-b-߃ i‡n-a-Øm-sW-¶nepw Ahbv°v Adn-hp≈
Hcmsf hen-®p-Xm-gvØm≥ km[y-a√.' Xm≥ AXn-s\mcp
DZm-l-c -W-am -sW∂pw At±lw ]d™p. hymk≥
AXns\-Xncp ]d-™n√. B{iaw Hcp h≥Im-́ n-em-bn-cp∂p.
Hcn°¬ hymk≥ ssPan -\nsb B{i-a -Øn -em°n
GXm\pw-\mƒ Fhn-sStbm t]mbn. A∂p-cm{Xn ITn-\-
ambn ag-s]-bvXp-Xp-Sßn. GI-tZiw Hº-Xp-a-Wn°v Btcm
hmXn-en¬ ap´n. ssPan\n hmXn¬ Xpd-∂-t∏mƒ kpμ-cn-
bmb Hcp bphXn ag-sIm≠v hnd®v, hkv{X-ß-sf√mw
\\™v ico-c-Øn¬ H´n-∏n-Sn® \ne-bn¬ \nev°p-∂Xp
I≠p. ho´n-te-°p≈ hgn- sX-‰n-t∏m-b-Xp-Im-cWw A∂p-
cm{Xn AhnsS Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ahƒ A\p-hmZw
tNmZn®p. Ah-fpsS kuμ-cy-Øn¬ apKv[-\mbn \n∂
ssPan\n Ahsf AIØv {]th-in-∏n®p. At±lw
Ahƒ°v DW-ßnb hkv{X-߃ sImSpØp. AIsØ
apdn-bn¬ Ahƒ°v InS-s∏m-cp°n At±lw IpSn-ens‚
]pdsØ hcm-¥-bn¬ InS∂p. Ah-fpsS kuμ-cy-sØ-
3130
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
∏‰n Nn¥n®v At±-l-Øn-\p-d-ßm≥ km[n-®n√. A¿≤-
cm-{Xn-bn¬ At±lw ]pc-∏p-d-Øp-I-bdn AhnsS Hcp
Xpf-bp-≠m°n B bph-Xn-bpsS apdn-bn-te°p NmSn.
Ahƒ Aº-c-s∂-gp-t∂‰p. ssPan\n Ahsf Benw-K\w
sNøm≥ {ian-®-t∏mƒ ssIbn¬ Bcp-sStbm XmSnaoi-
s]´p. apºn¬ \nev°p-∂Xv kpμ-cn-bmb bph-Xn-b√, Xs‚
hμy-Kpcp hymk-\m-sW∂p I≠p. At±lw \mWn-®p-
t]mbn. hymk≥ ]p©n-cn-tbmsS tNmZn®p: "\mw A∂v
N¿®-sNbvX hcn -Iƒ Xncp -Ø-W-sa∂v Ct∏mgpw
tXm∂p∂pt≠m?' ssPan\n ]d™p: "DΔv, Kptcm. ]t£
thsdmcp coXn-bn-emWv Xncp-tØ-≠Xv.
_e-hm≥ C{μn-b-{Kmtam
hnZzmwka]n I¿jXn I¿jXn I¿j-tXyh
_e-h-Ømb C{μn-b-߃ hnth-In-bmb Hcm-sf-
t∏mepw Xmtg°v hen-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-hp-I-Xs∂ sNøp∂p.
\nc-¥c-amb CuizckvacW ˛ Bfl-kva-cW ˛ Xs∂-
bmWv AXns\ Pbn-°m-\p≈ hgn. \nß-fpsS a\ v
]q¿Æ-amb t{]a-tØmSpw `‡n-tbmSpw IqSn \nc-¥cw
Cuiz-c-\p-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°s´ ˛ Aßs\ \n߃
"bp‡'\mbn-Øo-cWw, Cuiz-c-\p-ambn H∂m-hWw.
KoX-bn¬ 6 -˛mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ 8-˛mw t«mI-Øn¬
"bp‡'s‚ \n¿h-N\w sImSp-Øn-´p≠v.
⁄m\-hn-⁄m-\-Xr-]vXmflm
IqStÿm hnPn-tX-{μnbx
bp‡ CXyp-NytX tbmKo
ka-tem-jvSmiva Im©\x
imkv{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂p e`n® Adn-hp-sIm≠pw Ahsb
A`y-kn-®-Xp-sIm≠v e`n-°p∂ A\p-̀ -hw-sIm≠pw kwXr-
]vX-\m-b-h\pw, AXy¥w ssÿcy-ap-≈-h\pw, C{μn-b-
kw-baw ssIh-∂-h\pw, Hcp]nSn aÆn-t\bpw kz¿Æ-
tØbpw Hcp-t]mse ImWp-∂-h\pw Bb hy‡n-bmWv
"bp‡≥'. {iocm-a-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k≥ Hcp ssIbn¬
kz¿Æ-\m-Wy-ßfpw at‰-Xn¬ Aev]w aÆpw FSpØv
c≠n-t\bpw KwK-bn-te°v "CXv s]m∂v, CXv aÆv' F∂p
]d™v Fdn-™-Xmbn ]d-bp∂p. temI-Øn-ep≈ Hcp
hkvXp-hn\pw, AXv atÆm s]mt∂m Bhs´, hne
-I-ev]n-°m-Xm-hWw F∂-XmWv Dt±iw.
kz]v\-Øn¬ \mw ImWp∂ B\bpw Nps≠-enbpw,
As√-¶n¬ Hcp hne-]n-Sn® tIm´pw Xqhm-ebpw kXy-
a-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠pw Ah-sIm≠v {]tXyIw {]tbm-P-\-
sam∂pw C√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠pw Ahbv°v {]tXyIw
aqey-an√. AtX-t]mse, Hcp km[-I\v Cuiz-c-t\m-S-√msX
bmsXm-cm-I¿j-Whp-an√; Cuiz-c-\-√msX as‰m∂pw
hnes∏-´-X√; ImcWw, a‰p hkvXp-°-sf√mw kz]v\-
kam\w Ab-Ym¿∞-ß-fmWv. ChnsS, bp‡≥ F∂m¬
Cuiz-c-\n¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn GIm-{KX ]pe¿Øp∂ Hcmƒ
F∂m-W¿∞w. euIn-I-h-kvXp-°ƒ°p-]-Icw Cuiz-c
-\m-hWw Abm-fpsS t{]a-Øn\pw `‡n°pw Bkv]Zw.
k¿Δ-\m-i-Øns‚ hgn
ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh-cp-∂-Xn\v Bfl-kw-baw AXy-
¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv. AXp-sIm≠v `Khm≥ C{μn-b-kw-baw
C√mØ Hcmƒ°v h∂p-tN-cm-hp∂ hn]-Øn-s\-°p-dn®v
]d-bp∂p.
3332
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
[ymb-tXm-hn-j-bm≥ ]pwkx
kwK-kvtX-jq-]-Pm-btX
kwKmXv kwPm-btX Imax
ImamXv t{Imt[m f`nPm-btX (2.62)
t{Im[mXv `hXn ktΩmlx
ktΩm-lmXv kvarXn hn{`ax
kvarXn-{`w-imXv _p≤n-\mtim
_p≤n-\m-imXv {]W-iyXn (2.63)
"C{μn-b-hn-j-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
Hcph\v Ah-bn¬ Bk‡n P\n-°p∂p. Bk-‡n-bn¬
\n∂v B{K-lhpw B{K-l-Øn¬ \n∂v t{Im[hpw D≠m-
hp∂p. t{Im[-Øn¬ \n∂v tamlw P\n-°p∂p. taml-
Øn¬ \n∂v kvarXn-\m-ihpw X∑qew _p≤n-\m-ihpw
D≠m-hp∂p. _p≤n-\m-i-Øm¬ Ah≥ ]q¿Æ-ambn \in-
°p∂p.'
BI¿j-I-amb Hcp hkvXp-hns\ ImWp-∂Xv,
Ak`y-amb Hcp ]m´p-tIƒ°p-∂Xv, Hcp bph-Xnsb
(kv{XobpsS Imcy-Øn¬, bphm-hns\) kv]¿in-°p-∂Xv
XpS-ßn-bh, B hnj-b-ß-sf-∏-‰n-Øs∂ Hm¿Øp-sIm-≠n-
cn-°pI, hnjb-h-kvXp-°-fn¬ \n∂p-≠mb kpJw Hm¿Øv
]q¿Δ-Im-esØ kvacn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pI F∂n-h-t]mse
A{X tZmj-I-c-a√. CØcw hnj-b-Nn-¥-sIm≠v Ah-bn-
ep≈ Bk‡n hf-cp∂p. CtX XØz-a-\p-k-cn®v, \nc-
¥cw Cuiz-cs\ kvacn-°p-Ibpw [ym\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-
sIm-≠n-cp-∂m¬ \ap°v Cuiz-c-\n¬ t{]a-ap-≠m-hp-Ibpw
Ah-km\w \mw Cuiz-c-\n¬ ebn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
`mK-hXw ]d-bp∂p: "\nc-¥cw euIn-I-h-kvXp-°sf
Nn¥n®psIm-≠n-cp-∂m¬ a\ v Ah-bn¬ apgpIpw. Fs∂
(Cuiz-cs\) kZm kvacn-°p-∂-h≥ F∂n¬Øs∂
ebn°pw.'
hnj-bm≥ [ymb-X-›nØw
hnj-tbjp hnj-÷tX
ama-\p-kva-c-X-›nØw
atøh {]hn-eo-btX (11.14.27)
hnj-b-[ym\w am{X-a√ B{K-l-ß-fp-≠m-°p∂
Bk-‡n°p ImcWw; hnj-b-hp-ambn Ipd-®p-Imew
_‘w ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ Bk-‡n°p Imc-W-am-
hp∂p. \n߃°v ]m›m-Xy-kw-KoXw CjvS-a-s√-∂n-cn-
°s´; Hcp h¿j-°mew Znh-tk\ Ht∂m ct≠m aWn°q¿
AXp-tI-´p -sIm-≠n-cp -∂m¬ \n߃°-Xn-jvS-amhpw.
]∂n-Isf CjvS-a-s√∂p sh°pI; Hcp ]∂n-°p-´nsb
hmßn ho´n¬ hf¿Øp-Ibpw, Znh-tk\ Ipd-®p-k-abw
AXns‚ IqsS Ifn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬, hncq-]-sa∂p
Icp-Xnb B arK-tØbpw \n߃ kvt\ln®p XpSßpw.
AXv HmSn-t∏m-bm¬ \n߃°v AXns‚ A`mhw h√msX
A\p-`-h-s∏Spw.
GsX-¶nepw Ejn ITn-\-X-]- n¬ G¿s∏-´m¬, Xs‚
ÿm\w t\Sm-\mtWm At±lw Hcp-sº-Sp-∂Xv F∂v
C{μ≥ Bi-¶n-°p-∂-Xmbn ]pcm-W-ß-fn¬ ]e IY-Ifpw
ImWmw. At±lw AXp-sIm≠v kpμ-cn-am-cmb A]vk-c
p-Isf Ejn-bpsS apºn¬ \rØw sNbvXv a\w-a-b°n
At±-l-Øns‚ X]- p- ap-S-°m-\mbn Abbv°pw. Hcn-°¬
ku`cn F∂ al¿jn P\-k-º¿°w Hgn-hm-°m-\mbn Hcp
\Zn-bn¬ apßn AhnsS At\Iw h¿j-߃ kam-[n-bn¬
3534
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
Ign®p. Hcp Znhkw At±lw IÆp-Xp-d-∂-t∏mƒ ao\-
anYp-\-߃ Ip™p-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn can-°p-∂-XmWv I≠Xv.
B Hscm‰ t\m´w sIm≠v Hcp I\y-Isb hnhmlw Ign®v
Ip´n-I-fp-ambn can-°p-hm≥ At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬ i‡n-
bmb B{Klw s]m¥n-h∂p. Zo¿L-Im-esØ Bfl-
kw-baw Hscm‰ \nanjw sIm≠v ]d-]-d∂p. At±lw
AhnsS \ns∂-gp-t∂‰p am‘mXm F∂ cmPm-hns‚
ASpØp-t]mbn Hcp I\y-Isb hnhm-l-Øn\p tNmZn®p.
Ima-Øns‚ Xs∂ IqS-∏n-d-∏mWv t{Im[w. t{Im[
-h-i-K-\m-hp-tºmƒ F¥mWv ]d-bp-∂Xpw sNøp-∂Xpw
F∂v t_m[-an-√m-Xm-hp∂p. Ah≥ {Ip≤-\m-hp-I-b√,
t{Im[w Xs∂-bm-hp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv. A{X-am{Xw
t{Im[-hp-ambn H∂m-bn-Øo-cp∂p. aq∂mw A[ym-b-Øns‚
Ah-km-\-Øn¬ A¿÷p-\≥ IrjvW-t\mSv tNmZn-°p∂p:
"F¥n-\m¬ t{]cn-X-\m-bn-´mWv a\p-jy≥ ]m]w
sNøp-∂Xv? Ahs‚ a\x-km£n FXn-cmbn \nev°p--∂p-
s≠-¶nepw GtXm -]n-imNp _m[n-®m-se-∂-t]mse Ah≥
]m]w sNøp∂p.' I¿Ω-hm-k-\-°p -Im-c-W-amb ctPm-
KpW-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠m-hp∂ Imahpw t{Im[-hp-amWv
AØcw ]m]-I¿Ω-߃°p- Im-cWw; Ima˛t{Im[-߃
\ΩpsS alm-i-{Xp-°-fmWv F∂mWv IrjvWs‚ adp-]Sn.
(KoX 3.37)
Ima Gj t{Im[ Gj
ctPmKpWkapZv`hx
almit\m alm]m]vam
hnt≤y\anl sshcnWw (3.37)
Ima-t{Im-[-ß-fpsS Kuc-h-kz-`m-hhpw tZmj-^-e-
ßfpw a\- n-em-°n-bm¬ Ahsb t\cn´v \in-∏n-°p-∂-
sX-ßs\ F∂ {][m-\ -{]iv\w Db-cp∂p. aq∂m-a-[ymbw
41, 43 t«mI-ß-fn¬ `K-hm≥ AXn-\p≈ ]c-a-amb ]cn-
lmcw \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p≠v.
XkvamXv Xzan-{μn-bm-WymZu
\nbay `c-X¿j`
]m]vam\w {]Pln tly\w
⁄m\-hn-⁄m\ \mi\w (3.41)
Ghw _pt≤x ]cw _p≤zm
kwkvX-`ym-flm\w Bfl\m
Pln i{Xpw alm-_mtlm
Ima-cq]w Zpcm-kZw (3.43)
"AXp-sIm≠v \o BZyw C{μn-b-ßsf \nb-a\w sNbvXv
⁄m\-hn-⁄m-\-ßsf \in-∏n-°p∂ Cu ]m]nsb l\n-
°pI. Bfl-kw-b-a-tØmsS _p≤n-°-∏p-d-Øp≈ kXy-
h-kvXp-hns\ Adn™v, Pbn-°m≥ hnj-a-amb Ima-cq-]-
Øn-ep≈ Cu i{Xp-hns\ l\n-°pI.'
C{μn-b-߃°v Ah-bpsS hnj-b-tØm-Sp-ff _‘w
sIm≠mWv Imaw Db-cp-∂Xv. (DZm: aq°v akm-e-tZm-i-
bpsS aW-ta-ev°p∂p.) AXp-sIm≠v BZyw C{μn-b-ßsf
kwb-a\w sNøWw. Ah BI¿j-I-ß-fmb hkvXp-°-
fpsS he-bn¬s]S-cpXv. C{μn-b-߃ hnj-b-ß-sf-∏-‰n-
bp≈ hnhcw a\- n∂p sImSp-°p∂p; a\ v Ah-sb-∏‰n
Nn¥n-°m≥ XpS-ßp∂p. AXp-sIm≠v a\- ns\ B Nn¥-
I-fn¬ \n∂p hnSpØn Bfl-[ym-\-Øn¬ Dd-∏n-°Ww.
3736
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
a\ n\v ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ hnt£-]-ap-≠m-°p∂ ]e-Xcw
hnt\m-Z-ßfpw ]c-ky-ß-fp-ap≈ C°m-eØv Cu am¿§w
hnP-b-I-c-ambn kzoI-cn-°m≥ ]e¿°pw km[y-am-hn√.
B{K-l-߃, {]tXy-In®pw Ima-hn-Imcw, BWv F{X
km[\ sNbvXmepw km[-Is\ G‰hpw HSp-hn¬ hn´p-
t]m-Ip-∂Xv. hfsc hb- p-sN-∂mepw Ima-hn-Imcw
]pd-ta°p \nc-p]-{Z-h-amb coXn-I-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂p.
(]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬) bph-Xn-I-tfmSv kzIm-cy-ambn
kwkm-cn-°pI, Ahsc Xami ]d™v Nncn-∏n-°pI, A\p-
{K-ln-°m-s\-∂-t]mse Ah-cpsS Xe-bnepw Ihn-fnepw
sXm´p-X-tem-SpI CØcw ImgvN-bn¬ \ncp-]-{Z-h-I-c-amb
I¿Ω-ßsf "F´p-hn[w ssaYp-\-ß-fn¬' s]Sp-Øp∂p.
AXp-sIm≠v AØcw I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Hgn-™p-
\nev°Ww. Ima-hn-Imcw DW¿Øp∂ Nn{X-߃ ]e-
amkn-I-I-fnepw {]kn-≤o-I-cn®p ImWmw. AØcw amknI
Iƒ t\m°-cpXv. NoØ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ImWn-°p∂ kn\nam
Xntb-‰-dp -Iƒ, Sn.hn. F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂pw AI∂p
\nev°Ww. ̀ £WImcy-Øn¬ KoX 17-̨ mw A[ym-b-Øn¬
hnh-cn-°p∂ cmPk ˛ Xmak `£-W-߃ Ign-°-cpXv.
(t«mIw 8, 9, 10).
Hcp t«mI-ap≠v:
hnizm-an-{X- ]-cmi-c-{]-`r-Xbx hmXmw_p ]¿Wm-i\mx
ZrjvSzm kv{Xoap-J-]-¶Pw kpe-fnXw Xss{Xh
tamlw KXmx
imey∂w LrX-Zp-Kv[-]m-b-k-bpXw tb `pwPtX am\hmx
tXjmw C{μn-b-\n-{Ktlm bZn `thXv hn‘y-kvX-tcXv
kmKcw
"hmbp, sh≈w, Ce XpS-ßn-bh `£n-®p- X-] psNbvX
hnizm-an-{X≥, ]cm-i-c≥ XpS-ßnb al¿jn-am¿ kpμ-cn-
am-cmb kv{XoIsf°≠v tamln-®p-t]mbn. s\øv, ]mev
XpS-ßnb t]mj-I-h-kvXp-°ƒ tN¿Ø Acn`£Ww
Ign-°p-∂-h¿°v C{μnb\n{Klw km[n-°m-sa-¶n¬ hn‘y-
]¿ΔXw kap{Zw IS∂v A°-sc-sbØpw.'
Bfl-[y-m\-Øn¬ GIm-{KX ]pe¿Øm≥ km[n-°m-
Ø-h¿ Kpcp-hn¬ \n∂p e`n® a{¥w Ign-bp-∂{X XhW
apS-ßmsX P]n-°p-Ibpw ]qPm-tlm-am-Zn-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-
Ibpw sNøWw. k’wKw sNøWw. Imaw Dƒs∏sS
F√m B{K-l-ßfpw C√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cm≥ \nXyhpw ̀ Khm-
t\mSv {]m¿∞n-°pI. {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ hfsc ^e-{]-Z-amWv.
]pcm-X-\cpw B[p-\n-I-cp-amb alm-flm-°-fpsS Poh-
Ncn{Xw hmbn-°pI. Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ Xo{h-amb
CuizcZ¿i-\m-Imw£, Ah¿ A\p-jvTn® X]ky
XpS-ßn-bh \n߃°v {]tNm-Z\w \evIpw. Ah-km-\-
ambn, F∂m¬ hfsc {][m-\-ambn, Kpcp-Ir-] -thWw.
Kpcp-Ir] AXn-a-l-ØmWv, Hcn-°epw ]mgm-hm-Ø-XmWv.
{iocm-a-Ir-jvWs‚ Hcp {][m-\- in-jy≥ Hcn-°¬ At±l-
Øns‚ ASp-tØ-t°mSn, Ima-hn-Imcw Xs∂ s]s´∂v
B{I-an-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p ]d™p. cma-Ir-jvW≥ At±l-
tØmSv \mhp-\o-´m≥ ]d™p; AXn¬ Ima-_o-P-amb ¢ow
F∂ _oPm-£cw FgpXn. AXn\v ImasØ C√m-Xm-
°m-\p≈ Ign-hp≠v. B injy\v ]ns∂ Imtam-]-{Zhw
D≠m-bn√.
I¿Ω-tbmKw, `‡n-tbmKw F∂n-ßs\ \mw A\p-
k-cn-°p∂ tbmK-am¿§w GXm-bmepw, A¥n-a-amb km[\-
3938
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
]q¿Æ-amb AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ ip≤-t_m-[-Øn¬ h¿Øn-
°p-I-bmWv. ‘I am' F∂-XmWv B Ahÿ ˛ I (Rm≥)
F∂Xv ]q¿Æ-X-bmWv. AhnsS Bflmhv k¿Δ-hym-]-I-
amb AZz-b-{_-“-Øn¬ hne-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p. AXv km[-
\bpw (am¿§w) BWv, e£y-hp-amWv. imkv{X-߃ \n¿t±-
in-®n-´p-ff GXp am¿§hpw \sΩ B ]c-a-k-Xy-Øn-se-
Øn-°p-sa-∂Xv Xo¿®-bmWv.
ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ Xs∂ KpWm-Xo-X≥
KoX F√m tbmK-ß-fp-tSbpw Hcp kpμc ka-\z-b-
amWv. Cu ÿnX{]⁄-e-£-W-ß-sf√mw ⁄m\
(kmwJy) tbmK-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ \n∂p-≈-XmWv.
`K-hm≥ CtX hnjbw {]]-©-Øns‚ aqe-L-S-I-ß-fmb
kØzw, cP v, Xa v F∂o {XnKp-W-ß-fpsS ImgvN-
∏mSn¬ \n∂pw hnh-cn-°p-∂p≠v. ]Xn-∂memw A[ym-b-
Øns‚ A¥y-Øn¬ A¿÷p-\≥ KpWm-Xo -Xs\
Fßs\ Xncn-®-dnbmw, At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-coXn
F¥mWv, B Ahÿ Fßs\ {]m]n°mw F∂p tNmZn-
°p-∂p≠v. KpWm-Xo-Xs‚ hnh-cWw ÿnX-{]-⁄-t‚Xp
Xs∂-bm-sW∂v `K-hms‚ adp-]-Sn-bn¬ \n∂p ImWmw.
kaZpxJkpJx kzÿx
katemjvSmivaIm©\x
Xpey{]nbm{]ntbm [oc˛
kvXpey\nμmflkwkvXpXnx (14.24)
ka-Nn-ØX, kpJ-Zpx-J-ßsf ka-ambn ImWpI,
aÆn-t\bpw s]m∂n-t\bpw H∂p-t]mse Icp-XpI, CjvSm-
\n-jvS-߃ (cmK-tZz-j-߃) C√m-Xn-cn-°pI, \nμbpw
kvXpXnbpw Xpey-ambn Icp-XpI F∂n-h-bmWv KpWm-
Xo-Xs‚ {][m\ e£-W-߃. KpWm-Xo-X≥ kZm Bfl-
\n-jvT-\m-bn-cn-°Ww (kzÿ≥); hnjb-ß-fpsS ]n∂mse
t]mI-cpXv. c≠m-a-[ymbw 55, 56, 57 F∂o t«mI-ß-fn¬
hnh-cn® ÿnX-{]-⁄-e-£W-߃ Xs∂-bm-Wnh.
KpW-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-Øn¬ \n∂v kzX-{¥-\mhp-tºmƒ
am{Xta Hcmƒ ap‡\pw Aa-c\pw Bhp-∂p≈q (14.20).
ÿnX-{]-⁄X F∂ Ahÿ "{_m“o-ÿnXn' ({_“-
Øns‚ Ahÿ) Xs∂-bm-sW∂pw A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn-se-
¶nepw AX-\p-`-hn-°p∂ Bƒ ap‡-\mbn ]c-a-k-XysØ
{]m]n-°p∂p F∂pw `Khm≥ ]d-bp-∂p≠v (2.72).
Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ [\-k-ºm-Z-\-Ønepw hnj-b
-t`m-K-ß-fnepw Nne-hm-°n-b-tijw acW-i-ø-bn¬ sh®v
ÿnX-{]-⁄-\mhmw F∂p hnNm-cn-°p-∂Xv Akm-[y-
amWv. Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ km[\ sNøWw, AXv
A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn¬ ̂ e-{]-Z-am-tb°mw; As√-¶n¬, ]q¿Δ-
P-∑-ß-fn¬ hfsc km[\ sNbvXn-cn-°Ww.
im¥n-am¿§w
`K-hm≥ XpS¿∂p ]d-bp∂p:
cmK-tZz-j-hn-bp-ss‡kvXp
hnj-bm≥ C{μn-ssb-›-c≥
Bfl-h-ssiy¿ hnt[-bmflm
{]kmZw A[n-K-—Xn (2.64)
"cmK-tZz-j-߃ IqSmsX, a\- n-\m¬ \nb-{¥n-X-ß-fmb
C{μn-b-ßsf hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Ncn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xp-
sIm≠v a\p-jy≥ imiz-X-im-¥n-b-S-bp∂p.'
4140
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
CXp-hsc ]d-™-Xns‚ kmcw am{X-am-WnXv. \mw
temI-Øn-en-cn-°p∂ Ime-tØmfw Znhkw Ccp-]-Øn-
\mep-a-Wn-°qdpw IÆpw sNhnbpw AS®v bmsXmcp
hnjb-kv]¿ihpw IqSmsX Ccn-°pI km[y-a√. ^e-
a\p-`-hn-°msX I¿Ωw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ipi-e-X-sb-∏‰n
KoX t\csØ ]d-bp-∂p≠v. AXp-t]mse, temI-tØmSpw
hnj-b-ß-tfmSpw CS-s]-Sp∂Xnepw Hcp Ipi-e-X-bp≠v.
\nß-fpsS apºn¬ h∂ptNcp∂ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \nß-fpsS
C{μn-b-ßsf Ncn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°pI; F∂m¬ Ah-tbm-
sSm∂pw cmKtam tZzjtam C√m-Xn-cn-°m≥ {i≤n-°pI.
]q¿Δ-hm-k-\-Iƒaqew \ΩpsS NnØ-Øn¬ ASn-™p-In-
S-°p∂ CjvSm-\n-jvS-ß-fpsS ̂ e-am-bp≈ cmK-tZz-j-߃
{]I-Sn-∏n-°msX AXv \njv]-£-amb hnj-b-kv]¿iw
am{X-am-bn-cn-°Ww. kz¿Æ-\m-Wy-ß-fp≈ Hcp ]W- ©n
Is≠-Øn-bm¬ AXv kz¥-am-°m-\mhpw kzm`m-hnI
t{]cW. Bcpw ImWmsX AXv kz¥-am-°Ww F∂
hnNmcw ImcWw a\- n¬ t£m`-ap-≠m-hp∂p. adn®v,
c‡w ]pc≠ Hcp ]gwXpWn Nhn-´n-sb∂p hcn-In¬
\ap°v Ad-∏p-tXm-∂p-Ibpw, sh≈hpw AWp-\m-in-\nbpw
D]-tbm-Kn®v Imep-I-gp-I-W-sa∂p tXm∂p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
CXpw a\- n¬ t£m`-ap-≠m-°p∂p. a\- ns\ kpÿn-c-
am-°n- \n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v hnjb-ß-fn¬ DZm-ko-\-cm-hp-Ibpw
CjvSm-\n-jvS-߃ IqSmsX F√m-‰n-t\bpw kzoI-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNøWw. C{μn-b-ß-tfbpw a\- n-t\bpw kwba\w
sNbvXp-sh-°p-tºmƒ a\- n\v im¥n ({]kmZw) D≠m-
hp∂p. ZpxJ-ß-sf√mw ian-°p∂p.
{io[-c-kzman "{]kmZw' F∂ hm°n\v im¥n F∂m-
W¿∞w sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv. {ioi-¶-c≥ AXns\
4342
{]k∂X, kzmÿyw F∂p hnh-cn -°p∂p. Nne¿
"kzmÿyw' F∂-Xn\v Bfl-\n-jvTX F∂v A¿∞w
sImSp-°p∂p; AXn-hnsS \∂mbn tbmPn-°p-∂n√ F∂m-
sW-\n-°p- tXm-∂p∂Xv.
65, 66 t«mI-ß-fn¬ `K-hm≥ {]kmZw, a\- ns‚
{]k-∂X, sIm≠v Fs¥¥p KpW-ß-fp-≠m-hp∂p F∂v
hnh-cn-°p∂p. a\ v {]k-∂-am-hp-tºmƒ F√m ZpxJ-ßfpw
AkvX-an-°p∂p, a\ v ZrVhpw kpÿn-c-hp-am-hp∂p
F∂v At±lw ]d-bp∂p.
{]kmtZ k¿Δ-Zpx-Jm\mw
lm\n-c-tkym-]-Pm-btX
{]k-∂-tN-Xtkm lymip
_p≤nx ]cy-h-Xn-jvTtX (2.65)
a\ v GIm-{K-am-hp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ B hy‡n°v (Abp‡≥)
Bfl-Z¿i-\-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠m-hp∂ ⁄m\w D≠m-hp-∂n√;
Abmƒ°v "`mh\'bpw C√. "`mh\' F∂-Xn\v {io[c
kzman "[ym\'sa∂pw {ioi-¶-c≥ "Bfl-⁄m-\m-`n-\n-
thiw' ˛ Bfl-⁄m-\-Øn-\p-ff Xo{h-amb BImw£
˛ F∂pw A¿∞w ]d-bp∂p. {io[-c-kzm-an-bpsS hymJym-
\-amWv IqSp-X¬ tbmPn-°p-∂-sX∂p tXm∂p∂p.
hgn-sX-‰n-°p∂ C{μn-b-ßfpw a\ pw
C{μn-b-ßfpw a\ pw IqSn a\- ns\ N©-e-am-°p-
∂-sX-ßs\ F∂mWv `K-hm≥ C\n hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv:
C{μn-bm-Wmwln NcXmw
b∑t\m f\phn[o-btX
XZky lcXn {]⁄mw
hmbp¿\m-h-anhmw`kn (2.67)
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
"C{μn-b-߃ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ, \nb-
a\w sNø-s∏-SmØ a\ v Ahsb ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw, sh≈-
Øn¬ k©-cn-°p∂ tXmWnsb Im‰v ASn-®p-sIm≠p
t]mIp-∂Xpt]mse, Bflm-\m-fl-hn-th-I-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠m-
hp∂ ⁄m\sØ C√m-Xm-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.'
BZyw IÆp-Iƒ \s√mcp a[pckm[\w ImWp∂p;
a\ v IÆp-Isf A\p-K-an®v AX-\p-`-hn-°m≥ B{K-ln-
°p∂p. B a[pckm[-\-tØm-Sp≈ sImXn-Im-cWw, Xs‚
bP-am-\-\mb a\p-jy\v Ie-i-emb {]ta-l-ap-s≠∂pw
Abm-fpsS ssIh-i-ap≈ ]Ww Abm-fpsS tcmKn-bmb
AΩbv°v acp∂p hmßm≥ D≈-Xm-sW∂pw AXv
ad-°p∂p. a[pckm[\w hmßn Xn∂p∂ Nn¥ -am-{X-amWv
a\- n\v. \mw kZm Pm{KX ]pe¿Øn C{μn-b-ß-sfbpw
a\- n-s\bpw AS-°n-\n¿ØWw.
C{μn-b-kw-b-a-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw hnh-cn-®-tijw
`Khm≥ Cßs\ D]-kw-l-cn-°p∂p. "C{μn-b-ßsf F√m-
h-i-Øp-\n∂pw hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]n≥h-en-®m¬
am{Xta ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh-cn-I-bp≈q.'
Xkvam-Zyky alm-_mtlm
\nKr-lo-Xm\n k¿Δix
C{μn-bmWn C{μn-bm¿t∞`yx
Xky-{]⁄m {]Xn-jvTnXm (2.68)
ÿnX-{]-⁄\pw A⁄m-\n-Ifpw
ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ kZm ]c-a-k-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v t_m[
hm-\mbn h¿Øn-°p∂p. F∂m¬ A⁄-X-bn-em≠ a‰p-
≈-h¿ B A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ apgp-In-°-gn-bp∂p. CXmWv
ASpØ t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv:
bm \nim k¿Δ-`q-Xm\mw
Xkymw PmK¿Øn kwbao
bkymw Pm{KXn `qXm\n
km \nim ]iytXm apt\x (2.69)
Xs‚ A[ymfle£y-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ÿnX-{]-⁄≥
C{μn-b-ß-tfbpw a\- n-t\bpw AS°n kZm PmK-cq-I-\m-
bn-cn-°p∂p, F∂m¬ ]c-a-k-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v A⁄-cmbn
`uXn-I-tam-l-ß-fn¬ IpSpßn°gn-bp∂ P\-߃°v
Bflmhv cm{Xntbm Ccpt´m BWv. A⁄-cmb euInI¿
`uXn-I-tem-I-Ønse hkvXp-°-fnepw kpJ-ß-fnepw
apgpIn-°-gn-bp-tºmƒ ⁄m\n-bmb ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ Ddßn-
bm-se-∂-t]mse Ah-bn¬ AXy¥w DZm-ko-\-\mWv.
At±-l-Øns‚ C{μn-b-߃ euIn-I-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v
]q¿Æ-ambpw ]n≥h-en-°-s∏-´-Xp-Im-cWw euInI hrØn-
I-fn¬ At±-l-Øn\v Aev]hpw Xmev]-cy-an-√m-Xm-bn-cn-
°p∂p. temI-Ønse em`-\-jvS-߃, hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈
CjvSm-\n-jvS-߃ F∂nh kz]v\-Xpeyw At±-l-Øn\v
Xmev]cyw P\n-∏n-°m-Xm-hp∂p. C{μn-b-ßfpw a\ pw
{]h¿Ø-\-c-ln-X-ambn AI¿Ω-Wy-X-t]mse tXm∂n-
°p∂ kam-[y-h-ÿ-bn¬ temI-Øn\v Xmev]-cy-an√;
F∂m¬, ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ kam-[n-sb∂ C{μn-bm-XoX-amb
Ah-ÿ-bn¬ B\μw sIm≈p∂p.
Ima-ßsf Dƒs°m≠v Pbn-°m-\p≈ hgn
k¿Δ-tZm-j-ß-fp-tSbpw aqe-amb B{K-l-ßsf Dt]-
£n-°Ww F∂p ]d-™p-sIm-≠mWv `K-hm≥ ÿnX
4544
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
-{]-⁄-hn-h-cWw XpS-ßn-bXv. A°mcywXs∂ c≠p
t«mI-ß-fn¬ Bh¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v ̀ K-hm≥ B hnh-cWw
Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p∂p:
B]q-cy-amWw AN-e-{]-XnjvTw
kap{Zw B]x {]hn-i¥n bZzXv
XZzXv Imam bw {]hn-i¥n k¿tΔ
k im¥nam]vt\mXn \ Ima-Imao (2.70)
hnlmb Imam≥ bx k¿Δm≥
]pam≥ NcXn \nkv]rlx
\n¿Ωtam \nc-l-¶mcx
k im¥nw A[n-K-—Xn (2.71)
]e \Zn-I-fn-tebpw Pew \nc-¥cw h∂p hogp∂
kap-{Z-Øn¬ ho≠pw Pew \nd-™mepw AXv Ic-I-hn-
bmsX ÿnc-ambn \nev°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, BcpsS a\- n¬
Ima-߃ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂mepw Abm-fpsS kzÿX
\jvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√tbm, AØcw Hcmƒ°v am{Xta im¥n,
AXmbXv, ap‡n, e`n-°p-I-bp≈q; Ima-߃ \nd™
Hcmƒ°v AXv e`y-a√. F√m B{K-l-ß-tfbpw XyPn®v,
bmsXm-cp-hn[w Bk-‡ntbm Al-¶m-ctam aa-Xtbm
IqSmsX, Ncn-°p∂ Hcp-h\v ]c-a-amb im¥n (ap‡n)
e`n-°p∂p.
a\p-jy\v Cu temI-Øn¬ Pohn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. Ah\v
euIn-I-hn-j-b-ß-tfmSv _‘-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ km[y-a√.
Hcp ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ Cub-h-ÿ-bn¬ F¥p sNøpw?
AXp hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ ̀ K-hm≥ kap-{Z-Øns‚ DZm-l-cWw
]d-bp∂p.
Rm≥ \Zn-Xo-c-Øp-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ ]e I√p-Ifpw
\neØp InS-°p-∂Xp ImWp∂p. F∂m¬ Rm≥ Ahsb
]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂n√, Ah Fs‚ a\- n¬ Nn¥-I-sfm∂pw
D≠m-°p-∂n√. F∂m¬, Hcp kz¿Æ-®-ße AhnsS
InS°p-∂Xp I≠m¬ F\n-°p-Ss\ AXn¬ Xmev]-cy-
ambn; AXns‚ ASp-Øp-t]mbn t\m°m-t\m-Sp∂p; AXv
ssI°-em-°m≥ a\- n¬ B{Klw P\n-°p∂p. Fs‚
a\ v Akz-ÿ-am-hp∂p. CXn-\p-Im-cWw ]q¿Δ-Ime
]cnN-b-amWv apºp-≠mb CjvSm-\n-jvS-ß-fp-tSbpw cmK-
tZz-j-ß-fp-tSbpw hmk-\-Iƒ a\- n¬ ASn-™p-In-S-°p-
∂-XmWv. Nße I≠-t∏mƒ B hmk-\-Iƒ kPo-h-ambn
B{Kl-ß-fpsS cq]-Øn¬ {]I-S-am-hp∂p. AhnsS
InS°p∂ I√p-I-tfmSv F\n°v CjvStam A\n-jvStam C√.
Ah-bn¬ Rm≥ Xosc DZm-ko-\-\mWv. hnj-b-߃
a\ n¬ {]th-in-°p-∂Xv XS-bpI km[y-a√. F∂m¬,
kz{]-bXv\w sIm≠pw bp‡n-bp-‡-amb Nn¥-sIm≠pw
\n߃°-h-tbm-Sp≈ {]Xn-I-c -WsØ \nb-{¥n®v,
Ahsb a\- p-sIm≠p X≈p-Itbm sIm≈p-Itbm
sNømsX, DZm-ko-\-\mbn h¿Øn°mw. ZrV-a-\- p
-sIm≠v \nß-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-WsØ \nb-{¥n-°m≥
Ignbpw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, \qdp-I-W-°n\p \Zn-Iƒ kZm
kap-{Z-Øn-te°v Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. IqSp-X¬ ag
s]bvtXm at‰m A[nIw sh≈w h∂p tN¿∂m¬ kap{Zw
Ic-I-hn-bp-∂n√. AXv ]g-b-Xp-t]mse AtX \ne-bn¬
h¿Øn-°p∂p. AXp -t]mse, hnj-b-߃ ÿnX-
{]⁄s‚ a\- nepw {]th-in-°p∂p, AXp XS-bm≥
Ignbn√. ]t£, hnj-b-ß-tfmSv CjvSm-\n-jvS-ß-fn-√mØ
4746
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
ka-Nn -ØX ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xp-Im-cWw At±-l-Øn\v
a\ ns\ \nb-{¥n®v hnj-b-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-Øn¬ \n∂v
kzX-{¥-\mbn \nev°mw. At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬ Hcp
hn[-Øn-ep≈ cmK-tZz-j-ßfpw DZn-°p-∂n√. Aßs\,
i_vZ ̨ kv]¿i ̨ ck ̨ cq] ̨ K‘mZn hnjb-ßsf√mw
At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬ {]th-in®v bmsXmcp {]Xn-I-c-
Whpw D≠m-°msX ebn-®p-t]m-Ip∂p. CØcw Hcmƒ°v
]c-a-amb im¥nbpw B\-μhpw ssIh-cp∂p ˛ AXmWv
tam£w, ap‡n. B{Kl_≤-\mb Hcmƒ°v Cub-hÿ
Hcn-°epw ssIh-cn√.
ta¬ D≤-cn® c≠m-asØ t«mI-Øn¬ `K-hm≥ Hcp
Kpfn-I-bpsS cq]-Øn¬ Cuiz-c-km-£m¬°mcw ssIhcp-
Øm-\p≈ km[\ D]-tZ-in-°p∂p. AsXm-∂p-sIm-≠p-
am{Xw Hcmƒ°v e£y-Øn-se-Øm≥ km[n°pw.
c≠p-Xcw B{K-l-ß-fp≠v ̨ Ct∏mƒ X\n-°n-√mØ,
As√-¶n¬, th≠ am{X-bn¬ C√mØ, hkvXp-°ƒ
ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-≈Xv (A{]m-]vXky {]m]vXnx) DZm-
l-c-W-ambn, F\n-°n-t∏mƒ _mƒt]\-bn√, As√-¶n¬,
Hcp t]\-bp≠v, F∂m¬ AXp- t]m-cm-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v H∂p-
c-s≠Æw IqSn thWw. c≠m-asØ Xcw B{Klw,
Ct∏mƒ D≈-Xns\ kwc-£n®p \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\mWv.
AsXs‚ IqsS Ipsd-°mew tISp-h-cmsX \ne-\n-ev°W-
sa∂v Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. ("{]m]vXky kwc-£Ww').
Krl-ÿ\v hoSv, `mcy, Ip´n-Iƒ F∂n-h-tcmSv Bk-‡n-
bp≠v, ag-sImt≠m, `qIºw sImt≠m hoSn\v tISp-
]-‰pI, IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fpsS tcmKw, `mcy-bpsS acWw
F∂n-h-sb√mw Abm-fpsS a\- ns\ Akz-ÿ-am-°p∂p.
F∂p-X-s∂-b√, F¥p am¿§w Ah-ew-_n®pw Abmƒ°v
Ahsc kpJ-ambn t]m‰Ww ˛ AXv I≈-°-SØv, ssI
°qen F∂n-h-bm-bmepw kmc-an√ ˛ CsX√mw a\- ns\
Akz-ÿ-am -°p -∂-XmWv. Cu Bk‡n, AYhm,
B{Klw "kv]rl' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂p. Ct∏mƒ ssIh-i-
an-√mØ hkvXp-°ƒ kºm-Zn-°m-\p≈ B{Klw "Imaw'
F∂pw.
ta¬∏-d™ B{K-l-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw aqe-Im-cWw
F¥mWv? \mw hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Bflm-hmWv; F∂m¬,
AX-dn-bmsX \ΩpsS ico-c-amWv \mw F∂v [cn-°p∂p.
CXv _ƒ_n-\p-≈nse sshZypXn Xm≥ _ƒ_m-sW∂v
hnNm-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv. kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ico-csØ
"Rm≥' F∂p IcpXn kvt\ln-®p-Xp-S-ßp∂p; ico-c-
tØmSp _‘-s∏´ IpSpw-_mw-K-߃, hoSv, a‰p hkvXp-
°ƒ F∂n-h-tbm-sS√mw \ap°v kvt\lhpw Bk-‡nbpw
P\n-°p∂p. "Rm≥' hmkvX-h-Øn¬ k¿Δ-hym-]-Ihpw
t_m[-a-b-hp-amb Du¿÷-amWv; F∂m¬, AXv PU-
hkvXp-hmb ico-c-am-sW∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-°p∂p; AXn¬
\n∂mWv B{K-l-ß-sf√mw P\n-°p-∂Xv. B{Kl t{]cnX-
amb "Rm≥' kzbw I¿Øm-hm-sW∂v A`n-am-\n-®p-sIm≠v
B B{K-l-ßsf ]q¿ØoI-cn-°m≥ I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏
-Sp∂p. I¿Ω-߃ [m¿Ωn-Itam A[m¿Ωn-Itam Bhmw;
Ah-bn¬ \n∂v ]pWy-]m-]-߃ P\n-°p∂p; Ah-bpsS
^ew A\p-`-hn-°m-\mbn ho≠pw P\n-t°≠n hcp∂p.
Aßs\ "Rm≥' F∂ AlwImcw t`m‡m-hm-bn-Øo-cp∂p.
Aßs\, B{K-l-ßsf C√m-Xm-°m-\p≈ hgn
Alw-Im-csØ Dt]-£n-°p-I-bmWv; AXn\v I¿Ør-
4948
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
Xzhpw t`m‡r-Xzhpw aa-Xbpw Dt]-£n-°Ww. {][m-\-
ambn a\ n-em-t°-≠Xv CXmWv: {]Imiw sNmcn-bp∂
Hmtcm _ƒ_nepw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw sshZyp-X-i-‡n-
bn√. sshZypXn D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ b{¥-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pd-
s∏-Sp∂ ]q¿Æ-am-{X-bn-ep≈ sshZyp-X-i-‡n-bmWv F√m
_ƒ_p-I-fn-te°pw {]h-ln®v \ap°v {]Imiw Xcp-∂Xv.
AXn¬ Hcp {]tXyIw Awi-Øn\v Xm≥ I¿Øm-hm-
sW∂v A`n-am-\n-°m≥ km[y-a√. AXp-t]mse, Hmtcm
ico-c-Øn\pw Hcp {]tXy-I -hy-‡n-Xztam AlwIm-ctam
C√. temI-Ønse I¿Ω-ß-sf√mw Hcp ]q¿Æ-X-bpsS
`mK-amWv; Hmtcm ico-chpw, F√m ico-c-ß-fnepw hym]n-
®n-cn-°p∂ B ]q¿Æ-t_m-[-Øns‚ Akz-X-{¥hpw kzbw
{]h¿Ø\ -ti-jn-bn-√m-ØXp-amb D]-I-cWw am{X-amWv;
AXn-eqsS I¿Ωw sNø-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p-am{Xw. Aßs\,
Kpcp-hn¬ \n∂pw imkv{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw bmYm¿∞yw
a\ n-em°n, a\\w sNbvXv, hy‡n-I-fmb \ma√ \ne-
\n-ev°p-∂Xv, B ]q¿ÆX am{X-amWv F∂p t_m[y-
ambm¬ AlwIm-chpw aa-Xbpw C√m-Xmhpw. kap{Zw
sh≈-Øp-≈nsb Dƒs°m≠p Ign-™m¬ sh≈-Øp-≈n-
bpsS hy‡nXzw C√m-Xm-hp∂p; B{K-ln-°m≥ ]ns∂
Bcp-an√. Aßs\, Rm≥ F∂pw Ft‚-sX∂pw D≈
hnNmcw t]mbn B{Kl-ßfpw Bk-‡n-Ifpw C√m-Xm-
hp -tºmƒ B\-μhpw k¿Δ-_-‘-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw
tamN-\hpw A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂p.
D]-kw-lmcw
`K-hm≥ D]-tZ-in® AXy¥w kw{K-l-cq-]-Øn-ep≈
Cu km[-\-tb-°mƒ ap‡n°v IqSp-X¬ t\cmb hgn
thsd-tb-Xp≠v? KoX-bpsS kmcw apgp-h≥ Dƒs°m-≈p∂-
Xmbn Hcp t«mIw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Ft∂mSp ]d-bp-I-
bm-sW-¶n¬ Rm≥ bmsXmcp kwi-bhpw IqSmsX Cu
t«mIw Xnc-s™-Sp°pw. CXn-t\mSp _‘-s∏-́ -XmWv Cu
A[ym-b-Ønse Ah-km-\sØ t«mIw. AXn¬ KoXm-
am-Xm-hns‚ A\p-Iº Ic-I-hn-s™m-gp-Ip∂p:
Gjm {_m“oÿnXnx ]m¿∞
ss\\mw {]m]y -hn-ap-lyXn
ÿnXzmkymw A¥-Imte f]n
{_“-\n¿Δm-W-ar-—Xn (2.72)
[ym\-t«m-I-Øn¬ KoXsb "AΩ' F∂p hnfn-°p-
∂Xv kXy-amWv (Aw_ Xzmw A\p-kwZ-[man ̀ K-hZvKotX
`h-tZz-jnWn). ̀ uXnItemI-Ønse kpJ-Zpx-J-߃ A\p-
`-hn®p Pohn-°p-Ibpw A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn¬ tam£w thW-
sa∂v AXn-bmbn B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cpsS
ÿnXn-sb-¥mWv? DZm-l-c-W-ambn ]co-£n-Øp -alm
cmPm-hns\ t\m°mw. Ggp-Zn-h-k-Øn-\Iw acn-°p-sa∂v
Adn™ At±-l-Øn\v tam£-{]m-]vXn-°mbn Xm≥ F¥p
sNø-W-sa∂v Adn-bm≥ AXy¥w B{K-l-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p.
KoXm-am-Xmhv taep-≤-cn® t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p: PohnX-
Øns‚ A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn-se-¶nepw F√m B{K-l-ß-
tfbpw Bk-‡n-I-tfbpw Dt]-£n®v, Rms\∂pw Ft‚-
sX-∂p-ap≈ hnNmcw IqSmsX, Ccn-°m-sa-¶n¬ Abmƒ°v
]c-a-amb {_“m-hÿ {]m]n°mw; AhnsS \n∂v ]ns∂
taml-Pm-e-Øn-te°v hogn√. k’wKw, {]m¿∞\,
Cuizc-Ir] F∂n-h-bpsS ^e-ambn ac-W-i-ø-bn-ep≈
Hcmƒ F√m B{K-l-ß-tfbpw _e-ambn Dt]-£n®v,
5150
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
tUmIvS¿am¿, acp-∂p-Iƒ, ASpØv \nev°p∂ _‘p-°ƒ
F∂n-hsc Ah-K-Wn®v Cuiz-c\v ]q¿Æ-ambn Bfl-
k¿∏Ww sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Abmƒ°v 71-˛mw t«mI-
Øn¬ ]d™ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-am-°m≥ km[n°pw.
CXv Akm-[y-a√. Rm≥ Xs∂ CØcw kw`-h-߃
I≠n-´p≠v. Fs‚ Hcp bph-kp-lrØv, Kp]vX, aod-‰n¬
Hcp _m¶n¬ tPmen sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. At±-l-Øn\v
ASn-b-¥n-c-ambn c‡w sImSp-°p-∂-Xn-∂p-th≠n Hcp
cm{Xn Z¬ln-bn-te°v Imdn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p.
At±-l-Øns‚ IqsS Imdn¬ Hcp kzman-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p.
Kp]vX ]n≥ko-‰n¬ InS-°p-I-bmWv. thsdmcp Imdn¬
At±-l-Øns‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw, \mep-sIm√w apºv
hnhmlw Ign® `mcybpw c≠p-h-b- mb Ip´nbpw t]mIp-
∂p≠v. ]IpXn hgn°p sh®v Kp]vX Imdv \n¿Øm≥
]d™p. At±lw Imdn¬ Fgp-t∂-‰n-cp∂p. Xs‚ IqsS-
bp≈ _‘p-°-fmcpw Ac-a-Wn-°q¿ t\c-tØ°v Xs‚
kao-]Øv hcmsX t\m°m≥ IqsS-bp≈ kzman-tbm-S-t]-
£n®p. B kzman-tbmSpw ss{Uh-tdmSpw Imdn¬ \n∂n-
dßn Aev]w AIse \nev°m≥ ]d™p. At±lw
Imdn-∂p-≈n¬ [ym\-Øn-en-cp∂v Ccp-]Xp an\n-´n-∂p-≈n¬
icoc-ap-t]-£n®p. Fs‚ Adn-hn¬, Kp]vX, {iocm-a-
IrjvW `‡-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Imcy-ambn km[-\-
sbm∂pw sNbvXn-cp-∂n√. At±lw Hcp km[m-cW
Krlÿ PohnXw \bn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. A¥y-k-a-b-sØ-
¶nepw, Xm≥ ]c-a-kXyw Xs∂-bmWv, k¿Δ-hym-]-I-amb
ip≤-t_m-[-amWv, ico-c-hp-ambn X\n-s°mcp _‘-hp-an√
F∂ Dd® t_m[-ap-≠m-bm¬ AlwIm-ctam B{K-l-
ßtfm D≠m-hn√. \nß-fpsS B{K-l-ß-sf√mw Hcn-°epw
^en-°m≥ t]mhp-∂n√ Ft∂m¿°pI. \n߃ Bkq
{XWw sNbvX ]cn-]m-Sn-I-sfms° A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb
ImcW-ß-fm¬ XI-cm-dm-bn-t∏m-hp∂p. {]kn-≤-cmb cmPohv
Km‘ntbm, {]kn-U‚ v sI∂-Untbm X߃ s]s´∂p
sIm√-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw {]Xo-£n-®pthm?
PohnX-amsI Hcp \mS-I-amWv. AXnse hcn-Iƒ ]t≠
Fgp-Xn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p. \nß-fpsS Pohn-X-Ønse Hmtcm
kw`-hhpw Cuiz-c-\m¬ \n›n-Xhpw \nb-{¥n-X-hp-amWv.
A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn-se-¶nepw Cuiz-c\v Bfl-k-a¿∏Ww
sNøpI. \n߃°v a\- ns\ thW-sa-¶n¬ Cuiz-c-\n¬
\n¿Ømw; As√-¶n¬ temI-Øn¬ \n¿Ømw ̨ \n߃°-
Xn¬ ]q¿Æ kzmX-{¥y-ap≠v. B A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn¬ Hcp
i‡n°pw ]W-Øn\pw _‘p-°ƒ°pw kplr-Øp-
°ƒ°pw \nßsf klm-bn-°m-\m-hn√. Cuiz-c≥ am{X-
amWv Htc-sbmcp Dd-∏p‰ B{ibw. AXy¥w GIm-{K-X-
tbmsS Cuiz-cs\ kvt\ln-°pI; Cuiz-c-t\mSv {]m¿∞n-
°pI. At∏mƒ {]m¿∞n-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬
a\ p-sIm≠v "am, am' Ft∂m, "{]t`m, {]t`m' Ft∂m,
"cma, cma' Ft∂m, thsd GsX-¶nepw CjvS-ap≈ \matam
Dcp-hn-SpI. AXpw km[y-a-s√-¶n¬ Cuiz-c-\maw AYhm,
{]m¿∞\, Bh¿Øn-°p∂ Hcp tS∏v sdt°m¿U¿ {]h¿
Øn-∏n-°m≥ G¿∏mSv sNøpI. ̀ ‡n-am¿§-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn
-°p∂ km[-I-∑m¿°v Cu Bfl-k-a¿∏-W-amWv ]c-a-amb
km[\. CXmWv `K-hm≥ 18-˛mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ 65, 66
t«mI-ß-fn¬ D]-tZ-in-°p-∂Xv.
5352
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
a∑\m `h aZv`t‡m aZym-Po amw \a-kvIpcp
amtasshjykn kXyw tX {]Xn-Pmt\ {]ntbmfknta,
k¿Δ-[¿Ωm≥ ]cn-Xy-Py -am-taIw icWw {hP
Alw Xzm k¿Δ-]m-t]t`ym tam£-bn-jyman am ipN.
Cu c≠p t«mI-ßfpw c≠m-a-[ymbw Ah-km-\-Ønse
c≠p t«mI-ßfpw HgnsI KoX- ap-gp-h\pw a‰p imkv{X-
{K-Ÿ-ßfpw \jvS-s∏-´mepw, a\p-jy-cm-insb apgp-h≥
B\-μ-Øns‚ ]c-tIm-Sn-bn-se-Øn-°m≥ Ch am{Xw aXn.
t\cmb hgn F√m-h¿°pw G‰hpw efn-X-amb hgn-
bm-h-W-sa-∂n√. kc-f-amtWm k¶o¿Æ-amtWm F∂Xv
a\- ns‚ ]q¿Δ kwkvImcw A\p-k-cn®v Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-
tSbpw hy‡n-]-c-amb A\p-`-h-amWv. ]e¿°pw Ah-cpsS
Ct∏m-gsØ hnizm-k-ßsf AXn-{I-an-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-
°mØ Nne am\-knI XS- -߃ D≠mhmw. Ah¿°v
AlwIm-csØ Pbn-°m-\p≈ hgn k’wKw, Kpcp- X∂
a{¥w P]n-°¬, [ym\w, ]c-am-flm-hn¬ \n∂v A`n-∂-amb
CjvS-tZ-h-X-tbm-Sp≈ Bflm¿∞-amb {]m¿∞\, Kpcp-
hnt∂m Cuiz-ct∂m ]q¿Æ-amb Bfl-k-a¿∏Ww F∂n-
h-bmWv. CXpsIm≠v Ah-km\w Al-¥-tbbpw aa-X-
tbbpw Dt]-£n-°m≥ km[n°pw; AtXmsS B{K-l-ß-
sf√mw A‰p-t]mIpw. hnP-b-Øn-\p≈ ]c-a-amb D]m[n
Cuiz-c-Ir], AYhm, KpcpIr]-bmWv. F√m tbmK-ß-
fnepw, km[\ F¥p-X-s∂-bm-bmepw, CXv kmam-\y-\nba-
amWv. CXv s]s´∂v FhnsS \nt∂m s]m´n-ho-gp∂ H∂√.
kz{]-bXv\w sIm≠pw Cuizc (Bfl) km£m¬°m-c-
Øn-\p≈ Xo{h-amb BImw-£-sIm≠pw ssIh-cp∂
H∂mWv Cu Ir].
⁄m\-am¿§-Øn¬ ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ F∂p ]d-bp∂
hy‡n-sb-Øs∂ ]Xn∂memw A[ym-b-Øn¬ KpWm-Xo-
X-\mbn hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p. ̀ ‡n-am¿§-Øn¬ Ch-sc-Øs∂
Cuiz-cs‚ {]nb-`-‡-cmbn ]d-bp∂p. {]nb-`-‡s‚ KpW-
߃ Xmsg hnh-cn-°p-∂-h-bmWv (]{¥≠mw A[ymbw ˛
t«mIw 13˛-19)
1. k¿ΔZm Bflk¥p-jvS-\m-bn-cn-°pI
2. "Rm≥' F∂pw "Ft‚Xv' F∂pw D≈ `mhw C√m-Xn-
cn-°pI.
3. kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-fn¬ ka-_p≤n
4. a\x-kw-baw, ZrV-\n-›bw
5. t{Im[w, `bw F∂n-h-bn-√m-Xn-cn-°¬
6. kw`-h-ß-tfmSpw hnj-b-ß-tfmSpw DZm-ko-\-`mhw
7. cmK-tZz-j-߃ C√m-Xn-cn-°pI, B{K-l-ß-sf√mw
Dt]-£n-°pI.
8. \nμ-bnepw kvXpXn-bnepw ka-Nn-¥X.
Cuizckm£m¬°m-c-Øn-\mbn GXp tbmK-am¿§w
kzoI-cn-®mepw icn, ta¬]-d-™ -Kp-W-߃ hf¿ØpI
Xs∂ thWw. Abmsf ÿnX-{]-⁄-s\t∂m, KpWm-
Xo-X-s\t∂m, `‡-s\t∂m hnfn°mw. ÿnX-{]-⁄
-e-£Ww hnh-cn-°p∂ Cu t«mI-߃ (2.55-˛72) A¿∞-
a-dn™v Bh¿Øn®p sNm√p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ \ΩpsS
km[\ Xo{h-ambn \sΩ e£y-Øn-se-Øm≥ klm-
bn°pw.
ÿnX-{]-⁄-X-bpsS kp{]-[m\ LSIw F√m
B{Klß-tfbpw Bk-‡n-I-tfbpw Dt]-£n-°p-I-
bmWv. AXn\v C{μn-b-ß-tfbpw a\- n-t\bpw kwb-a\w
5554
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
sNøWw, AlwIm-csØ ˛ ico-c-a-\- p-Iƒ "Rm≥'
BsW∂ `mh-\sb ˛ Dt]-£n-°Ww. B{K-l-ßsf
ian-∏n-°p-Ibpw AlwIm-csØ AI-‰p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬
\njv]-£-amb hkvXp-Z¿i\w, t{Im[hpw `bhpw
C√mbva, ka-Nn-ØX XpS-ßnb KpW-߃ kzb-tah
h∂p-tNcpw. A\m-k-‡nbpw Bk-‡nbpw th≠-hn[w
{]tbm-Kn-°p-I-bmWv Bhiyw. a\ v euIn-I-hn-j-b
ßsf B{K-ln-°p-tºmƒ AXns\ Ah-bn¬ \n∂v
hnSpØn Cuiz-c-t\mSv Iq´n-t®¿°pI. Cuiz-cs\ KmV-
ambn kvt\ln-°pI. \mw P\n® \nanjw apX¬ `K-h¬
Ir] \ΩpsS IqsS-bp≠v, \ΩpsS km[-\m-th-f-bn¬
Hmtcm \nan-jhpw AXv \ap-s°m-∏-ap≠v F∂v Dd-∏mbn
[cn-°pI. AXp \ap°v henb t{]m’m-l-\hpw klm-
bhpw Xcp∂p. \mw e£y-Øn-se-Øp-sa∂v Dd-∏m-°p∂p.
Hcp cmP-Ip-am-cn°v Xs‚ Igp-Ønse kz¿Æm-`-cWw
ImWm-Xmbn; Ahƒ D¬°-WvT-tbmsS AsXßpw
Xnc™p. At∏mƒ AXv Ah-fpsS IgpØn¬Ø-s∂-bp-
s≠∂v Hcp tXmgn Nq≠n-°m-Wn®p. cmP-Ip-am-cn°v kt¥m-
j-ambn. ImWm-Xmb B`-cWw Is≠-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂n√
ChnsS \S-∂Xv; Igp-Øn¬Ø-s∂-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p B`-
cWw F∂-dn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. Bflm-hns‚ Imcyhpw CXp-
t]m-se-X-s∂-bmWv. Bflmhv F∂pw \tΩm-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-
bn-cp∂p F∂v Adn-bm≥ am{X-amWv Bflm-t\z-jWw
apgp-h≥. \mw Bflm-hp-Xs∂. ̀ K-hm≥ ca-W-a-l¿jn Cu
IYsb "IWvTm-̀ -c-W-Øns‚ IY' F∂p ]d-bp-am-bn-cp∂p.
\msa√mw Cu P∑-Øn¬Øs∂ ÿnX-{]-⁄-cmbn
Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw t\Ss´.
lcn Hmw.
56
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
hkn-jvT-Kp -l-bnse {io im¥m-\-μ-]pcn
kzmanIƒ ]c-a-]pWy {io ]pcp-tjm-Ø-am-\μ
kzman -I -fpsS (hkn -jvT -Kpl) injy-\mWv.
At±lw 1928-̨ -¬ P\n®p. kzmanPn sshZn-I-kmln-
Xy-Ønepw ]pcm-W-ß-fnepw alm-]-fin-X-\mWv.
At±-l-Øns‚ AKm-[-⁄m-\hpw {ioaZv `mK-
hXw, `K-h-ZvKoX, AjvSm-h-{I-KoX F∂o {KŸ-
ß-fpsS efn -X-amb hymJym -\hpw ImcWw
At±lw A[ym-fl-km-[-I¿°v hfsc {]nb-¶-c-\mb
am¿§-Z¿in-bm-bn-Øo¿∂n-́ p≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ kc-
f-Xbpw Cuiz-c-i-‡n-bn-ep≈ AKm[ hnizm-khpw,
k¿tΔ-iz-cs‚ apºn¬ ]q¿Æ-amb Bfl-k-a¿∏-
Whpw At±-lsØ ⁄m\˛`‡n˛ sshcm-Ky-ß-
fpsS Hcp al-\ob ka-\z-b-aq¿Øn-bm-°n-bn-́ p≠v.
kzman-Pn-bpsS hn]p-e-amb ]mfin-Xyhpw `mc-
Xob Z¿i-\-ß-tfmSpw kwkvIm-c-tØm-Sp-ap≈
Xo{h-`-‡nbpw At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-I-fn-se√mw
\ng-en®p ImWmw. Ah B¥-c-amb B[ym-fln-
Im-\p-`qXn t\Sp-∂-Xn\pw kzbw Db¿∂ B[ym-
flnI Xe-Øn-te-°p-b-cp-∂-Xn\pw {]mtbm-KnI
am¿§-Z¿i-I-ßmWv. Bh¿Øn-®p≈ A`ym-k-Øn-
\mWv At±lw F∂pw {]m[m\yw Iev]n-®n-́ p-≈Xv.
]c-a-amb A[ym-fl-⁄m\w Dƒs°m-≈p∂p
F∂v ]cs° {]iw-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ̀ K-h-ZvKo-X-bnse
tI{μ-k-tμiw efn-X-ambn hnh-cn-°p∂ H∂mWv
Cu {KŸw. KoX-bpsS bYm¿∞ ktμiw a\- n-
em-°p-∂-Xn¬ km[-I¿°v ]e-t∏mgpw hnjaw
t\cn-Sp-∂p≠v. AXn\p ImcWw, Bi-b-°p-g∏w
D≠m-°p-∂-hn[w hymJym-Xm-°ƒ KoXm-h-N-\-
ßsf ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-®-XmWv. km[-I-
∑m-cpsS hn`n-∂-X-e-ß-fn¬ B hymJym-\-߃ icn-
bm-sW∂pw hcmw.
KotXm-]-tZ-i-ßsf ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬
\S-∏n¬ hcpØn, ap‡-\mb ⁄m\n -bpsS
Ahÿ {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]mtbm-KnI am¿§-
߃ kzmanPn Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ \evIp∂p.