Foot, Ankle, & Lower Leg
Anatomical Structures
Bones
• 28 bones in the foot
• Toes = phalanges (14 bones)
• Sesamoids
• Metatarsals (5 bones)
• Cuboid, Navicular, Cuneiforms (3)
• Talus, Calcaneus
• Bones• Talus• Calcaneus• Cuboid• Cuneiform
Intermediate• Cuneiform Lateral• Cuneiform Medial • NavicularNavicular• Metatarsals• ProximalPhalanges• Middle Phalanges• Distal Phalanges• Sesamoid
JointsDistalInter – Phalangeal Joint
ProximalInter- Phalangeal Joint
Metatarso-Phalangeal Joint
Dot labeling
• DP• MP• PP• Mt• MC• IC
• LC
• Cu• Nav• Tal• Cal• MM• LM
Medial Side
• Metatarsals– 1st-4th : Top of the
foot from the MP joint (last “knuckle”) until you feel the next “bump”
•Distal Phalanges – tips of your toes•Proximal Phalanges – the start of your toes
Medial• NavicularNavicular -- the
prominent structure on the medial side of the foot.
Cuneiform Medial: Between the proximal end of the 1st metatarsal and the navicular tuberosity
Medial MalleolusBone sticking out on the inside
Anterior• Proximal
Phalanges – the start of your toes
• Middle Phalanges – middle part of your toes
• Distal Phalanges – tips of your toes
•Metatarsals•1st-4th : Top of the foot from the MP joint (last
“knuckle”) until you feel the next “bump”
•Cuneiform Intermediate and Lateral – after the “bump” (the proximal end of the metatarsals) of the 2nd and 3rd toes, you will be on the Intermediate (2nd met) and Lateral (3rd met) Cuneiforms
Lateral
• 5th Metatarsal: lateral side of the foot, the proximal end is the most prominent point on the lateral side.
•Cuboid: Palpate the styloid process of the 5th metatarsal, then move promixmally and note a groove
• Lateral Malleolus - Bone sticking out on the lateral side
•Talus - The divot anterior and inferior to lateral malleolus
Calcaneus - Your heelCalcaneus - Your heelPeroneal Tubercle: Peroneal Tubercle: This tubercle is the This tubercle is the most prominent most prominent landmark on the landmark on the calcaneous located calcaneous located inferior and anterior inferior and anterior to the lateral to the lateral malleolusmalleolus
Bones of
Lower Leg
Arches of the Foot
• Longitudinal Arch– Runs from Calcaneus to the Metatarsal Heads– Acts as a shock absorber– Proximal end of the Feet are very important!
• Transverse Arch– Across the metatarsal heads
Longitudinal Arch
Ligaments
• What does a ligament do?
• What is the name for the injury to a ligament?
Lateral Ligaments
• Anterior Talo-fibular Ligament (ATF)
• Calcaneofibular Ligament (CF)
• Posterior Talo-fibular Ligament (PTF)
-Anterior Tibio-Fibular Ligament (Anterior Tib-Fib)-Posterior Tibio-Fibular Ligament(Posterior Tib-Fib)
Deltoid LigamentDeltoid Ligament
- Made up of 4 ligaments in one!
Muscles of lower leg, ankle, & foot
• Gastrocnemius– O: Medial and Lateral
Condyle of the Femur– I: Calcaneus– A: Flex knee, pf ankle
• Soleus (Achilles Tendon)– O: Proximal fibula,
middle tibia– I: Calcaneus– A: pf ankle
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Muscles of Lower Leg
• Flexor Hallucis Longus– O: Middle posterior fibula– I: Distal Phalenx of great toe– A: Pf and inv of ankle, flex great toe
Muscles of Lower Leg
• Flexor Digitorum Longus– O:Posterior Tibia– I: Distal phalanges of toes 2-5– A: pf and inverson of ankle, flex toes 2-5
Muscles of Lower Leg
• Tibialis Posterior– O: Middle posterior tibia and
fibula– I: Navicular, medial
cuneiform, and metatarsals 2-5
– A: pf and inversion of ankle
Muscles of Lower Leg• Peroneus Longus
– O: lateral tibia and proximal fibula– I: Proximal end of 1st metatarsal
(plantar side)– A: Eversion/ PF
• Peroneus Brevis– O: middle fibula– I: 5th metatarsal – A: Eversion/ PF
Muscles of Lower Leg
• Tibialis Anterior– O: lateral proximal tibia– I: medial cuneiform and
Proximal end of 1st metatarsal– A: Dorsiflexion/ inversion
Muscles of Lower Leg
• Extensor Digitorum Longus– O: Lateral tibia/ proximal fibula– I: phalanges of 2-5– A: DF, Eversion, Extension 2-5
• Extensor Hallucis Longus– O: Middle fibula– I: distal phalanx great toe– A: DF, Inversion, Extension
great toe
Muscles of Lower Leg Structures
Muscles of Lower Leg
What muscles
• Invert the foot
• Evert the foot
• Plantarflex
• Dorsiflex
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