Chapter 8

Foot and Ankle

Bones of the Foot and Ankle

• 28 bones:• Tarsals (7)• Metatarsals (5)• Phalanges (14)• Tibia• Fibula

Calcaneus

Talus

Navicular

Cuboid

3rd Cuneiform

2nd Cuneiform1st

CuneiformMetatarsals

Proximal PhalanxIntermediate

PhalanxDistal PhalanxProximal Phalanx of Great ToeDistal Phalanx of Great Toe

Arches of the Foot

• 4 arches• Longitudinal

• Medial• Lateral

• Metatarsal• Transverse

• Plantar Fascia

Metatarsal Arch

Transverse Arch

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

Medial Longitudinal Arch

Bones of the Ankle and Lateral Ligaments

• Lateral View (Left Ankle)• 4 Bones

• Tibia• Fibula• Talus• Calcaneus

• 3 Main Lateral Ligaments

• ATF• PTF• CF

Medial Ligaments of the Ankle

• Deltoid Ligament (Medial View of Left foot)• 4 strong

ligaments• Post. Tibiotalar

Lig.• Tibiocalcaneal

Lig.• Ant. Tibiotalar

Lig.• Tibionavicular

Lig.

ROM of Foot and Ankle

• Dorsiflexion• Plantar flexion• Inversion• Eversion• Abduction• Adduction• Toe Flexion• Toe Extension• Supination• Pronation

Muscles of the Lower Leg• Tibialis Anterior (In

front of the Tibia)• Origin• Insertion• Action

Tibialis Posterior

• (Behind the Tibia)• Origin• Insertion• Action

Extensor Hallicus Longus

• Hallicus = Big Toe• Origin• Insertion• Action

Extensor Digitorum Longus

• Origin• Insertion• Action

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

• Gastrocnemius • Origin• Insertion• Action

• Soleus• Origin• Insertion• Action

• “Calf Muscle”

Peroneal Muscles

• Peroneus Longus• Origin• Insertion• Action

• Peroneus Brevis• Origin• Insertion• Action

• Peroneus Tertius• Origin• Insertion• Action

Flexor Digitorum Longus

• Origin• Insertion• Action

Flexor Hallicus Longus

• Hallicus = Big Toe

• Origin• Insertion• Action

Plantaris

• Origin• Insertion• Action

Athletic Injuries Involving the Foot, Ankle and Lower

Leg• Turf Toe• Arch Strain• Ankle Sprain• Ankle Dislocation• Achilles Tendon

Strain• Achilles Tendonitis• Achilles Tendon

Rupture• Jones Fracture• Stress Fractures• Lower Leg Fracture

(Tibia/Fibula Malleolus)

• Foot Fracture (Metatarsal/Tarsal)

• Blisters• Shin Splints• Anterior

Compartment Syndrome

• Heel Contusion (Bruise)

• Heel Spur• Muscle Cramps• Plantar Fasciitis• Syndesmotic Sprain• “Hammer” Toe• Pes Cavus/Pes

Plantus

Special Tests

• Tinel’s Sign• Morton’s Test• Percussion Test• Compression Test• Thompson Test

• Homan’s Sign• Anterior Drawer Test• Talar Tilt Test• Kleiger’s Test

For Your Quiz

• You should be able to:• Identify the muscles of the lower leg

from illustrations.• Identify the bones of the foot, ankle,

and lower leg from illustrations and on models.

• Identify the four major ligaments of the ankle joint.

• Group the muscles of the lower leg by their function(s).