Exercise 6A
Classification of Tissues
The Tissue
• Multicellular organisms made up of tissues. • Tissues are the group of cells that are
similar in structure and function.• Study of tissues, Histology, complements a
study of gross anatomy and provides the structural basis for a study of organ physiology.
The Tissues
• Four primary tissue types are: – Epithelial tissue (Epithelium) – Connective tissue– Nervous tissue– Muscular tissue (Muscles)
The Organs
• Two or many types of primary tissues are grouped together to make organs; heart, lungs, kidneys
• Organs perform specific body functions
Epithelial Tissue
• Epithelium covers external body surface, the organs and lines the cavities inside organs.
• Functions- protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception.
Epithelial Tissue
• Characteristics: – Polarity (apical and basal surface)– Cellularity and specialized contacts– Supported by connective tissue (basement membrane)– Avascularity– Regeneration
Epithelial Tissue Types: Layer\Shape Flat (squamous) Cube Column (tall)
One layer Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Multiple layers
Stratified squamous
Stratified cuboidal
Stratified columnar
Other types Transitional epithelium Pseudostratified columnar
Connective Tissue
• Found in all parts of the body, connects the tissues and organs
• Composed of specialized cells embedded within a non-living matrix.
• Matrix is combination of protein fibers (collagen, elastin, & reticulin) and ground substance (interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, & proteoglycans)
• Functions: structural framework, protection, support, energy storage, immunity
Connective Tissue Classification:
1. Connective tissue proper
i. Loose connective tissue
ii. Dense connective tissue
a. Areolar connective tissue; mucous membranesb. Adipose connective tissue; hypodermis of skinc. Reticular connective tissue; bone marrow
a. Dense regular connective tissue; tondonsb. Dense irregular connective tissue; dermis of
skin
2. Supporting Connective Tissue
i. Cartilage
ii. Bone
a. Hyaline cartilage; trachea, ribs, ends of long bonesb. Elastic Cartilage; external ear, epiglottisc. Fibrous cartilage; intervertebral disks, knee joint
a. Osseous connective tissue; bones
3. Fluid Connective tissue
a. Blood ; blood vessels b. Lymph; lymph vessels
1. Loose Connective Tissuea. Areolar connective tissue
1. Loose Connective Tissueb. Adipose connective tissue
1. Loose Connective Tissuec. Reticular connective tissue
2. Dense Connective Tissuea. Dense regular connective tissue
2. Dense Connective Tissueb. Dense irregular connective tissue
1. Cartilage Connective Tissuea. Hyaline cartilage
1. Cartilage Connective Tissueb. Elastic cartilage
1. Cartilage Connective Tissuec. Fibrous cartilage
2. Osseous Connective Tissuea. Bone
3. Fluid connective tissuea. Blood
Muscular tissue
• Muscle tissue is relatively long slender cells containing contractile protein actin and myosin
• Muscle is both excitable and contractile • Function: movement • Types:
a. Skeletal b. Smooth c. Cardiac
Nervous tissue
• Tissues of the nervous system• Composed of two cell population
– Nerons – Neuroglial cells
• Neurons are functional excitable cells
• Glia are supporting cells with variety of functions
• Functions: provides integration and communication between body systems on a relatively fast, short time scale.
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