Exercise 6 a&p lab
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Transcript of Exercise 6 a&p lab
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Exercise 6A
Classification of Tissues
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The Tissue
• Multicellular organisms made up of tissues. • Tissues are the group of cells that are
similar in structure and function.• Study of tissues, Histology, complements a
study of gross anatomy and provides the structural basis for a study of organ physiology.
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The Tissues
• Four primary tissue types are: – Epithelial tissue (Epithelium) – Connective tissue– Nervous tissue– Muscular tissue (Muscles)
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The Organs
• Two or many types of primary tissues are grouped together to make organs; heart, lungs, kidneys
• Organs perform specific body functions
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Epithelial Tissue
• Epithelium covers external body surface, the organs and lines the cavities inside organs.
• Functions- protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception.
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Epithelial Tissue
• Characteristics: – Polarity (apical and basal surface)– Cellularity and specialized contacts– Supported by connective tissue (basement membrane)– Avascularity– Regeneration
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Epithelial Tissue Types: Layer\Shape Flat (squamous) Cube Column (tall)
One layer Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Multiple layers
Stratified squamous
Stratified cuboidal
Stratified columnar
Other types Transitional epithelium Pseudostratified columnar
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Connective Tissue
• Found in all parts of the body, connects the tissues and organs
• Composed of specialized cells embedded within a non-living matrix.
• Matrix is combination of protein fibers (collagen, elastin, & reticulin) and ground substance (interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, & proteoglycans)
• Functions: structural framework, protection, support, energy storage, immunity
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Connective Tissue Classification:
1. Connective tissue proper
i. Loose connective tissue
ii. Dense connective tissue
a. Areolar connective tissue; mucous membranesb. Adipose connective tissue; hypodermis of skinc. Reticular connective tissue; bone marrow
a. Dense regular connective tissue; tondonsb. Dense irregular connective tissue; dermis of
skin
2. Supporting Connective Tissue
i. Cartilage
ii. Bone
a. Hyaline cartilage; trachea, ribs, ends of long bonesb. Elastic Cartilage; external ear, epiglottisc. Fibrous cartilage; intervertebral disks, knee joint
a. Osseous connective tissue; bones
3. Fluid Connective tissue
a. Blood ; blood vessels b. Lymph; lymph vessels
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1. Loose Connective Tissuea. Areolar connective tissue
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1. Loose Connective Tissueb. Adipose connective tissue
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1. Loose Connective Tissuec. Reticular connective tissue
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2. Dense Connective Tissuea. Dense regular connective tissue
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2. Dense Connective Tissueb. Dense irregular connective tissue
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1. Cartilage Connective Tissuea. Hyaline cartilage
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1. Cartilage Connective Tissueb. Elastic cartilage
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1. Cartilage Connective Tissuec. Fibrous cartilage
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2. Osseous Connective Tissuea. Bone
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3. Fluid connective tissuea. Blood
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Muscular tissue
• Muscle tissue is relatively long slender cells containing contractile protein actin and myosin
• Muscle is both excitable and contractile • Function: movement • Types:
a. Skeletal b. Smooth c. Cardiac
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Nervous tissue
• Tissues of the nervous system• Composed of two cell population
– Nerons – Neuroglial cells
• Neurons are functional excitable cells
• Glia are supporting cells with variety of functions
• Functions: provides integration and communication between body systems on a relatively fast, short time scale.