A great university: a great library
New Models for Scholarly New Models for Scholarly Communications: The Knowledge Communications: The Knowledge
Bank Project at the Ohio State Bank Project at the Ohio State UniversityUniversity
Joseph J. BraninDirector of Libraries
The Ohio State University
A Presentation to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville
April 1, 2004
““Squeeze Collection”Squeeze Collection”
Center for Epigraphical and Paleographical StudiesCenter for Epigraphical and Paleographical Studies
Ohio State’s Knowledge Bank
Motivations for creating the
Knowledge Bank at Ohio State
Increasing amount and diversity of digital content being produced on campus
Interest by administrators and faculty to better organize, share, and in some cases, market these digital assets
Librarian expertise in information management
The OSU Knowledge Bank
Diverse SourcesUnified AccessIntegrated InformationTrusted Archive
A Proposal for Development of anOSU Knowledge Bank
Submitted to theOSU Distance Learning/Continuing Education Committee
June 21, 2002http://www.lib.ohio-state.edu/Lib_Info/scholarcom/KBproposal.html
ByThe OSU Knowledge Bank Planning CommitteeChair: Joseph J. Branin, Director of Libraries
Data Maps-MetadataData Maps-Metadata
high low
low
high
Relative emphasis of content in WorldCat
Stewardship/publishing
uniq
uene
ssBooksJournalsNewspapersGovernment docsAudiovisualMapsScores
Special collectionsRare booksLocal/Historical newspapersLocal history materialsArchives & manuscriptsTheses & dissertations
Freely-accessible web resourcesOpen source softwareNewsgroup archives
Institutional repositories •ePrints•Learning objects/materials•Research data
Knowledge Management ContextAt the Ohio State University, the Knowledge Bank project places its institutional repository in the larger context of a multifaceted knowledge management program.
–The university library’s traditional focus on collecting, storing, and preserving published scholarly material is related and extended to new responsibilities for handling unpublished digital assets such as working papers, research databases, and multimedia course material.
–Administrative and academic computing’s responsibilities for data warehousing, teaching technology, and course management systems also are related to the institutional repository through the Knowledge Bank project.
–And other knowledge management activities such as the development of expertise directories and information policies for rights and privacy are viewed as related parts of an overall knowledge management program.
Knowledge Management Basics
1. Data, information, and knowledge2. Tacit and explicit knowledge3. The dynamic and social nature of
knowledge management
Peter Drucker, The Coming of the new organization, Harvard Business Review, 1988
Special issue on Knowledge Management in Journal
of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2002
Knowledge Management Definitions
Data = simple, discrete facts and figuresInformation = data organized for a meaningful
purpose
Knowledge = Knowledge is a fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, and expert insight that provides a framework for evaluating and incorporating new experience and information. It originates and is applied in the minds of knowers. In organizations, it often becomes embedded not only in documents and repositories but also in organizational routines, processes, practices, and norms. (Davenport and Prusak)
Explicit and Tacit Knowledge
Formally articulated Documented Stored in repositories Reports, lessons
learned Fixed, codified
Transferred through conversations
Difficult to articulate or unspoken
Held within self, personal
Insight and understanding
Judgments, assumptions
From Claire McInernye, JASIST, 2002
The Nature of Knowledge Management
Knowledge happens in and among people; it is the social life of information
Inclusive or enterprise-wide view of data, information, and knowledge
• Managing expertise• Creating a culture of learning and of
sharing knowledge
Dynamic process of creation, elicitation, and sharing
Digital Knowledge Bank at OSU Online Published Material
• E-books, e-journals, government documents, handbooks
Online Reference Tools• Catalogs, indexes, dictionaries,
encyclopedias, directories Online Information Services
• Scholar’s portal, alumni portal, chat reference, online tutorials,, e-reserves, e-course packs, technology help center
Electronic Records Management Administrative Data Warehouse Digital Publishing Assistance
• Pre-print services• E-books, e-journal support• Web site development and
maintenance Information/IP Policy
Development
Faculty Expertise Directory Digital Institutional
Repository• Digital special collections• Rich media (multimedia)• Data sets and files• Theses/dissertations• Faculty publications, pre-
publications, working papers• Educational materials
• Learning objects• Course reserves/E-course
pack materials• Course Web sites
Research/Development in Digital Information Services• User needs studies• Applying best practice• Assistance with Technology
Transfer
Institutional Repository Definition
Although institutional repositories are still evolving and taking on differing manifestations in specific institutions, they can be defined in general as systems and service models designed to collect, organize, store, share, and preserve an institution’s digital information or knowledge assets worthy of such investment.
This may, of course, sound very much like a library, and in many cases an institution’s library should and is taking responsibility for developing and operating such a digital repository.
But while the mission of an institutional repository coincides nicely with that of a library, the technical infrastructure and the types of material collected in such a repository present new challenges and extended responsibilities for the traditional library.
Digital Content (Asset) Management Maturing
The Open Archival Information System (OAIS) model developed by an international group of information technology organizations spearheaded by NASA’s Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, which offers “a comprehensive logical model describing all the functions required in a digital repository
The Open Archives Initiative from the library and scientific community, which has developed an Open Archives Metadata Harvesting Protocol (OAI-PMH) that defines a mechanism for harvesting XML-formatted metadata from repositories
Digital Asset Management Maturing (continued)
A Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) developed under the sponsorship of the Digital Library Federation, which provides a schema for encoding descriptive, administrative, and structured metadata in a digital repository or library
Shareable Courseware Object Reference Model (SCRORM) developed by the federal government agency Advanced Distributed Learning to provide guidance for the preparation and storage of digital educational material so that such material is “reusable, accessible, interoperable, and durable.
) Digital Asset Management Maturing (continued)
Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata (PRISM), a schema under development by the publishing industry to create a common language for the metadata that describes published digital assets
Open source and proprietary software systems such as Dspace, ePrints, FEDORA, bepress, Documentum, CONTENTdm, IBM’s Content Management, and Artesia’s TEAMS that offer technical infrastructure options for implementing all or part of an institutional repository
OAIS Functional Model
Dspace Model
Cooperative Organizational Approach to Developing the Knowledge Bank
The Ohio State University• Libraries, Chief Information Officer, Office of
Research, University Press, Academic faculty and technologists
OhioLINK• Member libraries, Ohio Learning Network,
Ohio Super Computer • Digital Media Center (Documentum
platform) MIT: DSpace FederationOCLC
Getting the Knowledge Bank Underway
1. Vision, general plan -- 2001- 2002 (done)2. Funding –2003 -- reallocation, University
start up funds, State grant (done)3. Create digital repository program –
deploy Dspace and extent OhioLink’s Digital Media Center (underway)
4. Develop and deploy a service model (underway)
5. Engage faculty (underway)
Types of Material for Repository
Electronic Theses and Dissertations• Graduate school requirement for all
new Ph.D. dissertations 2002+• Working with undergraduate honors
program to move digital with honors theses
Types of Material for Repository
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
“Center” publications• Annual reports• Working papers• Conference proceedings• Multimedia material
Types of Material for Repository
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
“Center” publications• Annual reports• Working papers• Conference proceedings• Multimedia material
Course material
Types of Material for Repository
Electronic Theses and Dissertations“Center” publications
• Annual reports• Working papers• Conference proceedings• Multimedia material
Course materialLibrary resources
Institutional Repository Projects
Olentangy River Wetlands Research NIH- Principles of Parallel Causation WW II photos, videos & sound reminiscies Undergraduate Honors Program International Studies Program Hilandar Library watermarks collection Office of Research Digital Union Teaching and Learning Center Research Interns University Press: out-of-print backfile, new
monograph series
Biggest Challenges in Creating an Institutional Repository
Faculty Engagement• Bibliographer/Selector liaison• Campus Inventory of Digital Projects• Expertise Directory• Communities of Practice• Grants Program Requirement
Technical Assurances and Standards• Digital Preservation (Open Archive
Information System “OAIS” Reference Model)• Degrees of Digital Access (Open Archive
Initiative “OAI-PMH”)
Worldwide Resources
Columbus & Ohio Resources
OSU Central Databases
OSU Academic Unit Databases
OSU Faculty Data
Knowledge Bank
Engine
Internet
OARNet
OSU SONNET Network
The OSU Knowledge Bank
Unified Access
Knowledge Bank TeamDiverse
Sources
Integrated
InformationLeadership Training Coordination Standards
Technical Support
Business Partnerships
Collaborative Research
Enriched Instruction
+New Technology
Trusted Archive