A great university: a great library

New Models for Scholarly New Models for Scholarly Communications: The Knowledge Communications: The Knowledge

Bank Project at the Ohio State Bank Project at the Ohio State UniversityUniversity

Joseph J. BraninDirector of Libraries

The Ohio State University

A Presentation to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville

April 1, 2004

““Squeeze Collection”Squeeze Collection”

Center for Epigraphical and Paleographical StudiesCenter for Epigraphical and Paleographical Studies

Ohio State’s Knowledge Bank

Motivations for creating the

Knowledge Bank at Ohio State

Increasing amount and diversity of digital content being produced on campus

Interest by administrators and faculty to better organize, share, and in some cases, market these digital assets

Librarian expertise in information management

The OSU Knowledge Bank

Diverse SourcesUnified AccessIntegrated InformationTrusted Archive

A Proposal for Development of anOSU Knowledge Bank

Submitted to theOSU Distance Learning/Continuing Education Committee

June 21, 2002http://www.lib.ohio-state.edu/Lib_Info/scholarcom/KBproposal.html

ByThe OSU Knowledge Bank Planning CommitteeChair: Joseph J. Branin, Director of Libraries

Data Maps-MetadataData Maps-Metadata

high low

low

high

Relative emphasis of content in WorldCat

Stewardship/publishing

uniq

uene

ssBooksJournalsNewspapersGovernment docsAudiovisualMapsScores

Special collectionsRare booksLocal/Historical newspapersLocal history materialsArchives & manuscriptsTheses & dissertations

Freely-accessible web resourcesOpen source softwareNewsgroup archives

Institutional repositories •ePrints•Learning objects/materials•Research data

Knowledge Management ContextAt the Ohio State University, the Knowledge Bank project places its institutional repository in the larger context of a multifaceted knowledge management program.

–The university library’s traditional focus on collecting, storing, and preserving published scholarly material is related and extended to new responsibilities for handling unpublished digital assets such as working papers, research databases, and multimedia course material.

–Administrative and academic computing’s responsibilities for data warehousing, teaching technology, and course management systems also are related to the institutional repository through the Knowledge Bank project.

–And other knowledge management activities such as the development of expertise directories and information policies for rights and privacy are viewed as related parts of an overall knowledge management program.

Knowledge Management Basics

1. Data, information, and knowledge2. Tacit and explicit knowledge3. The dynamic and social nature of

knowledge management

Peter Drucker, The Coming of the new organization, Harvard Business Review, 1988

Special issue on Knowledge Management in Journal

of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2002

Knowledge Management Definitions

Data = simple, discrete facts and figuresInformation = data organized for a meaningful

purpose

Knowledge = Knowledge is a fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, and expert insight that provides a framework for evaluating and incorporating new experience and information. It originates and is applied in the minds of knowers. In organizations, it often becomes embedded not only in documents and repositories but also in organizational routines, processes, practices, and norms. (Davenport and Prusak)

Explicit and Tacit Knowledge

Formally articulated Documented Stored in repositories Reports, lessons

learned Fixed, codified

Transferred through conversations

Difficult to articulate or unspoken

Held within self, personal

Insight and understanding

Judgments, assumptions

From Claire McInernye, JASIST, 2002

The Nature of Knowledge Management

Knowledge happens in and among people; it is the social life of information

Inclusive or enterprise-wide view of data, information, and knowledge

• Managing expertise• Creating a culture of learning and of

sharing knowledge

Dynamic process of creation, elicitation, and sharing

Digital Knowledge Bank at OSU Online Published Material

• E-books, e-journals, government documents, handbooks

Online Reference Tools• Catalogs, indexes, dictionaries,

encyclopedias, directories Online Information Services

• Scholar’s portal, alumni portal, chat reference, online tutorials,, e-reserves, e-course packs, technology help center

Electronic Records Management Administrative Data Warehouse Digital Publishing Assistance

• Pre-print services• E-books, e-journal support• Web site development and

maintenance Information/IP Policy

Development

Faculty Expertise Directory Digital Institutional

Repository• Digital special collections• Rich media (multimedia)• Data sets and files• Theses/dissertations• Faculty publications, pre-

publications, working papers• Educational materials

• Learning objects• Course reserves/E-course

pack materials• Course Web sites

Research/Development in Digital Information Services• User needs studies• Applying best practice• Assistance with Technology

Transfer

Institutional Repository Definition

Although institutional repositories are still evolving and taking on differing manifestations in specific institutions, they can be defined in general as systems and service models designed to collect, organize, store, share, and preserve an institution’s digital information or knowledge assets worthy of such investment.

This may, of course, sound very much like a library, and in many cases an institution’s library should and is taking responsibility for developing and operating such a digital repository.

But while the mission of an institutional repository coincides nicely with that of a library, the technical infrastructure and the types of material collected in such a repository present new challenges and extended responsibilities for the traditional library.

Digital Content (Asset) Management Maturing

The Open Archival Information System (OAIS) model developed by an international group of information technology organizations spearheaded by NASA’s Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, which offers “a comprehensive logical model describing all the functions required in a digital repository

The Open Archives Initiative from the library and scientific community, which has developed an Open Archives Metadata Harvesting Protocol (OAI-PMH) that defines a mechanism for harvesting XML-formatted metadata from repositories

Digital Asset Management Maturing (continued)

A Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) developed under the sponsorship of the Digital Library Federation, which provides a schema for encoding descriptive, administrative, and structured metadata in a digital repository or library

Shareable Courseware Object Reference Model (SCRORM) developed by the federal government agency Advanced Distributed Learning to provide guidance for the preparation and storage of digital educational material so that such material is “reusable, accessible, interoperable, and durable.

) Digital Asset Management Maturing (continued)

Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata (PRISM), a schema under development by the publishing industry to create a common language for the metadata that describes published digital assets

Open source and proprietary software systems such as Dspace, ePrints, FEDORA, bepress, Documentum, CONTENTdm, IBM’s Content Management, and Artesia’s TEAMS that offer technical infrastructure options for implementing all or part of an institutional repository

OAIS Functional Model

Dspace Model

Cooperative Organizational Approach to Developing the Knowledge Bank

The Ohio State University• Libraries, Chief Information Officer, Office of

Research, University Press, Academic faculty and technologists

OhioLINK• Member libraries, Ohio Learning Network,

Ohio Super Computer • Digital Media Center (Documentum

platform) MIT: DSpace FederationOCLC

Getting the Knowledge Bank Underway

1. Vision, general plan -- 2001- 2002 (done)2. Funding –2003 -- reallocation, University

start up funds, State grant (done)3. Create digital repository program –

deploy Dspace and extent OhioLink’s Digital Media Center (underway)

4. Develop and deploy a service model (underway)

5. Engage faculty (underway)

Types of Material for Repository

Electronic Theses and Dissertations• Graduate school requirement for all

new Ph.D. dissertations 2002+• Working with undergraduate honors

program to move digital with honors theses

Types of Material for Repository

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

“Center” publications• Annual reports• Working papers• Conference proceedings• Multimedia material

Types of Material for Repository

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

“Center” publications• Annual reports• Working papers• Conference proceedings• Multimedia material

Course material

Types of Material for Repository

Electronic Theses and Dissertations“Center” publications

• Annual reports• Working papers• Conference proceedings• Multimedia material

Course materialLibrary resources

Institutional Repository Projects

Olentangy River Wetlands Research NIH- Principles of Parallel Causation WW II photos, videos & sound reminiscies Undergraduate Honors Program International Studies Program Hilandar Library watermarks collection Office of Research Digital Union Teaching and Learning Center Research Interns University Press: out-of-print backfile, new

monograph series

Biggest Challenges in Creating an Institutional Repository

Faculty Engagement• Bibliographer/Selector liaison• Campus Inventory of Digital Projects• Expertise Directory• Communities of Practice• Grants Program Requirement

Technical Assurances and Standards• Digital Preservation (Open Archive

Information System “OAIS” Reference Model)• Degrees of Digital Access (Open Archive

Initiative “OAI-PMH”)

Worldwide Resources

Columbus & Ohio Resources

OSU Central Databases

OSU Academic Unit Databases

OSU Faculty Data

Knowledge Bank

Engine

Internet

OARNet

OSU SONNET Network

The OSU Knowledge Bank

Unified Access

Knowledge Bank TeamDiverse

Sources

Integrated

InformationLeadership Training Coordination Standards

Technical Support

Business Partnerships

Collaborative Research

Enriched Instruction

+New Technology

Trusted Archive