INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 3 / MAY 2016
IJPRES
DEVELOPING ANDROID APPLICATION ON ARM7 FOR HEALTH CARE
MONITORING USING WIRELESS DEVICES M. SOUMYA 1, B. PAVITRA 2
1M.Tech Student, Dept of ECE, Anurag Group of institutions (formerly CVSR College of Engineering)
(autonomous), Venkatapur village, Ghatkesar mandal, rangareddy, Telnagana, India
2Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, Anurag Group of institutions (formerly CVSR College of Engineering)
(autonomous), Venkatapur village, Ghatkesar mandal, rangareddy, Telnagana, India
Abstract: This paper describes the design of a
simple, low-cost controller based wireless Multi-
patient health monitoring system using WIFI,
RFID,GSM with wireless automatic doctor
alerting through SMS. For the medical
professionals it becomes important to
continuously monitor the conditions of a patient.
In a large setup like a hospital or clinical center
where a single doctor attends many patients, it
becomes difficult to keep informed about the
critical conditions developed in each of the
patients. This project provides a device which will
continuously monitor the vital parameters to be
monitored for a patient and do data logging
continuously. If any critical situation arises in a
patient, this unit also raises an alarm and also
communicates to the concerned doctor by means
of an SMS to the doctor.
Keywords: Microcontroller, GSM Modem, RFID
Reader, WIFI Module Temperature sensor, Pulse
sensor.
I. Introduction:
In the field of health monitoring the current most
important user groups are those aged 40 and more.
The group of 40+ users shows more diversity in
their health conditions than younger people.
Hence the entire project can be broadly divided
into four sections firstly, the parameters measured
from the patient & transmitted, secondly the
signal processing and conversion to digital form;
thirdly decision making with the help of an
algorithm where they obtained signal values are
compared with the standard values and finally the
transmission of the condition of the patient to the
doctor. Hence the entire project can be broadly
divided into four sections firstly, the parameters
measured from the patient & transmitted,
secondly the signal processing and conversion to
digital form; thirdly decision making with the help
of an algorithm where they obtained signal values
are compared with the standard values and finally
the transmission of the condition of the patient to
the doctor.
II. Existing system
Currently there are number of health monitoring
systems available for the ICU patients which can
be used only when the patient is on bed. This
system is wired everywhere. The patient is
monitored in ICU and the data transferred to the
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 3 / MAY 2016
IJPRES
PC is wired. Such systems become difficult where
the distance between System and PC is more. The
available systems are huge in size. Regular
monitoring of patient is not possible once he/she
is discharged from hospitals. These systems
cannot be used at individual level. The other
problem with these systems is that it is not
capable of transmitting data continuously also
range limitations of different wireless
technologies used in the systems. So to overcome
these limitations of systems we have proposed a
new real time health monitoring system of patient
based on WIFI, GSM, and SMS is designed and
developed in this project.
III. Proposed hardware system
Microcontroller: The LPC2148 are based on a
16/32 bit ARM7TDMI-S™ CPU with real-time
emulation and embedded trace support, together
with 128/512 kilobytes of embedded high speed
flash memory. A 128-bit wide memory interface
and unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit
code execution at maximum clock rate.
RFID Reader: RFID Reader Module, are also
called as interrogators. They convert radio waves
Returned from the RFID tag into a form that can
be passed on to Controllers, which can Make use
of it. RFID tags and readers have to be tuned to
the same frequency in order to communicate.
PC Section: This section basically contains a PC
with Serial communication associated hardware.
Apart from this, the web cam is also connected to
the PC. The serial communication associated
hardware circuitry includes the bus (DB 9)
connector from PC to Microcontroller.
WIFI module: This module helps the data to get
placed in the internet and get transferred to the
other authenticated users through a wireless
network. Here we use WIFI module named as
VSD03.
ECG Sensor Section: This section basically
contains the ECG electrodes which are placed on
the body of the person. These signals are given to
the controller as inputs and are manipulated by the
microcontroller to be displayed on the PC using
MATLAB.
GSM Modem: GSM/GPRS RS232 Modem from
rhydo LABZ is built with sim com Make SIM900
Quad-band GSM/GPRS engine, works on
frequencies 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and
1900 MHz It is very compact in size and easy to
use as plug in GSM Modem.
Temperature sensor LM35: LM35 series are
precision integration-circuit temperature sensors
whose output voltage is linearly proportional to
the Celsius temperature. The LM35 does not
require any external calibration or trimming to
provide typical accuracies. This is 3 legs IC that
directly gives analog output. This unit requires
+5VDC for it proper operation.
Buzzer Section: This section consists of a
Buzzer. The buzzer is used to alert / indicate the
completion of process. It is sometimes used to
indicate the start of the embedded system by
alerting during start-up.
IV. Design of proposed hardware
system
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 3 / MAY 2016
IJPRES
Fig.1.Block diagram
This project describes the design of a simple, low-
cost controller based wireless Multi-patient health
monitoring system using WIFI, RFID,GSM with
wireless automatic doctor alerting through SMS.
For the medical professionals it becomes
important to continuously monitor the conditions
of a patient. In a large setup like a hospital or
clinical center where a single doctor attends many
patients, it becomes difficult to keep informed
about the critical conditions developed in each of
the patients. This project provides a device which
will continuously monitor the vital parameters to
be monitored for a patient and do data logging
continuously. If any critical situation arises in a
patient, this unit also raises an alarm and also
communicates to the concerned doctor by means
of an SMS to the doctor. In this project, we are
sensing the pulse rate of wrist and temperature
sensor. If the pulse/temperature is above/below
the normal rate, then the pulse rate/temperature
sends the SMS through the GSM modem &
simultaneously it sends to the PC at the receiver
through the WIFI and gives the alarm. If you
want the pulse rate/temperature at any time of the
person then sends the message to the GSM
modem then GSM modem will transmit the pulse
rate /temperature as a message to the person.
Here we are using different sensors to
monitor the health conditions of two patients even
though they are at remote place. And this
information will be wireless carried to doctor in
PC by using an advanced WIFI communication
device at both ends. Heart rate of the subject is
measured from the thumb finger using IRD (Infra
Red Device sensors and the rate is then averaged
and displayed on a text based LCD), various
temperature ratings of patient and display it
wirelessly at receiver (PC) end with audio alerting
indication. Here we are providing a panic switch
to each patient to indicate any adverse conditions
to doctor. Once the patient is going to discharge
from hospital the patient is provided with RFID
based card to have the patient details to be stored
in .This reduces the problem to user instead of
carrying report while leaving from hospital.
V. Board Hardware Resources
Features
GSM Module
GSM (Global System for Mobile communication)
is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely
used in many parts of the world. The mobile
communications has become one of the driving
forces of the digital revolution. Every day,
millions of people are making phone calls by
pressing a few buttons. Little is known about how
one person's voice reaches the other person's
phone that is thousands of miles away. Even less
is known about the security measures and
protection behind the system. The complexity of
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 3 / MAY 2016
IJPRES
the cell phone is increasing as people begin
sending text messages and digital pictures to their
friends and family. The cell phone is slowly
turning into a handheld computer. All the features
and advancements in cell phone technology
require a backbone to support it. The system has
to provide security and the capability for growth
to accommodate future enhancements. General
System for Mobile Communications, GSM, is one
of the many solutions out there. GSM has been
dubbed the "Wireless Revolution" and it doesn't
take much to realize why GSM provides a secure
and confidential method of communication.
GSM (Global System for Mobile communication)
is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely
used in many parts of the world. GSM uses a
variation of Time Division Multiple Access
(TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three
digital wireless telephone technologies (TDMA,
GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and
compresses data, then sends it down a channel
with two other streams of user data, each in its
own time slot. GSM operates in the 900MHz,
1800MHz, or 1900 MHz frequency bands. GSM
has been the backbone of the phenomenal success
in mobile telecoms over the last decade. Now, at
the dawn of the era of true broadband services,
GSM continues to evolve to meet new demands.
One of GSM's great strengths is its international
roaming capability, giving consumers a seamless
service. This has been a vital driver in growth,
with around 300 million. In the Americas, today's
7 million subscribers are set to grow rapidly, with
market potential of 500 million in population, due
to the introduction of GSM 800, which allows
operators using the 800 MHz band to have access
to GSM technology too.
GSM together with other technologies is part of
an evolution of wireless mobile
telecommunication that includes High-Speed
Circuit-Switched Data (HCSD), General Packet
Radio System (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM
Environment (EDGE), and Universal Mobile
Telecommunications Service (UMTS). GSM
security issues such as theft of service, privacy,
and legal interception continue to raise significant
interest in the GSM community.
The purpose of this portal is to raise awareness of
these issues with GSM security. The mobile
communications has become one of the driving
forces of the digital revolution. Every day,
millions of people are making phone calls by
pressing a few buttons. Little is known about how
one person's voice reaches the other person's
phone that is thousands of miles away. Even less
is known about the security measures and
protection behind the system.
The complexity of the cell phone is increasing as
people begin sending text messages and digital
pictures to their friends and family. The cell
phone is slowly turning into a handheld computer.
All the features and advancements in cell phone
technology require a backbone to support it. The
system has to provide security and the capability
for growth to accommodate future enhancements.
General System for Mobile Communications,
GSM, is one of the many solutions out there.
GSM has been dubbed the "Wireless Revolution"
and it doesn't take much to realize why GSM
provides a secure and confidential method of
communication.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 3 / MAY 2016
IJPRES
Fig.2. General Architecture of a GSM network
WIFI
The components, organization, and operation of
Wi-Fi networks will be presented. There is an
emphasis on security issues and the available
security protocols. Wi-Fi is the name given by
the Wi-Fi Alliance to the IEEE 802.11 suite of
standards. 802.11 defined the initial standard for
wireless local area networks (WLANs), but it was
considered too slow for some applications and so
was superseded by the extensions 802.11a and
802.11b, and later by 802.11g (with the release of
802.11n still pending). At its most basic, Wi-Fi is
the transmission of radio signals. Wireless router
offer the embedded systems engineer many
benefits in a wide range of applications.
Benefits of Wi-Fi
We have enormous flexibility that a wireless
connection brings to an embedded application.
The addition of wire-less provides more choices
for monitoring, control and the dissemination of
information. Practically speak- ing, remote
locations become more accessible and costs drop.
The following list summarizes some of the
benefits of a Wi-Fi network.
• Wireless Ethernet. Wi-Fi is an Ethernet
replacement. Wi-Fi and Ethernet, both IEEE 802
networks, share some core elements.
• Extended Access. The absence of wires and
cables extends access to places where wires and
cables cannot go or where it is too expensive for
them to go.
• Cost Reduction
As mentioned above, the absence of wires and
cables brings down cost. This is accomplished by
a combination of factors, the relatively low cost of
wireless routers, no need for trenching, drilling
and other methods that may be necessary to make
physical connections.
• Mobility. Wires tie you down to one location.
Going wireless means you have the freedom to
change your location without losing your
connection.
• Flexibility. Extended access, cost reductions,
and mobility create opportunities for new
applications as well as the possibility of creative
new solutions for legacy applications
Wi-Fi Embedded System Applications:
The reach of wireless communication in
embedded systems continues to grow. Forrester
Research, a company that focuses on the business
implications of technology change, has reported
that in a few short years, up to 95% of devices
used to access the Internet will be non-PC devices
that use an embedded system. There are many
applications for embedded devices with a Wi-Fi
interface:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 3 / MAY 2016
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• Industrial process and control applications where
wired connections are too costly or inconvenient,
e.g., continuously moving machinery.
• Emergency applications that require immediate
and transitory setup, such as battlefield or disaster
situations.
• Mobile applications, such as asset tracking.
• Surveillance cameras (maybe you don’t want
them easily noticed, cables are difficult to hide).
• Vertical markets like medical, education, and
manufacturing.
• Communication with other Wi-Fi devices, like a
laptop or a PDA.
Fig.3.wifi module
VSD03 is the new third-generation
embedded Uart-Wifi modules studied by VSD
TECH. Uart-Wif is an embedded module based
on the Uart serial,according with the WiFi
wireless WLAN standards, It accords with
IEEE802.11 protocol stack and TCP / IP protocol
stack,and it enables the data conversion between
the user serial and the wireless network module.
through the Uart-Wifi module, the traditional
serial devices can easily access to the wireless
network. VSD03 does a comprehensive hardware
and software upgrades based on the products of
the first two generations,now it’s more functional
and more Convenient to use,its main features
include:
Interface:
2*4 pins of Interface: HDR254M-2X4
The range of baud rate: 1200~115200bps
RTS / CTS Hardware flow control
single 3.3V power supply
Application
intelligent bus network, such as wireless
credit card machine
small financial payment network, such as
wireless POS machine
industrial equipment networking, such as
wireless sensor
RFID System
In a typical RFID system tags are attached to
objects. Each tag has a certain amount of internal
memory (EEPROM) in which it stores
information about the object, such as its unique
ID (serial) number, or in some cases more details
including manufacture date and product
composition. When these tags pass through a field
generated by a reader, they transmit this
information back to the reader, thereby identifying
the object.
Until recently the focus of RFID technology
was mainly on tags and readers which were being
used in systems where relatively low volumes of
data are involved. This is now changing as RFID
in the supply chain is expected to generate huge
volumes of data, which will have to be filtered
and routed to the backend IT systems. To solve
this problem companies have developed special
software packages called savants, which act as
buffers between the RFID front end and the IT
backend. Savants are the equivalent to
middleware in the IT industry.
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COMMUNICATION: The Communication
process between the Reader and Tag is managed
and controlled by one of several protocols, such as
the ISO 15693 and ISO 18000-3 for HF or the
ISO 18000-6, and EPC for UHF. Basically what
happens is that when the reader is switched on, it
starts emitting a signal at the selected frequency
band (typically 860 - 915MHz for UHF or
13.56MHz for HF). Any corresponding tag in the
vicinity of the reader will detect the signal and use
the energy from it to wake up and supply
operating power to its internal circuits. The tags
must use the power they receive to operate their
integrated circuits and return a signal with their
ID to the reader. Once the Tag has decoded the
signal as valid, it replies to the reader, and
indicates its presence by modulating (affecting)
the reader field. TAGS: The Transponder
(Electronic Transmitter/Responder) contains a
silicon microchip, smaller than a grain of rice, and
a small antenna.
Fig.4.Tag with an antenna
ANTENNA: The Antenna is a device that either
reads data from tags or, in some cases, writes data
to tags using radio Frequency waves. Antenna's
come in all shapes and sizes depending on the
environment or the required range. Antennas can
be mounted on the floor, to sides of conveyors, on
lift trucks, or on building structures. Antennas
come in all sorts of sizes and shapes. The size of
the antenna determines the range of the
application. Large antennas used with Active Tags
can have a range of 100 feet or more. Large
antennas used with Passive Tags generally have a
range of 10 feet of less. There are dock door
antennas (sometimes called Portals) that allow a
forklift driver to drive between two antennas.
Information can be collected from the tags
without the forklift driver having to stop. There
are antennas that mount between rollers on
conveyors for reading/writing from below. While
other antennas are available that mount to the side
of or above the conveyors. Handheld
Reader/Writers are available as well.
RFID FREQUENCIES: Tags and Antennas are
tuned or matched much the same way as a radio is
tuned to a frequency to receive different channels.
These frequencies are grouped into Four basic
ranges: Low Frequency, High Frequency, Very
High Frequency and Ultra-High Frequencies. The
communication frequencies used depends to a
large extent on the application, and range from
125 KHz to 2.45 GHz.
Each frequency range has its advantages
and disadvantages. Europe uses 868 MHz for its
UHF applications while the US uses 915 MHz for
its UHF applications. Japan does not allow the use
of the UHF frequency for RFID applications. Low
Frequency tags (LF) are less costly to
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 3 / MAY 2016
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manufacturer than Ultra High Frequency (UHF)
tags. UHF tags offer better read/write range and
can transfer data faster than other tags. HF tags
work best at close range but are more effective at
penetrating non-metal objects especially objects
with high water content.
USES of RFID: For many years RFID
technology has been used for tracking livestock
on farms. Tags are installed either on or under the
skin of animals. These tags store information
about the animal such as its identification number,
its medical history, and its weight and age. Being
able to identify the needs of an animal during
feeding and medical attention without having to
look up the animals history in printed logs saves
the farm considerable time and money. Some
airports currently use RFID technology to track
and sort baggage in the terminal. This allows for a
completely automated baggage handling facility.
Currently the applications of RFID include
material handling, logistics, warehousing,
manufacturing, personal identification and many
more applications. Simply put, applications are
limited only by your imagination.
Temperature Sensor - The LM35
The LM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that can
be used to measure temperature with an electrical
output proportional to the temperature (in oC)
The LM35 - An Integrated Circuit Temperature
Sensor
You can measure temperature more
accurately than a using a thermistor.
The sensor circuitry is sealed and not
subject to oxidation, etc.
The LM35 generates a higher output
voltage than thermocouples and may not
require that the output voltage be
amplified.
Fig.5. Temperature sensor
Working of LM35:
1. It has an output voltage that is
proportional to the Celsius temperature.
2. The scale factor is .01V/oC
3. The LM35 does not require any external
calibration or trimming and maintains an
accuracy of +/-0.4 oC at room
temperature and +/- 0.8 oC over a range
of 0 oC to +100 oC.
4. Another important characteristic of the
LM35DZ is that it draws only 60 micro
amps from its supply and possesses a low
self-heating capability. The sensor self-
heating causes less than 0.1 oC
temperature rise in still air.
The LM35 comes in many different packages,
including the following.
TO-92 plastic transistor-like package,
T0-46 metal can transistor-like package
8-lead surface mount SO-8 small
outline package
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 3 / MAY 2016
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TO-202 package. (Shown in the picture
above)
ECG:
Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the
process of recording the electrical activity of the
heart over a period of time using electrodes placed
on the skin. These electrodes detect the tiny
electrical changes on the skin that arise from the
heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.
It is a very commonly performed cardiology test.
In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are
placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of
the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's
electrical potential is then measured from twelve
different angles ("leads") and is recorded over a
period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way,
the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's
electrical depolarization is captured at each
moment throughout the cardiac cycle.[1] The graph
of voltage versus time produced by this
noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an
electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).
Fig.6.Ecg graph
Fig.7.ecg electrodes
VI. Conclusion
This paper presents the embedded intensive care
unit using microcontroller. The project is
monitoring the patient’s body temperature and the
status of drip administered and makes data
logging (on PC) and reporting/alerting (using cell
phone).The availability of in-built A/D converter
inPIC16F877A has been very useful in the easy
implementation of the digital temperature
measurement. The chip used in this project
(PIC16F877A) contains 8 analog channels, of
which we have used only one for temperature
measurement. In the actual scenario in a hospital ,
there are many other vital parameters to be
monitored in a patient like heartbeat, pulse rate,
breathing and ventilator activity etc. this project
can further be enhanced or improved by adding
facilities to monitor the above mentioned
parameters too. In that case the additional analog
input channels will be of great use.
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IJPRES
VII. REFERENCES
[1] Cyber-Physical Medical and Medication
Systems by Albert M. K. Cheng, 2008.
[2] Wireless Transfusion Supervision and
Analysis Using Embedded System Nivedita
Daimiwal, DipaliRamdasi, RevathiShriram,
AsmitaWakankar, 2010. International Journal of
Embedded Systems and Applications (IJESA)
Vol.1, No.2, December 2011 63
[3] A low cost model for patient monitoring in
Intensive care unit using a micro web-server by
JoãoBosco da MotaAlver Juarez Bento da Silva
,SuenoniPaladini.
[4] Steve Heath, ‘Embedded system and design’
butterworth-heinemann publications, New Delhi,
first edition, 1997.
[5] Microchip company, ‘EmbeddedSolutions’,
microchip publications, first edition, 1999.
[6] TammyNoergaArdewnes, ‘EmbeddedSystems
Architecture’, first edition 1999.
[7] Paul Sherriff, ‘visual basic 6’, prenticehall
publication, New Delhi, first edition1999.
[8] Arnold Berger,’ Embedded System Design’,
first edition 1997.
[9]http://www.microchip.com[pic icrocontroller]
[10] http://www.gnokii.org [mobile interface]
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