INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 3 / MAY 2016

IJPRES

DEVELOPING ANDROID APPLICATION ON ARM7 FOR HEALTH CARE

MONITORING USING WIRELESS DEVICES M. SOUMYA 1, B. PAVITRA 2

1M.Tech Student, Dept of ECE, Anurag Group of institutions (formerly CVSR College of Engineering)

(autonomous), Venkatapur village, Ghatkesar mandal, rangareddy, Telnagana, India

2Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, Anurag Group of institutions (formerly CVSR College of Engineering)

(autonomous), Venkatapur village, Ghatkesar mandal, rangareddy, Telnagana, India

Abstract: This paper describes the design of a

simple, low-cost controller based wireless Multi-

patient health monitoring system using WIFI,

RFID,GSM with wireless automatic doctor

alerting through SMS. For the medical

professionals it becomes important to

continuously monitor the conditions of a patient.

In a large setup like a hospital or clinical center

where a single doctor attends many patients, it

becomes difficult to keep informed about the

critical conditions developed in each of the

patients. This project provides a device which will

continuously monitor the vital parameters to be

monitored for a patient and do data logging

continuously. If any critical situation arises in a

patient, this unit also raises an alarm and also

communicates to the concerned doctor by means

of an SMS to the doctor.

Keywords: Microcontroller, GSM Modem, RFID

Reader, WIFI Module Temperature sensor, Pulse

sensor.

I. Introduction:

In the field of health monitoring the current most

important user groups are those aged 40 and more.

The group of 40+ users shows more diversity in

their health conditions than younger people.

Hence the entire project can be broadly divided

into four sections firstly, the parameters measured

from the patient & transmitted, secondly the

signal processing and conversion to digital form;

thirdly decision making with the help of an

algorithm where they obtained signal values are

compared with the standard values and finally the

transmission of the condition of the patient to the

doctor. Hence the entire project can be broadly

divided into four sections firstly, the parameters

measured from the patient & transmitted,

secondly the signal processing and conversion to

digital form; thirdly decision making with the help

of an algorithm where they obtained signal values

are compared with the standard values and finally

the transmission of the condition of the patient to

the doctor.

II. Existing system

Currently there are number of health monitoring

systems available for the ICU patients which can

be used only when the patient is on bed. This

system is wired everywhere. The patient is

monitored in ICU and the data transferred to the

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PC is wired. Such systems become difficult where

the distance between System and PC is more. The

available systems are huge in size. Regular

monitoring of patient is not possible once he/she

is discharged from hospitals. These systems

cannot be used at individual level. The other

problem with these systems is that it is not

capable of transmitting data continuously also

range limitations of different wireless

technologies used in the systems. So to overcome

these limitations of systems we have proposed a

new real time health monitoring system of patient

based on WIFI, GSM, and SMS is designed and

developed in this project.

III. Proposed hardware system

Microcontroller: The LPC2148 are based on a

16/32 bit ARM7TDMI-S™ CPU with real-time

emulation and embedded trace support, together

with 128/512 kilobytes of embedded high speed

flash memory. A 128-bit wide memory interface

and unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit

code execution at maximum clock rate.

RFID Reader: RFID Reader Module, are also

called as interrogators. They convert radio waves

Returned from the RFID tag into a form that can

be passed on to Controllers, which can Make use

of it. RFID tags and readers have to be tuned to

the same frequency in order to communicate.

PC Section: This section basically contains a PC

with Serial communication associated hardware.

Apart from this, the web cam is also connected to

the PC. The serial communication associated

hardware circuitry includes the bus (DB 9)

connector from PC to Microcontroller.

WIFI module: This module helps the data to get

placed in the internet and get transferred to the

other authenticated users through a wireless

network. Here we use WIFI module named as

VSD03.

ECG Sensor Section: This section basically

contains the ECG electrodes which are placed on

the body of the person. These signals are given to

the controller as inputs and are manipulated by the

microcontroller to be displayed on the PC using

MATLAB.

GSM Modem: GSM/GPRS RS232 Modem from

rhydo LABZ is built with sim com Make SIM900

Quad-band GSM/GPRS engine, works on

frequencies 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and

1900 MHz It is very compact in size and easy to

use as plug in GSM Modem.

Temperature sensor LM35: LM35 series are

precision integration-circuit temperature sensors

whose output voltage is linearly proportional to

the Celsius temperature. The LM35 does not

require any external calibration or trimming to

provide typical accuracies. This is 3 legs IC that

directly gives analog output. This unit requires

+5VDC for it proper operation.

Buzzer Section: This section consists of a

Buzzer. The buzzer is used to alert / indicate the

completion of process. It is sometimes used to

indicate the start of the embedded system by

alerting during start-up.

IV. Design of proposed hardware

system

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Fig.1.Block diagram

This project describes the design of a simple, low-

cost controller based wireless Multi-patient health

monitoring system using WIFI, RFID,GSM with

wireless automatic doctor alerting through SMS.

For the medical professionals it becomes

important to continuously monitor the conditions

of a patient. In a large setup like a hospital or

clinical center where a single doctor attends many

patients, it becomes difficult to keep informed

about the critical conditions developed in each of

the patients. This project provides a device which

will continuously monitor the vital parameters to

be monitored for a patient and do data logging

continuously. If any critical situation arises in a

patient, this unit also raises an alarm and also

communicates to the concerned doctor by means

of an SMS to the doctor. In this project, we are

sensing the pulse rate of wrist and temperature

sensor. If the pulse/temperature is above/below

the normal rate, then the pulse rate/temperature

sends the SMS through the GSM modem &

simultaneously it sends to the PC at the receiver

through the WIFI and gives the alarm. If you

want the pulse rate/temperature at any time of the

person then sends the message to the GSM

modem then GSM modem will transmit the pulse

rate /temperature as a message to the person.

Here we are using different sensors to

monitor the health conditions of two patients even

though they are at remote place. And this

information will be wireless carried to doctor in

PC by using an advanced WIFI communication

device at both ends. Heart rate of the subject is

measured from the thumb finger using IRD (Infra

Red Device sensors and the rate is then averaged

and displayed on a text based LCD), various

temperature ratings of patient and display it

wirelessly at receiver (PC) end with audio alerting

indication. Here we are providing a panic switch

to each patient to indicate any adverse conditions

to doctor. Once the patient is going to discharge

from hospital the patient is provided with RFID

based card to have the patient details to be stored

in .This reduces the problem to user instead of

carrying report while leaving from hospital.

V. Board Hardware Resources

Features

GSM Module

GSM (Global System for Mobile communication)

is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely

used in many parts of the world. The mobile

communications has become one of the driving

forces of the digital revolution. Every day,

millions of people are making phone calls by

pressing a few buttons. Little is known about how

one person's voice reaches the other person's

phone that is thousands of miles away. Even less

is known about the security measures and

protection behind the system. The complexity of

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the cell phone is increasing as people begin

sending text messages and digital pictures to their

friends and family. The cell phone is slowly

turning into a handheld computer. All the features

and advancements in cell phone technology

require a backbone to support it. The system has

to provide security and the capability for growth

to accommodate future enhancements. General

System for Mobile Communications, GSM, is one

of the many solutions out there. GSM has been

dubbed the "Wireless Revolution" and it doesn't

take much to realize why GSM provides a secure

and confidential method of communication.

GSM (Global System for Mobile communication)

is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely

used in many parts of the world. GSM uses a

variation of Time Division Multiple Access

(TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three

digital wireless telephone technologies (TDMA,

GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and

compresses data, then sends it down a channel

with two other streams of user data, each in its

own time slot. GSM operates in the 900MHz,

1800MHz, or 1900 MHz frequency bands. GSM

has been the backbone of the phenomenal success

in mobile telecoms over the last decade. Now, at

the dawn of the era of true broadband services,

GSM continues to evolve to meet new demands.

One of GSM's great strengths is its international

roaming capability, giving consumers a seamless

service. This has been a vital driver in growth,

with around 300 million. In the Americas, today's

7 million subscribers are set to grow rapidly, with

market potential of 500 million in population, due

to the introduction of GSM 800, which allows

operators using the 800 MHz band to have access

to GSM technology too.

GSM together with other technologies is part of

an evolution of wireless mobile

telecommunication that includes High-Speed

Circuit-Switched Data (HCSD), General Packet

Radio System (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM

Environment (EDGE), and Universal Mobile

Telecommunications Service (UMTS). GSM

security issues such as theft of service, privacy,

and legal interception continue to raise significant

interest in the GSM community.

The purpose of this portal is to raise awareness of

these issues with GSM security. The mobile

communications has become one of the driving

forces of the digital revolution. Every day,

millions of people are making phone calls by

pressing a few buttons. Little is known about how

one person's voice reaches the other person's

phone that is thousands of miles away. Even less

is known about the security measures and

protection behind the system.

The complexity of the cell phone is increasing as

people begin sending text messages and digital

pictures to their friends and family. The cell

phone is slowly turning into a handheld computer.

All the features and advancements in cell phone

technology require a backbone to support it. The

system has to provide security and the capability

for growth to accommodate future enhancements.

General System for Mobile Communications,

GSM, is one of the many solutions out there.

GSM has been dubbed the "Wireless Revolution"

and it doesn't take much to realize why GSM

provides a secure and confidential method of

communication.

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Fig.2. General Architecture of a GSM network

WIFI

The components, organization, and operation of

Wi-Fi networks will be presented. There is an

emphasis on security issues and the available

security protocols. Wi-Fi is the name given by

the Wi-Fi Alliance to the IEEE 802.11 suite of

standards. 802.11 defined the initial standard for

wireless local area networks (WLANs), but it was

considered too slow for some applications and so

was superseded by the extensions 802.11a and

802.11b, and later by 802.11g (with the release of

802.11n still pending). At its most basic, Wi-Fi is

the transmission of radio signals. Wireless router

offer the embedded systems engineer many

benefits in a wide range of applications.

Benefits of Wi-Fi

We have enormous flexibility that a wireless

connection brings to an embedded application.

The addition of wire-less provides more choices

for monitoring, control and the dissemination of

information. Practically speak- ing, remote

locations become more accessible and costs drop.

The following list summarizes some of the

benefits of a Wi-Fi network.

• Wireless Ethernet. Wi-Fi is an Ethernet

replacement. Wi-Fi and Ethernet, both IEEE 802

networks, share some core elements.

• Extended Access. The absence of wires and

cables extends access to places where wires and

cables cannot go or where it is too expensive for

them to go.

• Cost Reduction

As mentioned above, the absence of wires and

cables brings down cost. This is accomplished by

a combination of factors, the relatively low cost of

wireless routers, no need for trenching, drilling

and other methods that may be necessary to make

physical connections.

• Mobility. Wires tie you down to one location.

Going wireless means you have the freedom to

change your location without losing your

connection.

• Flexibility. Extended access, cost reductions,

and mobility create opportunities for new

applications as well as the possibility of creative

new solutions for legacy applications

Wi-Fi Embedded System Applications:

The reach of wireless communication in

embedded systems continues to grow. Forrester

Research, a company that focuses on the business

implications of technology change, has reported

that in a few short years, up to 95% of devices

used to access the Internet will be non-PC devices

that use an embedded system. There are many

applications for embedded devices with a Wi-Fi

interface:

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• Industrial process and control applications where

wired connections are too costly or inconvenient,

e.g., continuously moving machinery.

• Emergency applications that require immediate

and transitory setup, such as battlefield or disaster

situations.

• Mobile applications, such as asset tracking.

• Surveillance cameras (maybe you don’t want

them easily noticed, cables are difficult to hide).

• Vertical markets like medical, education, and

manufacturing.

• Communication with other Wi-Fi devices, like a

laptop or a PDA.

Fig.3.wifi module

VSD03 is the new third-generation

embedded Uart-Wifi modules studied by VSD

TECH. Uart-Wif is an embedded module based

on the Uart serial,according with the WiFi

wireless WLAN standards, It accords with

IEEE802.11 protocol stack and TCP / IP protocol

stack，and it enables the data conversion between

the user serial and the wireless network module.

through the Uart-Wifi module, the traditional

serial devices can easily access to the wireless

network. VSD03 does a comprehensive hardware

and software upgrades based on the products of

the first two generations,now it’s more functional

and more Convenient to use,its main features

include:

Interface:

2*4 pins of Interface: HDR254M-2X4

The range of baud rate: 1200~115200bps

RTS / CTS Hardware flow control

single 3.3V power supply

Application

intelligent bus network, such as wireless

credit card machine

small financial payment network, such as

wireless POS machine

industrial equipment networking, such as

wireless sensor

RFID System

In a typical RFID system tags are attached to

objects. Each tag has a certain amount of internal

memory (EEPROM) in which it stores

information about the object, such as its unique

ID (serial) number, or in some cases more details

including manufacture date and product

composition. When these tags pass through a field

generated by a reader, they transmit this

information back to the reader, thereby identifying

the object.

Until recently the focus of RFID technology

was mainly on tags and readers which were being

used in systems where relatively low volumes of

data are involved. This is now changing as RFID

in the supply chain is expected to generate huge

volumes of data, which will have to be filtered

and routed to the backend IT systems. To solve

this problem companies have developed special

software packages called savants, which act as

buffers between the RFID front end and the IT

backend. Savants are the equivalent to

middleware in the IT industry.

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COMMUNICATION: The Communication

process between the Reader and Tag is managed

and controlled by one of several protocols, such as

the ISO 15693 and ISO 18000-3 for HF or the

ISO 18000-6, and EPC for UHF. Basically what

happens is that when the reader is switched on, it

starts emitting a signal at the selected frequency

band (typically 860 - 915MHz for UHF or

13.56MHz for HF). Any corresponding tag in the

vicinity of the reader will detect the signal and use

the energy from it to wake up and supply

operating power to its internal circuits. The tags

must use the power they receive to operate their

integrated circuits and return a signal with their

ID to the reader. Once the Tag has decoded the

signal as valid, it replies to the reader, and

indicates its presence by modulating (affecting)

the reader field. TAGS: The Transponder

(Electronic Transmitter/Responder) contains a

silicon microchip, smaller than a grain of rice, and

a small antenna.

Fig.4.Tag with an antenna

ANTENNA: The Antenna is a device that either

reads data from tags or, in some cases, writes data

to tags using radio Frequency waves. Antenna's

come in all shapes and sizes depending on the

environment or the required range. Antennas can

be mounted on the floor, to sides of conveyors, on

lift trucks, or on building structures. Antennas

come in all sorts of sizes and shapes. The size of

the antenna determines the range of the

application. Large antennas used with Active Tags

can have a range of 100 feet or more. Large

antennas used with Passive Tags generally have a

range of 10 feet of less. There are dock door

antennas (sometimes called Portals) that allow a

forklift driver to drive between two antennas.

Information can be collected from the tags

without the forklift driver having to stop. There

are antennas that mount between rollers on

conveyors for reading/writing from below. While

other antennas are available that mount to the side

of or above the conveyors. Handheld

Reader/Writers are available as well.

RFID FREQUENCIES: Tags and Antennas are

tuned or matched much the same way as a radio is

tuned to a frequency to receive different channels.

These frequencies are grouped into Four basic

ranges: Low Frequency, High Frequency, Very

High Frequency and Ultra-High Frequencies. The

communication frequencies used depends to a

large extent on the application, and range from

125 KHz to 2.45 GHz.

Each frequency range has its advantages

and disadvantages. Europe uses 868 MHz for its

UHF applications while the US uses 915 MHz for

its UHF applications. Japan does not allow the use

of the UHF frequency for RFID applications. Low

Frequency tags (LF) are less costly to

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manufacturer than Ultra High Frequency (UHF)

tags. UHF tags offer better read/write range and

can transfer data faster than other tags. HF tags

work best at close range but are more effective at

penetrating non-metal objects especially objects

with high water content.

USES of RFID: For many years RFID

technology has been used for tracking livestock

on farms. Tags are installed either on or under the

skin of animals. These tags store information

about the animal such as its identification number,

its medical history, and its weight and age. Being

able to identify the needs of an animal during

feeding and medical attention without having to

look up the animals history in printed logs saves

the farm considerable time and money. Some

airports currently use RFID technology to track

and sort baggage in the terminal. This allows for a

completely automated baggage handling facility.

Currently the applications of RFID include

material handling, logistics, warehousing,

manufacturing, personal identification and many

more applications. Simply put, applications are

limited only by your imagination.

Temperature Sensor - The LM35

The LM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that can

be used to measure temperature with an electrical

output proportional to the temperature (in oC)

The LM35 - An Integrated Circuit Temperature

Sensor

You can measure temperature more

accurately than a using a thermistor.

The sensor circuitry is sealed and not

subject to oxidation, etc.

The LM35 generates a higher output

voltage than thermocouples and may not

require that the output voltage be

amplified.

Fig.5. Temperature sensor

Working of LM35:

1. It has an output voltage that is

proportional to the Celsius temperature.

2. The scale factor is .01V/oC

3. The LM35 does not require any external

calibration or trimming and maintains an

accuracy of +/-0.4 oC at room

temperature and +/- 0.8 oC over a range

of 0 oC to +100 oC.

4. Another important characteristic of the

LM35DZ is that it draws only 60 micro

amps from its supply and possesses a low

self-heating capability. The sensor self-

heating causes less than 0.1 oC

temperature rise in still air.

The LM35 comes in many different packages,

including the following.

TO-92 plastic transistor-like package,

T0-46 metal can transistor-like package

8-lead surface mount SO-8 small

outline package

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TO-202 package. (Shown in the picture

above)

ECG:

Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the

process of recording the electrical activity of the

heart over a period of time using electrodes placed

on the skin. These electrodes detect the tiny

electrical changes on the skin that arise from the

heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.

It is a very commonly performed cardiology test.

In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are

placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of

the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's

electrical potential is then measured from twelve

different angles ("leads") and is recorded over a

period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way,

the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's

electrical depolarization is captured at each

moment throughout the cardiac cycle.[1] The graph

of voltage versus time produced by this

noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an

electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).

Fig.6.Ecg graph

Fig.7.ecg electrodes

VI. Conclusion

This paper presents the embedded intensive care

unit using microcontroller. The project is

monitoring the patient’s body temperature and the

status of drip administered and makes data

logging (on PC) and reporting/alerting (using cell

phone).The availability of in-built A/D converter

inPIC16F877A has been very useful in the easy

implementation of the digital temperature

measurement. The chip used in this project

(PIC16F877A) contains 8 analog channels, of

which we have used only one for temperature

measurement. In the actual scenario in a hospital ,

there are many other vital parameters to be

monitored in a patient like heartbeat, pulse rate,

breathing and ventilator activity etc. this project

can further be enhanced or improved by adding

facilities to monitor the above mentioned

parameters too. In that case the additional analog

input channels will be of great use.

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VII. REFERENCES

[1] Cyber-Physical Medical and Medication

Systems by Albert M. K. Cheng, 2008.

[2] Wireless Transfusion Supervision and

Analysis Using Embedded System Nivedita

Daimiwal, DipaliRamdasi, RevathiShriram,

AsmitaWakankar, 2010. International Journal of

Embedded Systems and Applications (IJESA)

Vol.1, No.2, December 2011 63

[3] A low cost model for patient monitoring in

Intensive care unit using a micro web-server by

JoãoBosco da MotaAlver Juarez Bento da Silva

,SuenoniPaladini.

[4] Steve Heath, ‘Embedded system and design’

butterworth-heinemann publications, New Delhi,

first edition, 1997.

[5] Microchip company, ‘EmbeddedSolutions’,

microchip publications, first edition, 1999.

[6] TammyNoergaArdewnes, ‘EmbeddedSystems

Architecture’, first edition 1999.

[7] Paul Sherriff, ‘visual basic 6’, prenticehall

publication, New Delhi, first edition1999.

[8] Arnold Berger,’ Embedded System Design’,

first edition 1997.

[9]http://www.microchip.com[pic icrocontroller]

[10] http://www.gnokii.org [mobile interface]