7/28/2019 D R U G S T U D Y Ampicillin
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D R U G S T U D Y
DRUG CLASSIFICA
TION
THERAPEUTIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
& CAUTION
ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
ampicillin
(am pi sill' in)
ampicillinsodium
Drug classes
AntibioticPenicillin
Dosages
Maximumrecommended
dosage: 8mg/day; may be
given IV, IM, orPO. Use
parenteral routes
for severeinfections, and
switch to oralroute as soon as
possible.
ADULTS ANDPEDIATRIC
PATIENTS
Respiratoryand soft-tissue
infections:> 40 kg: 250
500 mg IV or IM
Antibiotic
PenicillinBactericidal action
against sensitive
organisms; inhibitssynthesis of bacterial
cell wall, causing cell
death.
Treatment of infections
caused by susceptiblestrains of Shigella,
Salmonella, E. coli, H.influenzae, P. mirabilis,
N. gonorrhoeae,enterococci, gram-
positive organisms(penicillin Gsensitive
staphylococci,streptococci,
pneumococci) Meningitis caused by
Neisseria meningitidis Unlabeled use:
Prophylaxis in cesareansection in certain high-
risk patients
Contraindicated
with allergies topenicillins,
cephalosporins, orother allergens.
Use cautiously withrenal disorders.
CNS: Lethargy,
hallucinations,seizures
CV: CHF GI: Glossitis,
stomatitis, gastritis,sore mouth, furry
tongue, black "hairy"tongue, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea,abdominal pain,
bloody diarrhea,enterocolitis,
pseudomembranouscolitis, nonspecific
hepatitis GU: Nephritis
Hematologic:Anemia,
thrombocytopenia,
leukopenia,neutropenia,
prolonged bleedingtime
Hypersensitivity:Rash, fever, wheezing,
anaphylaxis Local: Pain,
phlebitis, thrombosisat injection site(parenteral)
Other:
Culture infected area before
treatment; reculture area if respois not as expected.
Check IV site carefully for sigof thrombosis or drug reaction.
Do not give IM injections in tsame site; atrophy can occur.
Monitor injection sites. Administer oral drug on an em
stomach, 1 hr before or 2 hr aftemeals with a full glass of water;
not give with fruit juice or softdrinks.
7/28/2019 D R U G S T U D Y Ampicillin
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q 6 hr.
< 40 kg: 2550mg/kg/day IM or
IV in equallydivided doses at
68 hr intervals.> 20 kg: 250 mg
PO q 6 hr.< 20 kg: 50
mg/kg/day PO inequally divided
doses q 68 hr. GI and GU
infections,including women
with N.gonorrhoeae:
> 40 kg: 500 mgIM or IV q 6 hr.
< 40 kg: 50100mg/kg/day IM or
IV in equallydivided doses q
68 hr.> 20 kg: 500 mg
PO q 6 hr.< 20 kg: 100
mg/kg/day PO inequally divided
doses q 68 hr.
Gonococcalinfections: 500
mg q 6 hr forpenicillin-
sensitiveorganism or for
patients > 45 kg,single dose of
Superinfectionsoral
and rectal moniliasis,vaginitis
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upper respiratory
procedures: 2 gampicillin IM or
IV within 30minutes of
procedure. STDs in
pregnant womenand patients
allergic totetracycline: 3.5
g ampicillin POwith 1 g
probenecid.
Prophylaxis incesarean section:
Single IV or IMdose of 25100
mg/kgimmediately
after cord isclamped.
PEDIATRICPATIENTS
Preventionof bacterial
endocarditis forGI or GU
surgery orinstrumentation:
50 mg/kgampicillin IM or
IV with 1.5mg/kg
gentamicin IM orIV within 30
minutes ofprocedure. Six
7/28/2019 D R U G S T U D Y Ampicillin
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hours later give
25mg/kgampicillin
IM or IV or 25mg/kg
amoxicillin PO. Prevention
of bacterialendocarditis for
dental, oral, orupper respiratory
procedures: 50mg/kg ampicillin
IM or IV within30 minutes of
procedure.
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