4/4/2015 Ten years on, forest biorefinery a “modest success” | Canadian Biomass
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Ten years on, forest biorefinery a “modest success”March 03, 2015 Written by Shaun. L. Turriff
Lignin displayed for visitors at the grandopening of Domtar’s LignoBoost facility inPlymouth, N.C.March 3, 2015 - Canada’s kraft pulp mills are uniquely suited to be the hub of what’s called the integratedforest biorefinery. Kraft pulp mills convert wood chips to cellulose pulp by chemical processes, and oftenproduce green electricity for sale to the grid. With add-on processes, many of which are still at thedemonstration phase, kraft mills could produce a wide range of bio-based chemicals and fuels.
Opening the International Forest Biorefinery Summit in Montreal in February, Sweden's Peter Axegårdhighlighted the importance of the kraft mill as the heart of the integrated forest biorefinery (IFBR). Axegårdis vice-president and director of the biorefining business area of Innventia, a research institute based inSweden. He noted that kraft mills represent a large amount of infrastructure worldwide, and working withthat existing infrastructure makes more sense than launching greenfield projects.
Further, kraft mills have a major advantage in being able to handle all manner of plant-based feedstocks andin producing major polymers -- lignin, cellulose, and hemi-cellulose -- as part of their regular productionprocess. In particular, he stated that kraft pulping must remain the central focus of the biorefinery, with theproduction of pulp supporting the production of higher-value products
Axegård’s keynote speech also presented new high-value products under development by Innventia,including lignin-based carbon fibres and other lignin products, microfibrillar cellulose (for production ofclear film) and textile fibres made from cellulose, as well as second generation sugar intermediates (ethanol,lactic acid, acetic acid) and bio-diesel or bio-gasoline from lignin.
One of the more sobering moments in Axegård’s presentation, despitehis own declared optimism, came as a reminder of the timelinesassociated with this sort of new product and process development. TheLignoBoost lignin extraction process, his example, was conceived in1996, and commercialized in 2013, some 17 years later. This was atimely reminder -- just five years ago, when this conference first began,many industry experts were claiming that much of the biorefiningtechnology being discussed then was still 10 to 15 years from
4/4/2015 Ten years on, forest biorefinery a “modest success” | Canadian Biomass
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UPM Lappeenranta Biorefinery is the world's first wood-basedrenewable diesel biorefinery.Photo courtesy of UPM.
commercialization.
A presentation by Adriaan van Heiningen, introduced as the father of thebiorefinery concept, catalogued his thoughts on the state of thebiorefinery, 10 years after he first defined it. Like Axegård, vanHeiningen sees the kraft mill as central to the biorefinery. In his talk,van Heiningen noted the few commercial successes in biorefining --Domtar‘s Plymouth, N.C., mill, and Stora Enso’s Sunila mill in Finland,both using Valmet’s LignoBoost technology to produce lignin, WestFraser’s Hinton, Alta., mill using FPInnovation’s Lignoforce technologyto produce lignin, and UPM’s Lappeenranta biorefinery, producingBioVerno, a bio-diesel from tall oil.
Among those processes that failed to launch, such as the idea of pre-extraction of hemi-cellulose or black liquor gasification, view of expertsat the International Forest Biorefinery Summit was often that the failedprocess had a strong negative impact on the mill’s production of pulp, orvery poor economics. For van Heiningen, the future of the kraft pulp
IFBR lies in the improvement of the pulping process, with gains in either production and/or quality, to coverthe cost of feedstock and energy increases for the new product streams. Sticking close to conventionalwisdom, van Heiningen focuses on hemi-cellulose, lignin, and sugars, all with further downstream potential,as the value-added products of an IFBR. Overall, van Heiningen categorizes the IFBR as a modest success,and sees growth of the concept in the future, especially as greenhouse gas emissions continues to be aworldwide concern and continues to function as a policy driver.
Biomass supply chain needs better integrationEvelyn Thiffault of Laval University discussed issues surrounding policy and greenhouse gas emissions inher talk on biomass supply chains and bioenergy. Thiffault highlighted Canada and Australia’s success indeveloping niche bio-projects even in the absence of strong policy support, a sentiment echoed by otherpresenters at the Summit.
Thiffault says that the mobilization of more biomass needs better integration, where even the harvester knowswhat is being harvested for which purpose and where to send it. Further, conversion techniques need to beimproved to better handle feedstock variation. Liquid fuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol, for Thiffault,offer the lowest substitution cost, and for now are a solid option.
Luckily, says Thiffault, employment and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the major indicators of economicimpact, benefit from bioenergy projects, although other socioeconomic indicators are mixed. Worker safetyand land use change are often cited as negative impacts of increased biomass mobilization. Procuring forestbiomass is an integral part of silvicultural practices within a forest management strategy and does not have tohave a negative effect on the ecosystem, she counters. A lack of information among the general public in thisarea is a significant barrier, and Thiffault encouraged all attendees to ensure that the relevant information beclearly communicated.
These themes of integration in harvesting, public support and replacement cost all had echoes in otherpresentations during the Summit.
4/4/2015 Ten years on, forest biorefinery a “modest success” | Canadian Biomass
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Peter Axegard’s interpretation of the potential by-products of a kraft pulp mill. Image courtesy ofInternational Forest Biorefinery Summit.
Jean-Philippe Jacques, representing the InnoFibre research centre, suggested that significant cost could besaved in biomass treatment and transport by using regional biomass conditioning platforms, a combination ofmobile grinder and screen. These have the benefit of mobility, control of particle size, removal ofcontaminants and fines, and a reduction of conditioning and transportation cost. This sort of technology,integrated into current practice, or the mobile pyrolysis units suggested at last year’s event by Jean Paris,could result in the sort of novel harvesting techniques needed to improve both biomass mobilization and theuse of dead trees in the industry.
Closing the Summit, a panel of industry experts from pulp and paper companies, end users, governments andassociations discussed means of producing, and then selling, high-value products from an IFBR. Highlightsof the panel included Tom Browne, FPInnovations, suggesting that the primary focus of the biorefinery mustbe chemicals, marketed directly to the end user, with energy or fuel as a secondary product of thoseprocesses. While acknowledging the importance of drop-in biofuels based on the immensity of existinginfrastructure, he suggested that bio-fuel would always suffer against fossil fuel in value. Martin Fairbanks,Resolute, highlighted the industry’s depth of knowledge in forestry and forest products while lamenting thepublic’s misunderstanding of the industry’s green credentials. Common issues raised included the need forconsistency in the end product to compete with current products (largely from the petrochemical stream), theneed for a clear, consistent, long term policy environment to mitigate investor risk, and the overall lack ofmature technologies.The International Forest Biorefinery Summit was organized by Polytechnique Montreal, held from Feb. 2-3,2015, in conjunction with PaperWeek Canada, the annual gathering of Canada’s pulp and paper industry.
4/4/2015 Ten years on, forest biorefinery a “modest success” | Canadian Biomass
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DAILY NEWS Feb 5, 2014 1:29 PM - 0 comments
PaperWeek: Biorefinery Symposium underlines needfor policy support
By: Shaun Leslie Turriff2014-02-05
The International Forest Biorefinery Symposium, under the umbrella of PaperWeek Canada in Montreal, launchedwith a keynote presentation by Gerd Unkelbach, of the Fraunhofer Center for Chemical-BiotechnologicalProcesseses CBP in Germany. Unkelbach focused on the role of the Fraunhofer center on pushing biorefiningprocesses past the pilot and development phase into industrial scale production (crossing through the so called“valley of death”) by offering a modular demonstration scale plant, funded by public and private investment, for useby interested parties. Located in the old Chemical Triangle south of Berlin, Fraunhofer is now a corner of a newbioeconomy triangle, focused on Germany’s abundance of beechwood. Fully modular, Fraunhofer offers researchersaccess to fermentation plants, lignocellulosic fractioning equipment, olefins production, downstream processing andenzyme digestion. No similar plant or project exists in Canada.
The symposium, held on Feb. 3-4, also heard from Maria Wellisch of Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, highlightingCanada’s involvement with the International Energy Agency (IEA), in particular task 42, which focuses on thedevelopment of biorefineries as part of a global bioeconomy. She focused on the importance of sustainability, andthe goal of making sustainable practices standard in the industry.
Warren Mabee, Queen’s University, offered a quick overview of the state of biofuels worldwide, with an emphasison the domestic situation. Mabee’s main points highlighted the crucial need for policy support in this sector of thebioeconomy: lower future demand, competition with traditional products and energy, and cheaper global alternativeall point to the role of strong policy in supporting biofuels in Canada. Mabee noted that Canada has few suchpolicies at the moment, and that in addition to biofuels, other higher value bioproducts would benefit from policychanges to drive them forward. Straight-forward economics simply do not support a Canadian biofuels industry atthis time.
The dearth and unevenness of Canadian policy and political attitude towards a sustainable, robust bioeconomy hasbeen an important topic of discussion in the forest product industry for some time. Examples like Germany’sFraunhofer show that political will, coupled with private industry, can produce substantial results.
The PaperWeek Canada event, organized by PAPTAC, runs from Feb. 3-6 in Montreal.
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