D ´P RGHVW VXFFHVVµ & DQDGLDQ % LRP DVV Ten years on ... · One of the more sobering moments in...

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Ten years on, forest biorefinery a “modest success” March 03, 2015 Written by Shaun. L. Turriff Lignin displayed for visitors at the grand opening of Domtar’s LignoBoost facility in Plymouth, N.C. March 3, 2015 Canada’s kraft pulp mills are uniquely suited to be the hub of what’s called the integrated forest biorefinery. Kraft pulp mills convert wood chips to cellulose pulp by chemical processes, and often produce green electricity for sale to the grid. With addon processes, many of which are still at the demonstration phase, kraft mills could produce a wide range of biobased chemicals and fuels. Opening the International Forest Biorefinery Summit in Montreal in February, Sweden's Peter Axegård highlighted the importance of the kraft mill as the heart of the integrated forest biorefinery (IFBR). Axegård is vicepresident and director of the biorefining business area of Innventia, a research institute based in Sweden. He noted that kraft mills represent a large amount of infrastructure worldwide, and working with that existing infrastructure makes more sense than launching greenfield projects. Further, kraft mills have a major advantage in being able to handle all manner of plantbased feedstocks and in producing major polymers lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose as part of their regular production process. In particular, he stated that kraft pulping must remain the central focus of the biorefinery, with the production of pulp supporting the production of highervalue products Axegård’s keynote speech also presented new highvalue products under development by Innventia, including ligninbased carbon fibres and other lignin products, microfibrillar cellulose (for production of clear film) and textile fibres made from cellulose, as well as second generation sugar intermediates (ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid) and biodiesel or biogasoline from lignin. One of the more sobering moments in Axegård’s presentation, despite his own declared optimism, came as a reminder of the timelines associated with this sort of new product and process development. The LignoBoost lignin extraction process, his example, was conceived in 1996, and commercialized in 2013, some 17 years later. This was a timely reminder just five years ago, when this conference first began, many industry experts were claiming that much of the biorefining technology being discussed then was still 10 to 15 years from

Transcript of D ´P RGHVW VXFFHVVµ & DQDGLDQ % LRP DVV Ten years on ... · One of the more sobering moments in...

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Ten  years  on,  forest  biorefinery  a  “modest  success”March  03,  2015  Written  by  Shaun.  L.  Turriff

Lignin  displayed  for  visitors  at  the  grandopening  of  Domtar’s  LignoBoost  facility  inPlymouth,  N.C.March  3,  2015  -  Canada’s  kraft  pulp  mills  are  uniquely  suited  to  be  the  hub  of  what’s  called  the  integratedforest  biorefinery.  Kraft  pulp  mills  convert  wood  chips  to  cellulose  pulp  by  chemical  processes,  and  oftenproduce  green  electricity  for  sale  to  the  grid.  With  add-on  processes,  many  of  which  are  still  at  thedemonstration  phase,  kraft  mills  could  produce  a  wide  range  of  bio-based  chemicals  and  fuels.

 

Opening  the  International  Forest  Biorefinery  Summit  in  Montreal  in  February,  Sweden's  Peter  Axegårdhighlighted  the  importance  of  the  kraft  mill  as  the  heart  of  the  integrated  forest  biorefinery  (IFBR).    Axegårdis  vice-president  and  director  of  the  biorefining  business  area  of  Innventia,  a  research  institute  based  inSweden.  He  noted  that  kraft  mills  represent  a  large  amount  of  infrastructure  worldwide,  and  working  withthat  existing  infrastructure  makes  more  sense  than  launching  greenfield  projects.

Further,  kraft  mills  have  a  major  advantage  in  being  able  to  handle  all  manner  of  plant-based  feedstocks  andin  producing  major  polymers  --  lignin,  cellulose,  and  hemi-cellulose  --  as  part  of  their  regular  productionprocess.  In  particular,  he  stated  that  kraft  pulping  must  remain  the  central  focus  of  the  biorefinery,  with  theproduction  of  pulp  supporting  the  production  of  higher-value  products

Axegård’s  keynote  speech  also  presented  new  high-value  products  under  development  by  Innventia,including  lignin-based  carbon  fibres  and  other  lignin  products,  microfibrillar  cellulose  (for  production  ofclear  film)  and  textile  fibres  made  from  cellulose,  as  well  as  second  generation  sugar  intermediates  (ethanol,lactic  acid,  acetic  acid)  and  bio-diesel  or  bio-gasoline  from  lignin.

One  of  the  more  sobering  moments  in  Axegård’s  presentation,  despitehis  own  declared  optimism,  came  as  a  reminder  of  the  timelinesassociated  with  this  sort  of  new  product  and  process  development.  TheLignoBoost  lignin  extraction  process,  his  example,  was  conceived  in1996,  and  commercialized  in  2013,  some  17  years  later.  This  was  atimely  reminder  --  just  five  years  ago,  when  this  conference  first  began,many  industry  experts  were  claiming  that  much  of  the  biorefiningtechnology  being  discussed  then  was  still  10  to  15  years  from

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UPM  Lappeenranta  Biorefinery  is  the  world's  first  wood-basedrenewable  diesel  biorefinery.Photo  courtesy  of  UPM.

 

commercialization.

A  presentation  by  Adriaan  van  Heiningen,  introduced  as  the  father  of  thebiorefinery  concept,  catalogued  his  thoughts  on  the  state  of  thebiorefinery,  10  years  after  he  first  defined  it.  Like  Axegård,  vanHeiningen  sees  the  kraft  mill  as  central  to  the  biorefinery.  In  his  talk,van  Heiningen  noted  the  few  commercial  successes  in  biorefining  --Domtar‘s  Plymouth,  N.C.,  mill,  and  Stora  Enso’s  Sunila  mill  in  Finland,both  using  Valmet’s  LignoBoost  technology  to  produce  lignin,  WestFraser’s  Hinton,  Alta.,  mill  using  FPInnovation’s  Lignoforce  technologyto  produce  lignin,  and  UPM’s  Lappeenranta  biorefinery,  producingBioVerno,  a  bio-diesel  from  tall  oil.

Among  those  processes  that  failed  to  launch,  such  as  the  idea  of  pre-extraction  of  hemi-cellulose  or  black  liquor  gasification,  view  of  expertsat  the  International  Forest  Biorefinery  Summit  was  often  that  the  failedprocess  had  a  strong  negative  impact  on  the  mill’s  production  of  pulp,  orvery  poor  economics.  For  van  Heiningen,  the  future  of  the  kraft  pulp

IFBR  lies  in  the  improvement  of  the  pulping  process,  with  gains  in  either  production  and/or  quality,  to  coverthe  cost  of  feedstock  and  energy  increases  for  the  new  product  streams.  Sticking  close  to  conventionalwisdom,  van  Heiningen  focuses  on  hemi-cellulose,  lignin,  and  sugars,  all  with  further  downstream  potential,as  the  value-added  products  of  an  IFBR.  Overall,  van  Heiningen  categorizes  the  IFBR  as  a  modest  success,and  sees  growth  of  the  concept  in  the  future,  especially  as  greenhouse  gas  emissions  continues  to  be  aworldwide  concern  and  continues  to  function  as  a  policy  driver.

Biomass  supply  chain  needs  better  integrationEvelyn  Thiffault  of  Laval  University  discussed  issues  surrounding  policy  and  greenhouse  gas  emissions  inher  talk  on  biomass  supply  chains  and  bioenergy.  Thiffault  highlighted  Canada  and  Australia’s  success  indeveloping  niche  bio-projects  even  in  the  absence  of  strong  policy  support,  a  sentiment  echoed  by  otherpresenters  at  the  Summit.

Thiffault  says  that  the  mobilization  of  more  biomass  needs  better  integration,  where  even  the  harvester  knowswhat  is  being  harvested  for  which  purpose  and  where  to  send  it.  Further,  conversion  techniques  need  to  beimproved  to  better  handle  feedstock  variation.  Liquid  fuels  such  as  biodiesel  and  bioethanol,  for  Thiffault,offer  the  lowest  substitution  cost,  and  for  now  are  a  solid  option.

Luckily,  says  Thiffault,  employment  and  Gross  Domestic  Product  (GDP),  the  major  indicators  of  economicimpact,  benefit  from  bioenergy  projects,  although  other  socioeconomic  indicators  are  mixed.  Worker  safetyand  land  use  change  are  often  cited  as  negative  impacts  of  increased  biomass  mobilization.  Procuring  forestbiomass  is  an  integral  part  of  silvicultural  practices  within  a  forest  management  strategy  and  does  not  have  tohave  a  negative  effect  on  the  ecosystem,  she  counters.  A  lack  of  information  among  the  general  public  in  thisarea  is  a  significant  barrier,  and  Thiffault  encouraged  all  attendees  to  ensure  that  the  relevant  information  beclearly  communicated.

These  themes  of  integration  in  harvesting,  public  support  and  replacement  cost  all  had  echoes  in  otherpresentations  during  the  Summit.

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Peter  Axegard’s  interpretation  of  the  potential  by-products  of  a  kraft  pulp  mill.  Image  courtesy  ofInternational  Forest  Biorefinery  Summit.

Jean-Philippe  Jacques,  representing  the  InnoFibre  research  centre,  suggested  that  significant  cost  could  besaved  in  biomass  treatment  and  transport  by  using  regional  biomass  conditioning  platforms,  a  combination  ofmobile  grinder  and  screen.  These  have  the  benefit  of  mobility,  control  of  particle  size,  removal  ofcontaminants  and  fines,  and  a  reduction  of  conditioning  and  transportation  cost.  This  sort  of  technology,integrated  into  current  practice,  or  the  mobile  pyrolysis  units  suggested  at  last  year’s  event  by  Jean  Paris,could  result  in  the  sort  of  novel  harvesting  techniques  needed  to  improve  both  biomass  mobilization  and  theuse  of  dead  trees  in  the  industry.

Closing  the  Summit,  a  panel  of  industry  experts  from  pulp  and  paper  companies,  end  users,  governments  andassociations  discussed  means  of  producing,  and  then  selling,  high-value  products  from  an  IFBR.  Highlightsof  the  panel  included  Tom  Browne,  FPInnovations,  suggesting  that  the  primary  focus  of  the  biorefinery  mustbe  chemicals,  marketed  directly  to  the  end  user,  with  energy  or  fuel  as  a  secondary  product  of  thoseprocesses.  While  acknowledging  the  importance  of  drop-in  biofuels  based  on  the  immensity  of  existinginfrastructure,  he  suggested  that  bio-fuel  would  always  suffer  against  fossil  fuel  in  value.  Martin  Fairbanks,Resolute,  highlighted  the  industry’s  depth  of  knowledge  in  forestry  and  forest  products  while  lamenting  thepublic’s  misunderstanding  of  the  industry’s  green  credentials.  Common  issues  raised  included  the  need  forconsistency  in  the  end  product  to  compete  with  current  products  (largely  from  the  petrochemical  stream),  theneed  for  a  clear,  consistent,  long  term  policy  environment  to  mitigate  investor  risk,  and  the  overall  lack  ofmature  technologies.The  International  Forest  Biorefinery  Summit  was  organized  by  Polytechnique  Montreal,  held  from  Feb.  2-3,2015,  in  conjunction  with  PaperWeek  Canada,  the  annual  gathering  of  Canada’s  pulp  and  paper  industry.

         

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Privacy  /  CASL  (http://www.annexweb.com/privacy.html)  Canadian  Biomass  is  an  Annex  Business  Media  (http://www.annexweb.com/)  publication  |  Copyright  ©2015

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DAILY NEWS Feb 5, 2014 1:29 PM - 0 comments

PaperWeek: Biorefinery Symposium underlines needfor policy support

By: Shaun Leslie Turriff2014-02-05

The International Forest Biorefinery Symposium, under the umbrella of PaperWeek Canada in Montreal, launchedwith a keynote presentation by Gerd Unkelbach, of the Fraunhofer Center for Chemical-BiotechnologicalProcesseses CBP in Germany. Unkelbach focused on the role of the Fraunhofer center on pushing biorefiningprocesses past the pilot and development phase into industrial scale production (crossing through the so called“valley of death”) by offering a modular demonstration scale plant, funded by public and private investment, for useby interested parties. Located in the old Chemical Triangle south of Berlin, Fraunhofer is now a corner of a newbioeconomy triangle, focused on Germany’s abundance of beechwood. Fully modular, Fraunhofer offers researchersaccess to fermentation plants, lignocellulosic fractioning equipment, olefins production, downstream processing andenzyme digestion. No similar plant or project exists in Canada.

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The symposium, held on Feb. 3-4, also heard from Maria Wellisch of Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, highlightingCanada’s involvement with the International Energy Agency (IEA), in particular task 42, which focuses on thedevelopment of biorefineries as part of a global bioeconomy. She focused on the importance of sustainability, andthe goal of making sustainable practices standard in the industry.

Warren Mabee, Queen’s University, offered a quick overview of the state of biofuels worldwide, with an emphasison the domestic situation. Mabee’s main points highlighted the crucial need for policy support in this sector of thebioeconomy: lower future demand, competition with traditional products and energy, and cheaper global alternativeall point to the role of strong policy in supporting biofuels in Canada. Mabee noted that Canada has few suchpolicies at the moment, and that in addition to biofuels, other higher value bioproducts would benefit from policychanges to drive them forward. Straight-forward economics simply do not support a Canadian biofuels industry atthis time.

The dearth and unevenness of Canadian policy and political attitude towards a sustainable, robust bioeconomy hasbeen an important topic of discussion in the forest product industry for some time. Examples like Germany’sFraunhofer show that political will, coupled with private industry, can produce substantial results.

The PaperWeek Canada event, organized by PAPTAC, runs from Feb. 3-6 in Montreal.

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