LAPORAN RESMI PRAKTIKUMANALISA LUMPUR PEMBORAN
(ALP)
DISUSUN OLEH :
Nama : Raka Satria Anugrah
NIM : 1301325
Kelompok : V (LIMA)
Kelas : TP Non Reguler A
JURUSAN S1 TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN
SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI MINYAK & GAS BUMI
BALIKPAPAN
2015
1
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
LAPORAN RESMI
ANALISA LUMPUR PEMBORAN
Diajukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan praktikum Analisa Lumpur Pemboran
Tahun Akademik 2015 / 2016
Program Studi S1. Teknik Perminyakan
Sekolah Tinggi Tekonologi Minyak Dan Gas Bumi Balikpapan
Disusun Oleh,
Nama : Raka Satria Anugrah
NIM : 1301325
Kelompok : V (LIMA)
Dengan hasil penilaian :
Balikpapan, 20 Juni 2015
Disetujui Oleh,
Dosen Pembimbing Praktikum Asisten Praktikum
Ir. Yudiaryono, MT. Aan Kurniawan
NIDN: NIM: 120
2
LEMBAR ASISTENSI PRAKTIKUM
ANALISA LUMPUR PEMBORAN
NAMA : Raka Satria Anugrah
NIM : 1301325
JURUSAN : S1.Teknik Perminyakan
KELOMPOK : V (lima)
No. Tanggal Keterangan Paraf
1 17 Mei 20151. Well Profile
2. Sistem Pemboran
3. Komponen Rig dan type Rig
2 24 Mei 2015 1. Lumpur Pemboran2. Casing Design
3 9 Juni 20151. Sifat-sifat Lumpur Pemboran
2. Fluida Pemboran
411 Juni 2015 ACC Laporan Resmi ALP 2015
5 16 Juni 2015 FINAL TEST
3
KATA PENGANTAR
Dengan mengucapkan puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT, karena rahmat dan
hidayah-Nya sehingga pada kesempatan ini penulis dapat menyusun Laporan
Resmi Praktikum Analisa Lumpur Pemboran (ALP).
Dalam upaya penulisan laporan resmi ini tidak sedikit tantangan dan
hambatan yang penulis hadapi, namun dengan kebesaran-Nya dan bantuan serta
dorongan dari berbagai pihak sehingga tantangan dan hambatan tersebut dapat
diatasi. Untuk itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :
1. Bapak Ir. Yudiaryono,MT. selaku dosen mata kuliah Teknik Pemboran dan
pembimbing praktikum Analisa Lumpur Pemboran.
2. Orang tua saya yang selalu membantu dan mendo’akan saya.
3. Aan Kurniawan selaku asisten praktikum yang bersedia meluangkan
waktunya untuk kami.
4. Rekan-rekan sesama anggota kelompok V yang membantu menyelesaikan
laporan ini.
Penyusun menyadari bahwa laporan ini masih memiliki kekurangan, Oleh
karena itu penyusun sangat mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun
demi perbaikan dimasa yang akan datang.
Akhir kata, semoga laporan ini bermanfaat bagi semua rekan-rekan yang
membacanya.
Balikpapan, Juni 2015
Raka Satria Anugrah
iv
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................ i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. ii
LEMBAR ASISTENSI PRAKTIKUM ......................................................... iii
KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................... vu
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xiii
DAFTAR GRAFIK ......................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................... xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................... 1
BAB II DENSITAS, SAND CONTENT, DAN PENGUKURAN
KADAR MINYAK PADA LUMPUR PEMBORAN............ 8
2.1. Tujuan Percobaan .......................................................... 8
2.2. Teori Dasar .................................................................... 8
2.2.1. Densitas ............................................................. 8
2.2.2. Sand Content ..................................................... 11
2.2.3. Pengukuran Kadar Minyak ................................ 14
2.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ...................................................... 14
2.3.1. Peralatan ............................................................ 14
2.3.2. Bahan ................................................................. 16
2.4. Prosedur Percobaan ....................................................... 18
2.4.1. Densitas Lumpur ............................................... 18
2.4.2. Sand Content ..................................................... 18
2.4.3. Penentuan Kadar Cairan Lapisan ...................... 19
2.5. Data dan Hasil Percobaan .............................................. 20
2.6. Pembahasan ................................................................... 20
2.6.1. Pembahasan Praktikum ..................................... 20
v
2.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ............................................... 22
2.7. Kesimpulan .................................................................... 25
BAB III PENGUKURAN VISKOSITAS DAN GEL STRENGTH ... 27
3.1. Tujuan Percobaan .......................................................... 27
3.2. Teori Dasar .................................................................... 27
3.2.1. Penentuan Harga Shear Stress dan
Shear Rate ......................................................... 30
3.2.2. Penentuan Harga Viskositas Nyata
(Apparent Viscosity) .......................................... 31
3.2.3. Penentuan Plastic Viscosity dan
Yield Point ......................................................... 31
3.2.4. Penentuan Harga Gel Strength .......................... 32
3.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ...................................................... 32
3.3.1. Peralatan ............................................................ 32
3.3.2. Bahan ................................................................. 34
3.4. Prosedur Percobaan ....................................................... 36
3.4.1. Membuat Lumpur .............................................. 36
3.4.2. Cara Kerja dengan Marsh Funnel...................... 36
3.4.3. Mengukur Shear Stress dengan Fann VG.......... 36
3.4.4. Pengukuran Gel Strength dengan Fann VG ...... 36
3.5. Data dan Hasil Percobaan .............................................. 37
3.6. Pembahasan ................................................................... 37
3.6.1. Pembahasan Praktikum ..................................... 37
3.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ............................................... 39
3.7. Kesimpulan .................................................................... 40
BAB IV FILTRASI DAN MUD CAKE ............................................... 42
4.1. Tujuan Percobaan .......................................................... 42
4.2. Teori Dasar .................................................................... 42
4.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ...................................................... 47
vi
4.3.1. Peralatan ............................................................ 47
4.3.2. Bahan ................................................................. 49
4.4. Prosedur Percobaan ....................................................... 50
4.5. Data dan Hasil Percobaan .............................................. 50
4.6. Pembahasan ................................................................... 51
4.6.1. Pembahasan Praktikum ..................................... 51
4.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ............................................... 52
4.7. Kesimpulan .................................................................... 53
BAB V ANALISA KIMIA LUMPUR PEMBORAN ........................ 54
5.1. Tujuan Percobaan .......................................................... 54
5.2. Teori Dasar .................................................................... 54
5.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ...................................................... 59
5.3.1. Peralatan ............................................................ 59
5.3.2. Bahan ................................................................. 61
5.4. Prosedur Percobaan ....................................................... 62
5.4.1. Analisa Kimia Alkalinitas ................................. 62
5.4.2. Analisa Kesadahan Total ................................... 64
5.4.3. Menentukan Kesadahan Ca2+ dan Mg2+.............. 64
5.4.4. Menentukan Kandungan Klorida ...................... 65
5.4.5. Menentukan Kandungan Ion Besi
(Metode 1) ......................................................... 66
5.4.6. Menentukan Kandungan Ion Besi
(Metode 2) ......................................................... 66
5.5. Data dan Hasil Percobaan .............................................. 67
5.6. Pembahasan ................................................................... 68
5.6.1. Pembahasan Praktikum ..................................... 68
5.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ............................................... 69
5.7. Kesimpulan .................................................................... 71
vii
BAB VI KONTAMINASI LUMPUR PEMBORAN ........................... 73
6.1. Tujuan Percobaan .......................................................... 73
6.2. Teori Dasar .................................................................... 73
6.2.1. Shale Problem.................................................... 75
6.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ...................................................... 77
6.3.1. Peralatan ............................................................ 77
6.3.2. Bahan ................................................................. 81
6.4. Prosedur Percobaan ....................................................... 83
6.4.1. Kontaminasi NaCl ............................................. 83
6.4.2. Kontaminasi Gypsum ........................................ 84
6.4.3. Kontaminasi Semen ........................................... 84
6.5. Data dan Hasil Percobaan .............................................. 85
6.6. Pembahasan ................................................................... 86
6.6.1. Pembahasan Praktikum ..................................... 86
6.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ............................................... 90
6.7. Kesimpulan .................................................................... 92
BAB VII PENGUKURAN HARGA MBT
( METHYLENE BLUE TEST ) ............................................ 94
7.1. Tujuan Percobaan .......................................................... 94
7.2. Teori Dasar .................................................................... 94
7.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ...................................................... 99
7.3.1. Peralatan ............................................................ 99
7.3.2. Bahan ................................................................. 101
7.4. Prosedur Percobaan ....................................................... 103
7.5. Data dan Hasil Percobaan .............................................. 104
7.6. Pembahasan ................................................................... 104
7.6.1. Pembahasan Praktikum ..................................... 104
7.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ............................................... 104
7.7. Kesimpulan .................................................................... 105
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BAB VIII PEMBAHASAN UMUM ........................................................ 106
BAB IX KESIMPULAN UMUM .......................................................... 112
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1. Lumpur Pemboran ..................................................................... 1
Gambar 2.1. Shale Shaker .............................................................................. 11
Gambar 2.2. Degasser .................................................................................... 12
Gambar 2.3. Desander ................................................................................... 12
Gambar 2.4. Desilter ...................................................................................... 13
Gambar 2.5. Mud Balance .............................................................................. 15
Gambar 2.6. Retort Kit ................................................................................... 15
Gambar 2.7. Multi Mixer ................................................................................ 15
Gambar 2.8. Wetting Agent ............................................................................ 16
Gambar 2.9. Sand Content Set ....................................................................... 16
Gambar 2.10 Gelas Ukur 500 cc...................................................................... 16
Gambar 2.11. Barite ........................................................................................ 17
Gambar 2.12. Bentonite..................................................................................... 17
Gambar 2.13. Air Tawar (Aquades) ................................................................. 17
Gambar 3.1. Klasifikasi Fluida ...................................................................... 28
Gambar 3.2. Marsh Funnel ............................................................................ 32
Gambar 3.3. Timbangan ................................................................................. 33
Gambar 3.4. Gelas Ukur 500 cc ..................................................................... 33
Gambar 3.5. Fann VG .................................................................................... 33
Gambar 3.6. Mud Mixer ................................................................................. 34
Gambar 3.7. Cup Mud Funnel ........................................................................ 34
Gambar 3.8. Bentonite .................................................................................... 35
Gambar 3.9. Air Tawar (Aquades) ................................................................. 35
Gambar 3.10. Thinner ...................................................................................... 35
Gambar 4.1. High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT)................................ 43
Gambar 4.2. Filter Press ................................................................................ 47
Gambar 4.3. Mud Mixer ................................................................................ 47
Gambar 4.4. Stop Watch ................................................................................. 48
x
Gambar 4.5. Gelas Ukur 500 cc ..................................................................... 48
Gambar 4.6. Jangka Sorong .......................................................................... 48
Gambar 4.7. Filter Paper ............................................................................... 49
Gambar 4.8. Bentonite .................................................................................... 49
Gambar 4.9. Aquades ..................................................................................... 49
Gambar 5.1. Labu Titrasi Ukuran 250 cc dan 100 cc .................................... 59
Gambar 5.2. Buret Mikro ............................................................................... 60
Gambar 5.3. Pengaduk ................................................................................... 60
Gambar 5.4. Pipet ........................................................................................ 60
Gambar 5.5. pH Paper ................................................................................... 61
Gambar 5.6. Bentonite .................................................................................... 61
Gambar 5.7. Aquades ..................................................................................... 62
Gambar 6.1. Fann VG .................................................................................... 77
Gambar 6.2. Baroid Wall Building Tester....................................................... 78
Gambar 6.3. Tester Neraca ............................................................................. 78
Gambar 6.4. pH Indicator .............................................................................. 78
Gambar 6.5. Kompresor ................................................................................. 79
Gambar 6.6. Gelas Ukur ................................................................................. 79
Gambar 6.7. Mud Mixer ................................................................................ 79
Gambar 6.8. Stopwatch .................................................................................. 80
Gambar 6.9. Titration Disk ............................................................................ 80
Gambar 6.10. Jangka Sorong ........................................................................... 80
Gambar 6.11. Filter Trap ................................................................................. 81
Gambar 6.12. Aquades ..................................................................................... 82
Gambar 6.13. Bentonite .................................................................................... 82
Gambar 6.14. Gypsum ...................................................................................... 82
Gambar 6.15. Soda Ash .................................................................................... 83
Gambar 6.16. Monosodium Phospate ............................................................... 83
Gambar 7.1. Timbangan ................................................................................. 99
Gambar 7.2. Gelas Erlenmeyer 200 cc ........................................................... 100
Gambar 7.3. Magnet Batang .......................................................................... 100
xi
Gambar 7.4. Pipet ........................................................................................ 100
Gambar 7.5. Kertas Saring ............................................................................. 101
Gambar 7.6. Stop Watch ................................................................................. 101
Gambar 7.7. Bentonite .................................................................................... 102
Gambar 7.8. Aquades .................................................................................... 102
Gambar 7.9. H2SO4 5 N .................................................................................. 102
Gambar 7.10. Methylene Blue .......................................................................... 103
xii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1. Hasil Percobaan Densitas dan Sand Content ............................... 20
Tabel 3.1. Hasil Percobaan Viskositas dan Gel Strength .............................. 37
Tabel 4.1. Hasil Percobaan Filtrasi dan Mud Cake ....................................... 50
Tabel 5.1. Hasil Percobaan Analisa Kimia Lumpur Pemboran .................... 67
Tabel 5.2. Hasil Perhitungan Analisa Kimia Lumpur Pemboran .................. 68
Tabel 6.1. Hasil Percobaan Kontaminasi Lumpur Pemboran ....................... 85
Tabel 6.2. Hasil Percobaan Kontaminasi Lumpur Pemboran ....................... 86
Tabel 7.1. Kapasitas Tukar Kation dari Beberapa Jenis Mineral Clay.......... 96
xiii
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 6.1. Kontaminasi NaCl ........................................................................ 87
Grafik 6.2. Kontaminasi Gypsum ................................................................... 88
Grafik 6.3. Kontaminasi Semen ..................................................................... 89
xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
TUGAS PENDAHULUAN
ACARA I DENSITAS, SAND CONTENT, DAN PENGUKURAN KADAR
MINYAK PADA LUMPUR PEMBORAN
ACARA II PENGUKURAN VISKOSITAS DAN GEL STRENGTH
ACARA III FILTRASI DAN MUD CAKE
ACARA IV ANALISA KIMIA LUMPUR PEMBORAN
ACARA V KONTAMINASI LUMPUR PEMBORAN
ACARA VI PENGUKURAN HARGA MBT
xv
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