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LAPORAN RESMI PRAKTIKUMANALISA LUMPUR PEMBORAN

(ALP)

DISUSUN OLEH :

Nama : Raka Satria Anugrah

NIM : 1301325

Kelompok : V (LIMA)

Kelas : TP Non Reguler A

JURUSAN S1 TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN

SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI MINYAK & GAS BUMI

BALIKPAPAN

2015

1

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

LAPORAN RESMI

ANALISA LUMPUR PEMBORAN

Diajukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan praktikum Analisa Lumpur Pemboran

Tahun Akademik 2015 / 2016

Program Studi S1. Teknik Perminyakan

Sekolah Tinggi Tekonologi Minyak Dan Gas Bumi Balikpapan

Disusun Oleh,

Nama : Raka Satria Anugrah

NIM : 1301325

Kelompok : V (LIMA)

Dengan hasil penilaian :

Balikpapan, 20 Juni 2015

Disetujui Oleh,

Dosen Pembimbing Praktikum Asisten Praktikum

Ir. Yudiaryono, MT. Aan Kurniawan

NIDN: NIM: 120

2

LEMBAR ASISTENSI PRAKTIKUM

ANALISA LUMPUR PEMBORAN

NAMA : Raka Satria Anugrah

NIM : 1301325

JURUSAN : S1.Teknik Perminyakan

KELOMPOK : V (lima)

No. Tanggal Keterangan Paraf

1 17 Mei 20151. Well Profile

2. Sistem Pemboran

3. Komponen Rig dan type Rig

2 24 Mei 2015 1. Lumpur Pemboran2. Casing Design

3 9 Juni 20151. Sifat-sifat Lumpur Pemboran

2. Fluida Pemboran

411 Juni 2015 ACC Laporan Resmi ALP 2015

5 16 Juni 2015 FINAL TEST

3

KATA PENGANTAR

Dengan mengucapkan puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT, karena rahmat dan

hidayah-Nya sehingga pada kesempatan ini penulis dapat menyusun Laporan

Resmi Praktikum Analisa Lumpur Pemboran (ALP).

Dalam upaya penulisan laporan resmi ini tidak sedikit tantangan dan

hambatan yang penulis hadapi, namun dengan kebesaran-Nya dan bantuan serta

dorongan dari berbagai pihak sehingga tantangan dan hambatan tersebut dapat

diatasi. Untuk itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :

1. Bapak Ir. Yudiaryono,MT. selaku dosen mata kuliah Teknik Pemboran dan

pembimbing praktikum Analisa Lumpur Pemboran.

2. Orang tua saya yang selalu membantu dan mendo’akan saya.

3. Aan Kurniawan selaku asisten praktikum yang bersedia meluangkan

waktunya untuk kami.

4. Rekan-rekan sesama anggota kelompok V yang membantu menyelesaikan

laporan ini.

Penyusun menyadari bahwa laporan ini masih memiliki kekurangan, Oleh

karena itu penyusun sangat mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun

demi perbaikan dimasa yang akan datang.

Akhir kata, semoga laporan ini bermanfaat bagi semua rekan-rekan yang

membacanya.

Balikpapan, Juni 2015

Raka Satria Anugrah

iv

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................ i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. ii

LEMBAR ASISTENSI PRAKTIKUM ......................................................... iii

KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................... vu

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... v

DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... x

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xiii

DAFTAR GRAFIK ......................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................... xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................... 1

BAB II DENSITAS, SAND CONTENT, DAN PENGUKURAN

KADAR MINYAK PADA LUMPUR PEMBORAN............ 8

2.1. Tujuan Percobaan .......................................................... 8

2.2. Teori Dasar .................................................................... 8

2.2.1. Densitas ............................................................. 8

2.2.2. Sand Content ..................................................... 11

2.2.3. Pengukuran Kadar Minyak ................................ 14

2.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ...................................................... 14

2.3.1. Peralatan ............................................................ 14

2.3.2. Bahan ................................................................. 16

2.4. Prosedur Percobaan ....................................................... 18

2.4.1. Densitas Lumpur ............................................... 18

2.4.2. Sand Content ..................................................... 18

2.4.3. Penentuan Kadar Cairan Lapisan ...................... 19

2.5. Data dan Hasil Percobaan .............................................. 20

2.6. Pembahasan ................................................................... 20

2.6.1. Pembahasan Praktikum ..................................... 20

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2.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ............................................... 22

2.7. Kesimpulan .................................................................... 25

BAB III PENGUKURAN VISKOSITAS DAN GEL STRENGTH ... 27


3.2. Teori Dasar .................................................................... 27

3.2.1. Penentuan Harga Shear Stress dan

Shear Rate ......................................................... 30

3.2.2. Penentuan Harga Viskositas Nyata

(Apparent Viscosity) .......................................... 31

3.2.3. Penentuan Plastic Viscosity dan

Yield Point ......................................................... 31

3.2.4. Penentuan Harga Gel Strength .......................... 32


3.3.1. Peralatan ............................................................ 32

3.3.2. Bahan ................................................................. 34


3.4.1. Membuat Lumpur .............................................. 36

3.4.2. Cara Kerja dengan Marsh Funnel...................... 36

3.4.3. Mengukur Shear Stress dengan Fann VG.......... 36

3.4.4. Pengukuran Gel Strength dengan Fann VG ...... 36


3.6. Pembahasan ................................................................... 37


3.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ............................................... 39

3.7. Kesimpulan .................................................................... 40

BAB IV FILTRASI DAN MUD CAKE ............................................... 42


4.2. Teori Dasar .................................................................... 42


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4.3.1. Peralatan ............................................................ 47

4.3.2. Bahan ................................................................. 49



4.6. Pembahasan ................................................................... 51


4.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ............................................... 52

4.7. Kesimpulan .................................................................... 53

BAB V ANALISA KIMIA LUMPUR PEMBORAN ........................ 54


5.2. Teori Dasar .................................................................... 54


5.3.1. Peralatan ............................................................ 59

5.3.2. Bahan ................................................................. 61


5.4.1. Analisa Kimia Alkalinitas ................................. 62

5.4.2. Analisa Kesadahan Total ................................... 64

5.4.3. Menentukan Kesadahan Ca2+ dan Mg2+.............. 64

5.4.4. Menentukan Kandungan Klorida ...................... 65

5.4.5. Menentukan Kandungan Ion Besi

(Metode 1) ......................................................... 66

5.4.6. Menentukan Kandungan Ion Besi

(Metode 2) ......................................................... 66


5.6. Pembahasan ................................................................... 68


5.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ............................................... 69

5.7. Kesimpulan .................................................................... 71

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BAB VI KONTAMINASI LUMPUR PEMBORAN ........................... 73


6.2. Teori Dasar .................................................................... 73

6.2.1. Shale Problem.................................................... 75


6.3.1. Peralatan ............................................................ 77

6.3.2. Bahan ................................................................. 81


6.4.1. Kontaminasi NaCl ............................................. 83

6.4.2. Kontaminasi Gypsum ........................................ 84

6.4.3. Kontaminasi Semen ........................................... 84


6.6. Pembahasan ................................................................... 86


6.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ............................................... 90

6.7. Kesimpulan .................................................................... 92

BAB VII PENGUKURAN HARGA MBT

( METHYLENE BLUE TEST ) ............................................ 94


7.2. Teori Dasar .................................................................... 94


7.3.1. Peralatan ............................................................ 99

7.3.2. Bahan ................................................................. 101



7.6. Pembahasan ................................................................... 104


7.6.2. Pembahasan Soal ............................................... 104

7.7. Kesimpulan .................................................................... 105

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BAB VIII PEMBAHASAN UMUM ........................................................ 106

BAB IX KESIMPULAN UMUM .......................................................... 112

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1. Lumpur Pemboran ..................................................................... 1

Gambar 2.1. Shale Shaker .............................................................................. 11

Gambar 2.2. Degasser .................................................................................... 12

Gambar 2.3. Desander ................................................................................... 12

Gambar 2.4. Desilter ...................................................................................... 13

Gambar 2.5. Mud Balance .............................................................................. 15

Gambar 2.6. Retort Kit ................................................................................... 15

Gambar 2.7. Multi Mixer ................................................................................ 15

Gambar 2.8. Wetting Agent ............................................................................ 16

Gambar 2.9. Sand Content Set ....................................................................... 16

Gambar 2.10 Gelas Ukur 500 cc...................................................................... 16

Gambar 2.11. Barite ........................................................................................ 17

Gambar 2.12. Bentonite..................................................................................... 17

Gambar 2.13. Air Tawar (Aquades) ................................................................. 17

Gambar 3.1. Klasifikasi Fluida ...................................................................... 28

Gambar 3.2. Marsh Funnel ............................................................................ 32

Gambar 3.3. Timbangan ................................................................................. 33

Gambar 3.4. Gelas Ukur 500 cc ..................................................................... 33

Gambar 3.5. Fann VG .................................................................................... 33

Gambar 3.6. Mud Mixer ................................................................................. 34

Gambar 3.7. Cup Mud Funnel ........................................................................ 34

Gambar 3.8. Bentonite .................................................................................... 35

Gambar 3.9. Air Tawar (Aquades) ................................................................. 35

Gambar 3.10. Thinner ...................................................................................... 35

Gambar 4.1. High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT)................................ 43

Gambar 4.2. Filter Press ................................................................................ 47

Gambar 4.3. Mud Mixer ................................................................................ 47

Gambar 4.4. Stop Watch ................................................................................. 48

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Gambar 4.5. Gelas Ukur 500 cc ..................................................................... 48

Gambar 4.6. Jangka Sorong .......................................................................... 48

Gambar 4.7. Filter Paper ............................................................................... 49


Gambar 4.9. Aquades ..................................................................................... 49

Gambar 5.1. Labu Titrasi Ukuran 250 cc dan 100 cc .................................... 59

Gambar 5.2. Buret Mikro ............................................................................... 60

Gambar 5.3. Pengaduk ................................................................................... 60

Gambar 5.4. Pipet ........................................................................................ 60

Gambar 5.5. pH Paper ................................................................................... 61


Gambar 5.7. Aquades ..................................................................................... 62

Gambar 6.1. Fann VG .................................................................................... 77

Gambar 6.2. Baroid Wall Building Tester....................................................... 78

Gambar 6.3. Tester Neraca ............................................................................. 78

Gambar 6.4. pH Indicator .............................................................................. 78

Gambar 6.5. Kompresor ................................................................................. 79

Gambar 6.6. Gelas Ukur ................................................................................. 79

Gambar 6.7. Mud Mixer ................................................................................ 79

Gambar 6.8. Stopwatch .................................................................................. 80

Gambar 6.9. Titration Disk ............................................................................ 80

Gambar 6.10. Jangka Sorong ........................................................................... 80

Gambar 6.11. Filter Trap ................................................................................. 81

Gambar 6.12. Aquades ..................................................................................... 82


Gambar 6.14. Gypsum ...................................................................................... 82

Gambar 6.15. Soda Ash .................................................................................... 83

Gambar 6.16. Monosodium Phospate ............................................................... 83

Gambar 7.1. Timbangan ................................................................................. 99

Gambar 7.2. Gelas Erlenmeyer 200 cc ........................................................... 100

Gambar 7.3. Magnet Batang .......................................................................... 100

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Gambar 7.4. Pipet ........................................................................................ 100

Gambar 7.5. Kertas Saring ............................................................................. 101

Gambar 7.6. Stop Watch ................................................................................. 101


Gambar 7.8. Aquades .................................................................................... 102

Gambar 7.9. H2SO4 5 N .................................................................................. 102

Gambar 7.10. Methylene Blue .......................................................................... 103

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Hasil Percobaan Densitas dan Sand Content ............................... 20

Tabel 3.1. Hasil Percobaan Viskositas dan Gel Strength .............................. 37

Tabel 4.1. Hasil Percobaan Filtrasi dan Mud Cake ....................................... 50

Tabel 5.1. Hasil Percobaan Analisa Kimia Lumpur Pemboran .................... 67

Tabel 5.2. Hasil Perhitungan Analisa Kimia Lumpur Pemboran .................. 68

Tabel 6.1. Hasil Percobaan Kontaminasi Lumpur Pemboran ....................... 85

Tabel 6.2. Hasil Percobaan Kontaminasi Lumpur Pemboran ....................... 86

Tabel 7.1. Kapasitas Tukar Kation dari Beberapa Jenis Mineral Clay.......... 96

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DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 6.1. Kontaminasi NaCl ........................................................................ 87

Grafik 6.2. Kontaminasi Gypsum ................................................................... 88

Grafik 6.3. Kontaminasi Semen ..................................................................... 89

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

TUGAS PENDAHULUAN

ACARA I DENSITAS, SAND CONTENT, DAN PENGUKURAN KADAR

MINYAK PADA LUMPUR PEMBORAN

ACARA II PENGUKURAN VISKOSITAS DAN GEL STRENGTH

ACARA III FILTRASI DAN MUD CAKE

ACARA IV ANALISA KIMIA LUMPUR PEMBORAN

ACARA V KONTAMINASI LUMPUR PEMBORAN

ACARA VI PENGUKURAN HARGA MBT

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