12.2 4.010 yr
1000 km3 25985
m3
sec
The density of ice is ice 916.7kg
m3
Mass loss Mloss Vloss ice 23820tonne
sec
The latent heat of fusion of ice is LHT 334kJ
kg
Power LHT Mloss 7956 GW
2011 World nuclear capacity is 366 GW
Courtesy Leonid YurganovCourtesy Leonid Yurganov
Courtesy Leonid YurganovCourtesy Leonid Yurganov
Satellite-and surface-based anomalies of CH4 in ppb (left scale) and in Tg of CH4 (right scale) for troposphere of each hemisphere. Global burden anomaly is the sum of Northern and
Southern anomalies. Mean CH4 VMR increases in the NH with the rate 8.76 ppb/yr.
Courtesy Ed Dlugokencky (NOAA), Christian Frankenberg (JPL), Remco Scheepmaker (SRON)
Geo-engineering ?
© John MacNeill
Rasch Latham Chen 2009Environmental Research LettersDoi:101088/1748-9326/4/4045112
2 x CO2 and best 40% of sea areas seeded
2 x CO2 and best 70% of sea areas seeded
Rasch Latham Chen 2009Environmental Research LettersDoi:101088/1748-9326/4/4045112
Best 70% 2x CO2
Best 40% 2x CO2
Rasch Latham Chen 2009Environmental Research Letters
Doi:101088/1748-9326/4/4045112
Annual change of incident short wave radiation due to 5 megatonne/year stratospheric SO2 as predicted by the Hadley Centre HadGEM2-AO model.Jones, Haywood, Boucher, Kravitz, Robock. Atmo. Chem. Phys. July 2010
Direct methane capture from the
sea bed ?
Problems so far
Problems so farMethane release at very low flow rates
Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high rates
Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deployment
Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructions
Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructionsFast currents
Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructionsFast currentsEquipment sinking into very soft ooze
Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructionsFast currentsEquipment sinking into very soft oozeHydrogen sulphide toxicity
Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructionsFast currentsEquipment sinking into very soft oozeHydrogen sulphide toxicityUnacceptable biological consequences
Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructionsFast currentsEquipment sinking into very soft oozeHydrogen sulphide toxicityUnacceptable biological consequencesThe need to recover everything
Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructionsFast currentsEquipment sinking into very soft oozeHydrogen sulphide toxicityUnacceptable biological consequencesThe need to recover everythingPressure ridges
Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructionsFast currentsEquipment sinking into very soft oozeHydrogen sulphide toxicityUnacceptable biological consequencesThe need to recover everythingPressure ridges ? ? ? ? ?
Plate flatness controlThermal expansion 17 ppm/K
Plate thickness 15 mm
Delta T 1K
Panel size 100 mm
Curvature 440 metre
11 micron deflection per K
Stena Apache
Scanmudring
What next ?
What next ?
Identify show stoppers
What next ?
Identify show stoppers
Information on release areas, rates
What next ?
Identify show stoppers
Information on release areas, rates
Slopes and obstructions
What next ?
Identify show stoppers
Information on release areas, rates
Slopes and obstructions
Are biological side effects acceptable?
What next ?
Identify show stoppers
Information on release areas, rates
Slopes and obstructions
Are biological side effects acceptable?
Extruder technology, plastic type
What next ?
Identify show stoppers
Information on release areas, rates
Slopes and obstructions
Are biological side effects acceptable?
Extruder technology, plastic type
Ground pull vehicle
995 1000 1005 1010 1015 1020 1025 103010
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
3030
10
Tseai
Tseai
1028995 fre i salt i
Tsea
Density of fresh water and 3.5% salinity sea water against temperature
From http://www.csgnetwork.com/h2odenscalc.html
In June 2009 Real Madrid paid £80 million for Cristiano Ronaldo.
The Royal Society estimate for a fleet of spray vessels to offset 1 watt/m2 is £125 million. Ships last about 25 years.
Does anyone know the cost of Kyoto, Copenhagen, Cancun, Durban . . . . . .
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