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MUMBAI INSTITUTE OF
MANAGEMENT AND
RESEARCH
PROJECT REPORT ON:
MIS IN PRODUCTION
SUBMITTED TO:
Prof. Yogesh Kolhatkar
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Submitted by:
Md. Abdussalam 1066
Shraddha Modsing 1067
Vishnu Mudiraj 1068
Shraddha Naik 1069
Navtej 1070
Vinodkumar Shetty 1096
Anisha Shinde 1097
Ganesh Shinde 1098
Ranjeet Singh 1099
Devesh Suryawanshi 1100
Ammar Kadri 1132
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Acknowledgment
We take immense pleasure in thanking Prof. Yogesh KolhatkarProf. Yogesh KolhatkarProf. Yogesh KolhatkarProf. Yogesh Kolhatkar, and
Dr. R. K. Singh,Dr. R. K. Singh,Dr. R. K. Singh,Dr. R. K. Singh, for having permitted us to carry out this project work.
We would like to express our special gratitude and thanks to industry
persons for giving us such attention and time.
During this project we came to know various insights of the topic. We would
also like to thank all the people who have helped us directly or indirectly in
making this project.
Our thanks and appreciations also go to our colleagues in developing the
project and people who have willingly helped us out with their abilities.
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TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS
S . N O . S . N O . S . N O . S . N O . P A R
P A RP A RP A R T I C U L A R S
T I C U L A R S T I C U L A R S T I C U L A R S P A G E N O .
P A G E N O . P A G E N O . P A G E N O .
A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T 3
1 . I N T R O D U C T I O N O F M I S 6
2 N E E D O F M I S 9
3 F U N C T I O N O F M I S 1 0
4 O B J E C T I V E S O F M I S 1 2
5 C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S O F M I S 1 3
6 R O L E O F M A N A G E M E N T I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M 1 5
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7 R O L E S O F M I S
7 . 1 T h e P e r f o r m a n c e M o n i t o r i n g R o l e
7 . 2 T h e F u n c t i o n a l S u p p o r t R o l e
7 . 3 T h e D e c i s i o n S u p p o r t R o l e
1 5
1 5
1 6
8 T Y P E S O F M I S 1 7
9 B A S I C S T E P S T O D E V E L O P A N M I S 1 9
1 0 O B J E C T I V E O F T H E S T U D Y 3 4
1 1 S C O P E O F T H E S T U D Y 3 4
1 2 C O M P A N Y P R O F I L E A C C L I M I T E D 3 5
1 3 I N V E N T O R Y M A N A G E M E N T 3 8
1 4 M I S S T U D Y A T A C C L I M I T E D
1 0 . 1 G e n e r a l I n f o r m a t i o n
10.2 Need For Integrated MIS
1 0 . 3 M I S F u n c t i o n s P r o v i d e d b y C u r r e n t M I S
1 0 . 4 A r c h i t e c t u r e o f M I S a t A C C L i m i t e d
1 0 . 5 I n v e n t o r y M a n a g e m e n t M o d u l e O f C u r r e n t M I S
3 9
3 9
4 0
4 1
4 5
4 6
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1 1
Application of MIS4 9
1 2 R E C O M M E N D A T I O N 5 2
1 3 G A N T T C H A R T 5 3
1 4 B I B L O G R A P H Y 5 4
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I N T R O D U C T I O N
I N T R O D U C T I O N I N T R O D U C T I O N
I N T R O D U C T I O N
M a n a g e m e n t I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s ( M I S ) i s a s y s t e m c o n s i s t i n g o f p e o p l e , m a c h i n e s ,
p r o c e d u r e s , d a t a b a s e s a n d d a t a m o d e l s , a s i t s c o m p o n e n t s . T h e s y s t e m g a t h e r s d a t a f r o m
I n t e r n a l a n d E x t e r n a l s o u r c e s o f a n o r g a n i z a t i o n ; p r o c e s s e s i t a n d s u p p l i e s M a n a g e m e n t
I n f o r m a t i o n t o a s s i s t m a n a g e r s i n t h e p r o c e s s i n d e c i s i o n m a k i n g . T h u s i t i s s a f e t o c o n c l u d e
t h a t a n i n f o r m a t i o n s y s t e m i s " a s y s t e m c o n s i s t i n g o f t h e n e t w o r k o f a l l c o m m u n i c a t i o n c h a n n e l s
u s e d w i t h i n a n o r g a n i z a t i o n " .
A M a n a g e m e n t I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m o r M I S i s a s y s t e m a t i c , u n i f o r m m e t h o d f o r c o l l e c t i n g a n d
r e p o r t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t a p a r t i c u l a r p r o g r a m , e v e n t , o r a c t i v i t y . M I S s t r u c t u r e s v a r y g r e a t l y
i n t e r m s o f t h e w a y i n f o r m a t i o n f l o w s i n t o t h e s y s t e m , t h e t y p e s o f r e p o r t s g e n e r a t e d , a n d t h e
l e v e l o f d e t a i l . T h e a m o u n t o f r e l i a n c e o n c o m p u t e r s i s a v a r i a b l e t h a t a f f e c t s t h e w a y a n M I S i s
s t r u c t u r e d . S o m e r e q u i r e h i g h l y t r a i n e d s t a f f f o r d a t a e n t r y , q u a l i t y c o n t r o l , a n d o t h e r M I S
f u n c t i o n s ; o t h e r s y s t e m s a r e l e s s s o p h i s t i c a t e d . U l t i m a t e l y , a n o r g a n i z a t i o n s M I S i s b a s e d o n
i t s u n i q u e n e e d s , c a p a b i l i t i e s a n d r e s o u r c e s .
A s y o u f i n a l i z e y o u r p l a n s f o r p r o j e c t i m p l e m e n t a t i o n i s a n e x c e l l e n t t i m e f o r a n e w g r a n t e e t o
s e t u p a n M I S t h a t i s t a i l o r e d t o t h e p r o j e c t s u n i q u e i n f o r m a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s . T h i s c h a p t e r
d e s c r i b e s h o w y o u c a n s y s t e m a t i c a l l y c o l l e c t i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t k e y p r o g r a m e l e m e n t s t o m a k e
i n f o r m e d j u d g m e n t s a b o u t y o u r p r o j e c t s e f f e c t i v e n e s s i n a c h i e v i n g i t s g o a l s a n d u s i n g i t s
r e s o u r c e s . W i t h a c c u r a t e , t i m e l y i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t y o u r g r a n t s a c t i v i t i e s , y o u c a n b e a b e t t e r
m a n a g e r a n d o b t a i n o b j e c t i v e e v i d e n c e o f y o u r p r o j e c t s v a l u e t o t h e c o m m u n i t y . I n a d d i t i o n , a n
o r g a n i z e d a n d w e l l - p l a n n e d M I S a s s i s t s y o u i n p r o v i d i n g r e q u i r e d i n f o r m a t i o n a n d r e p o r t s t o
D O L .
Initially in businesses and other organizations, internal reporting was made manually
and only periodically, as a by-product of the accounting system and with some
additional statistic(s), and gave limited and delayed information on management
performance. Previously, data had to be separated individually by the people as per the
requirement and necessity of the organization. Later, data was distinguished from
information, and so instead of the collection of mass of data, important and to the point
data that is needed by the organization was stored.
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Earlier, business computers were mostly used for relatively simple operations such as
tracking sales or payroll data, often without much detail. Over time, these applications
became more complex and began to store increasing amount of information while also
interlinking with previously separate information systems. As more and more data was
stored and linked man began to analyze this information into further detail, creating
entire management reports from the raw, stored data. The term "MIS" arose to describe
these kinds of applications, which were developed to provide managers with information
about sales, inventories, and other data that would help in managing the enterprise.
Today, the term is used broadly in a number of contexts and includes (but is not limited
to): decision support systems, resource and people management applications,
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM), Customer
Relationship Management (CRM), project management and database retrieval
applications.
An 'MIS' is a planned system of the collection, processing, storage and dissemination of
data in the form of information needed to carry out the management functions. In a way,
it is a documented report of the activities that were planned and executed. According to
Philip Kotler "A marketing information system consists of people, equipment, and
procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, andaccurate information to marketing decision makers." [ 3 ]
The terms MISand information systemare often confused. Information systems include
systems that are not intended for decision making. The area of study called MIS is
sometimes referred to, in a restrictive sense, as information technology management.
That area of study should not be confused with computer science. IT service
management is a practitioner-focused discipline. MIS has also some differences with
ERP which incorporates elements that are not necessarily focused on decision support.
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The successful MIS must support a business's Five Year Plan or its equivalent. It must
provide for reports based upon performance analysis in areas critical to that plan, with
feedback loops that allow for titivation of every aspect of the business, including
recruitment and training regimens. In effect, MIS must not only indicate how things are
going, but why they are not going as well as planned where that is the case. These
reports would include performance relative to cost centers and projects that drive profit
or loss, and do so in such a way that identifies individual accountability, and in virtual
real-time.
Anytime a business is looking at implementing a new business system it is very
important to use a system development method such as System Development Life
Cycle. The life cycle includes Analysis, Requirements, Design, Development, Testing
and Implementation.
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NEED FOR MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMNEED FOR MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMNEED FOR MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMNEED FOR MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
This is a universally accepted fact that all managerial functions are performed through
decision making. For taking rational decisions, timely and reliable information is
essential and is procured through a logical method of information collecting, processing
and disseminating to decision makers.
In todays world of ever increasing complexities of carrying out business, every
organization, in order to survive and grow, must have a properly planned, analyzed,
designed and maintained MIS. This need is even more increased because
organizations now have to compete not only locally but also globally.
MIS assist decision makers, by providing the required information at various stages of
decision making and thus greatly help the organization to achieve its goals and
objectives. On the other hand, if an MIS is poorly planned and constructed, it may
provide inaccurate, irrelevant or obsolete information, which may even prove fatal for
the organization.
B E N E F I T S O F M I S I N V E S T M E N T S
B E N E F I T S O F M I S I N V E S T M E N T S B E N E F I T S O F M I S I N V E S T M E N T S
B E N E F I T S O F M I S I N V E S T M E N T S
I n v e s t i n g i n i n f o r m a t i o n s y s t e m s c a n p a y o f f f o r a c o m p a n y i n m a n y w a y s .
1 . I t c a n s u p p o r t a c o r e c o m p e t e n c y .
2 . E n h a n c e d i s t r i b u t i o n c h a n n e l m a n a g e m e n t .
3 . B u i l d s b r a n d e q u i t y .
4 . I T i n v e s t m e n t c a n b o o s t p r o d u c t i o n p r o c e s s e s
5 . I n f o r m a t i o n s y s t e m s a l l o w c o m p a n y f l e x i b i l i t y i n i t s o u t p u t l e v e l .
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FUNCTIONS OF MISFUNCTIONS OF MISFUNCTIONS OF MISFUNCTIONS OF MIS
M I S i s a c r o n y m o f m a n a g e m e n t i n f o r m a t i o n s y s t e m w h i c h c a n d o c o l l e c t i o n , t r a n s m i s s i o n ,
s t o r a g e , p r o c e s s i n g , m a i n t e n a n c e a n d u s e o f i n f o r m a t i o n , c o m p o s e d o f h u m a n , c o m p u t e r a n d
o t h e r p e r i p h e r a l e q u i p m e n t s . A s a n e m e r g i n g s c i e n c e , t h e m a i n t a s k o f i t i s t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e
i n f o r m a t i o n m a n a g e m e n t o f e n t e r p r i s e s b y t a k i n g a d v a n t a g e o f m o d e r n c o m p u t e r a n d n e t w o r k
c o m m u n i c a t i o n t e c h n o l o g y t o t h e l a r g e s t e x t e n t , a n d s e t u p t h e c o r r e c t d a t a b a s e d o n t h e
r e s e a r c h o f h u m a n r e s o u r c e , f i n a n c i a l r e s o u r c e , e q u i p m e n t s , t e c h n o l o g y , e t c . o w n e d b y
e n t e r p r i s e s , a n d p r o v i d e t i m e l y v a r i o u s o f p r o c e s s e d a n d s y s t e m i z e d i n f o r m a t i o n d a t a t o t h e
m a n a g e r s o a s t o m a k e c o r r e c t d e c i s i o n s a n d i m p r o v e c o n t i n u o u s l y t h e m a n a g e m e n t l e v e l a n d
e c o n o m i c b e n e f i t s o f e n t e r p r i s e s .
A t p r e s e n t , M I S o f e n t e r p r i s e s h a s b e e n t h e m a i n r e s o r t t o r e f o r m t e c h n o l o g y a n d i m p r o v e t h e
m a n a g e m e n t l e v e l . T h e o f f i c e a n d m a n a g e m e n t o f a e n t e r p r i s e w i l l b e t o w a r d s a e f f e c t i v e , r a p i d
a n d p a p e r l e s s d i r e c t i o n . M I S i s g e n e r a l l y u s e d f o r s y s t e m d e c i s i o n - m a k i n g . F o r i n s t a n c e ,
e n t e r p r i s e e m p l o y e e c a n m a k e u s e o f M I S t o f i n d o u t p r o b l e m s t h a t n e e d t o b e s o l v e d u r g e n t l y
a n d f e e d b a c k i n t i m e t o t h e u p p e r m a n a g e r s i n o r d e r t o m a k e t h e m u n d e r s t a n d t h e c u r r e n t
p r o g r e s s a n d i t s s h o r t a g e s . T h e m a i n f u n c t i o n s o f M I S a r e a s f o l l o w s ?
D a t a P r o c e s s i n g
I t i n c l u d e s t h e c o l l e c t i o n , t r a n s m i s s i o n , s t o r a g e , p r o c e s s i n g a n d o u t p u t o f d a t a . I t s i m p l i f i e s t h e
s t a t i s t i c s a n d r e d u c e s t o t h e l o w e s t c o s t b y s u p p l y i n g a n u n i f i e d f o r m a t .
F u n c t i o n o f p r e d i c t i o n
I t p r e d i c t s t h e f u t u r e s i t u a t i o n b y a p p l y i n g m o d e r n m a t h e m a t i c s , s t a t i s t i c s o r s i m u l a t i o n .
F u n c t i o n o f p l a n
I t a r r a n g e s r e a s o n a b l y t h e p l a n s o f e a c h f u n c t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e
r e s t r i c t i o n s a f f o r d e d b y e n t e r p r i s e s a n d p r o v i d e s t h e a p p r o p r i a t e p l a n n i n g r e p o r t s a c c o r d i n g t o
d i f f e r e n t m a n a g e m e n t .
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F u n c t i o n o f c o n t r o l
I t m o n i t o r s a n d i n s p e c t s t h e o p e r a t i o n o f p l a n s a n d c o m p r i s e s w i t h t h e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n
o p e r a t i o n a n d p l a n i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e d a t a a f f o r d e d b y e v e r y f u n c t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t , a n d b e
a s s i s t a n t t o m a n a g e r s t o c o n t r o l t i m e l y e a c h m e t h o d b y a n a l y z i n g t h e r e a s o n s w h y t h e
d i f f e r e n c e s c o m e s i n t o b e i n g .
F u n c t i o n o f a s s i s t a n c e
I t d e r i v a t e s i n s t a n t l y t h e b e s t a n s w e r s o f r e l a t e d p r o b l e m s b y a p p l y i n g t o v a r i o u s o f
m a t h e m a t i c s m o d e a n d a n a l y z i n g a p l e n t i f u l d a t a s t o r e d i n c o m p u t e r s i n t h e h o p e o f u s i n g
r a t i o n a l l y h u m a n r e s o u r c e , f i n a n c i a l r e s o u r c e , m a t e r i a l r e s o u r c e a n d i n f o r m a t i o n r e s o u r c e f o r
r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n t e c o n o m i c b e n e f i t s
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES OFOFOFOF MISMISMISMIS
W h e t h e r e l a b o r a t e o r s i m p l e , a n M I S i s w o r t h w h i l e o n l y i f i t a c h i e v e s i t s d e s i g n a t e d p u r p o s e s .
A t a m i n i m u m , y o u n e e d a n M I S t h a t p r o d u c e s t h e r e q u i r e d f e d e r a l r e p o r t s . I n a d d i t i o n , y o u r
M I S s h o u l d y i e l d r e p o r t s t h a t g u i d e m a n a g e m e n t d e c i s i o n s . F i n a l l y , y o u m a y a l s o w a n t r e p o r t s
t h a t o f f e r s t a f f f e e d b a c k o n h o w w e l l c l i e n t s a r e d o i n g o r t h a t i n f o r m p a r t n e r s a n d t h e c o m m u n i t y
a b o u t f r o n t l i n e o p e r a t i o n a l i s s u e s . T h e r e f o r e , t h e s y s t e m y o u d e v e l o p m a y b e u s e d :
T o m e e t f e d e r a l a n d p r o g r a m m a t i c r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r u s e i n m o n i t o r i n g a n d e v a l u a t i n g . T o m e e t f e d e r a l a n d p r o g r a m m a t i c r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r u s e i n m o n i t o r i n g a n d e v a l u a t i n g . T o m e e t f e d e r a l a n d p r o g r a m m a t i c r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r u s e i n m o n i t o r i n g a n d e v a l u a t i n g . T o m e e t f e d e r a l a n d p r o g r a m m a t i c r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r u s e i n m o n i t o r i n g a n d e v a l u a t i n g .
A t a m i n i m u m , g r a n t e e s m u s t s u b m i t t w o t y p e s o f r e p o r t s t o D O L :
1 . P r o g r a m m a t i c o r P r o g r a m R e p o r t s 2 . F i s c a l o r F i n a n c i a l R e p o r t s
T o i m p l e m e n t , m a n a g e a n d e v a l u a t e y o u r p r o g r a m i n a n e f f e c t i v e w a y . T o i m p l e m e n t , m a n a g e a n d e v a l u a t e y o u r p r o g r a m i n a n e f f e c t i v e w a y . T o i m p l e m e n t , m a n a g e a n d e v a l u a t e y o u r p r o g r a m i n a n e f f e c t i v e w a y . T o i m p l e m e n t , m a n a g e a n d e v a l u a t e y o u r p r o g r a m i n a n e f f e c t i v e w a y . A n e f f e c t i v e M I S
p r o v i d e s y o u w i t h c l e a r , c o n c i s e i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t h o w y o u r p r o j e c t i s o p e r a t i n g a n d
w h e t h e r y o u a r e m a k i n g p r o g r e s s t o w a r d s p r o j e c t g o a l s a n d o b j e c t i v e s . T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n
f a c i l i t a t e s a w a r e n e s s t h a t e x p e n d i t u r e o f f u n d s i s k e e p i n g p a c e w i t h y o u r t i m e t a b l e a n d
p r o j e c t w o r k a n d n o t e s i n e f f i c i e n c i e s i n s e r v i c e d e l i v e r y i n t i m e f o r c o r r e c t i v e a c t i o n .
I n f o r m a t i o n a l s o i s a v a i l a b l e t o s u p p o r t a d j u s t m e n t s i n s t a f f i n g , g r a n t e x p e n d i t u r e s ,
a c c o u n t a b i l i t y p r o v i s i o n s , a n d s e r v i c e d e l i v e r y m e t h o d s .
T o g u i d e s t a f f i n m o r e e f f e c t i v e s e r v i c e d e l i v e r y .
T o g u i d e s t a f f i n m o r e e f f e c t i v e s e r v i c e d e l i v e r y . T o g u i d e s t a f f i n m o r e e f f e c t i v e s e r v i c e d e l i v e r y .
T o g u i d e s t a f f i n m o r e e f f e c t i v e s e r v i c e d e l i v e r y . T h e s e d a t a c a n a l s o b e c o n f i g u r e d t o
a d d r e s s i n f o r m a t i o n n e e d s a t a l l s t a f f l e v e l s . Y o u r s t a f f c a n d e t e r m i n e i f t h e y a r e
a d e q u a t e l y s e r v i n g t h e i r t a r g e t p o p u l a t i o n a n d , i f n o t , c h a n g e t h e i r a p p r o a c h o r a l l o c a t e
m o r e r e s o u r c e s t o s e r v i c e d e l i v e r y .
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BASIC CHARACTERISTICSBASIC CHARACTERISTICSBASIC CHARACTERISTICSBASIC CHARACTERISTICS
I . M a n a g e m e n t M a n a g e m e n t M a n a g e m e n t
M a n a g e m e n t -
--
- o r i e n t e d
o r i e n t e d o r i e n t e d
o r i e n t e d :
T h e b a s i c o b j e c t i v e o f M I S i s t o p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n s u p p o r t t o t h e m a n a g e m e n t i n t h e
o r g a n i z a t i o n f o r d e c i s i o n m a k i n g . S o a n e f f e c t i v e M I S s h o u l d s t a r t
i t s j o u r n e y f r o m a p p r a i s a l o f m a n a g e m e n t n e e d s , m i s s i o n a n d g o a l o f t h e b u s i n e s s
o r g a n i z a t i o n . I t m a y b e i n d i v i d u a l o r c o l l e c t i v e g o a l s o f a n o r g a n i z a t i o n . T h e M I S i s s u c h
t h a t i t s e r v e s a l l t h e l e v e l s o f m a n a g e m e n t i n a n o r g a n i z a t i o n i . e . t o p , m i d d l e a n d l o w e r
l e v e l .
I I .
I I .I I .
I I . M a n a g e m e n t d i r e c t e d : M a n a g e m e n t d i r e c t e d : M a n a g e m e n t d i r e c t e d :
M a n a g e m e n t d i r e c t e d :
W h e n M I S i s m a n a g e m e n t - o r i e n t e d , i t s h o u l d b e d i r e c t e d b y t h e m a n a g e m e n t b e c a u s e i t i s t h e
m a n a g e m e n t w h o t e l l s t h e i r n e e d s a n d r e q u i r e m e n t s m o r e e f f e c t i v e l y t h a n a n y b o d y e l s e .
M a n a g e r s h o u l d g u i d e t h e M I S p r o f e s s i o n a l s n o t o n l y a t t h e s t a g e o f p l a n n i n g b u t a l s o o n
d e v e l o p m e n t , r e v i e w a n d i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s t a g e s s o t h a t e f f e c t i v e s y s t e m s h o u l d b e t h e
e n d p r o d u c t o f t h e w h o l e e x e r c i s e i n m a k i n g a n e f f e c t i v e M I S .
I I I . I n t e g r a t e d I n t e g r a t e d I n t e g r a t e d
I n t e g r a t e d :
I t m e a n s a c o m p r e h e n s i v e o r c o m p l e t e v i e w o f a l l t h e s u b s y s t e m s i n t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f a
c o m p a n y . D e v e l o p m e n t o f i n f o r m a t i o n m u s t b e i n t e g r a t e d s o t h a t a l l t h e o p e r a t i o n a l a n d
f u n c t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n s u b s y s t e m s s h o u l d b e w o r k e d t o g e t h e r a s a s i n g l e e n t i t y . T h i s i n t e g r a t i o n
i s n e c e s s a r y b e c a u s e i t l e a d s t o r e t r i e v a l o f m o r e m e a n i n g f u l a n d u s e f u l i n f o r m a t i o n .
I V . C o m m o n d a t a f l o w s : C o m m o n d a t a f l o w s : C o m m o n d a t a f l o w s :
C o m m o n d a t a f l o w s :
T h e i n t e g r a t i o n o f d i f f e r e n t s u b s y s t e m s w i l l l e a d t o a c o m m o n
d a t a f l o w w h i c h w i l l f u r t h e r h e l p i n a v o i d i n g d u p l i c a c y a n d r e d u n d a n c y i n d a t a
c o l l e c t i o n , s t o r a g e a n d p r o c e s s i n g . F o r e x a m p l e , t h e c u s t o m e r o r d e r s a r e t h e b a s i s f o r
m a n y a c t i v i t i e s i n a n o r g a n i z a t i o n v i z . b i l l i n g , s a l e s f o r c a s h i n g , e t c . D a t a i s c o l l e c t e d b y
a s y s t e m a n a l y s t f r o m i t s o r i g i n a l s o u r c e o n l y o n e t i m e . T h e n h e u t i l i z e s t h e d a t a w i t h
m i n i m u m n u m b e r o f p r o c e s s i n g p r o c e d u r e s a n d u s e s t h e i n f o r m a t i o n f o r p r o d u c t i o n
o u t p u t d o c u m e n t s a n d r e p o r t s i n s m a l l n u m b e r s a n d e l i m i n a t e s t h e u n d e s i r a b l e d a t a . T h i s
w i l l l e a d t o e l i m i n a t i o n o f d u p l i c a t i o n t h a t s i m p l i f y t h e o p e r a t i o n s a n d p r o d u c e a n
e f f i c i e n t i n f o r m a t i o n s y s t e m .
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V . H e a v y p l a n n i n g H e a v y p l a n n i n g H e a v y p l a n n i n g
H e a v y p l a n n i n g -
--
- e l e m e n t
e l e m e n t e l e m e n t
e l e m e n t :
T h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f M I S i s n o t a o n e o r t w o d a y e x e r c i s e . I t u s u a l l y t a k e s 3 t o 5 y e a r s a n d
s o m e t i m e s a m u c h l o n g e r p e r i o d . S o t h e s y s t e m e x p e r t h a s
t o k e e p 2 t h i n g s i n m i n d o n e i s t h a t h e h a s t o k e e p f u t u r e o b j e c t i v e s a s w e l l a s t h e f i r m s
i n f o r m a t i o n w e l l i n a d v a n c e a n d a l s o h e h a s t o k e e p i n m i n d t h a t h i s M I S w i l l n o t b e
o b s o l e t e b e f o r e i t g e t s i n t o a c t i o n .
V I .V I .V I .V I . S u b S y s t e m c o n c e p t :
S u b S y s t e m c o n c e p t : S u b S y s t e m c o n c e p t : S u b S y s t e m c o n c e p t :
W h e n a p r o b l e m i s s e e n i n 2 s u b p a r t s , t h e n t h e b e t t e r s o l u t i o n t o t h e p r o b l e m i s p o s s i b l e .
A l t h o u g h M I S i s v i e w e d a s a s i n g l e e n t i t y b u t f o r i t s e f f e c t i v e
u s e , i t s h o u l d b e b r o k e n d o w n i n s m a l l p a r t s o r s u b s y s t e m s s o t h a t m o r e a t t e n t i o n a n d
i n s i g h t i s p a i d t o e a c h s u b s y s t e m . P r i o r i t i e s w i l l b e s e t a n d p h a s e o f i m p l e m e n t a t i o n w i l l b e
m a d e e a s y . W h i l e m a k i n g o r b r e a k i n g d o w n t h e w h o l e M I S i n t o s u b s y s t e m s , i t s h o u l d b e k e p t i n
m i n d t h a t t h e s u b s y s t e m s s h o u l d b e e a s i l y m a n a g e a b l e .
V I I . C oC oC oC o m m o n d a t a b a s e
m m o n d a t a b a s e m m o n d a t a b a s e m m o n d a t a b a s e :
T h i s i s t h e b a s i c f e a t u r e o f M I S t o a c h i e v e t h e o b j e c t i v e o f u s i n g M I S i n b u s i n e s s o r g a n i z a t i o n s .
I t a v o i d s d u p l i c a t i o n o f f i l e s a n d s t o r a g e w h i c h l e a d s t o
r e d u c t i o n i n c o s t s . C o m m o n d a t a b a s e m e a n s a S u p e r f i l e o r M a s t e r f i l e w h i c h
c o n s o l i d a t e s a n d i n t e g r a t e s d a t a r e c o r d s f o r m e r l y s t o r e d i n m a n y s e p a r a t e d a t a f i l e s . T h e
o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e d a t a b a s e a l l o w s i t t o b e a c c e s s e d b y e a c h s u b s y s t e m a n d t h u s ,
e l i m i n a t e s t h e n e c e s s i t y o f d u p l i c a t i o n i n d a t a s t o r a g e , u p d a t i n g , d e l e t i o n a n d p r o t e c t i o n .
V I I I . C o m p u t e r i z e d C o m p u t e r i z e d C o m p u t e r i z e d
C o m p u t e r i z e d :
M I S c a n b e u s e d w i t h o u t a c o m p u t e r . B u t t h e u s e o f c o m p u t e r s i n c r e a s e s t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s a n d
t h e e f f i c i e n c y o f t h e s y s t e m . T h e q u e r i e s c a n b e h a n d l e d
m o r e q u i c k l y a n d e f f i c i e n t l y w i t h t h e c o m p u t e r i z e d M I S . T h e o t h e r b e n e f i t s a r e a c c u r a c y ,
s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y a n d t i m e l y i n f o r m a t i o n .
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ROLES OF MISROLES OF MISROLES OF MISROLES OF MIS
THE PERFORMANCE MONITORING ROLETHE PERFORMANCE MONITORING ROLETHE PERFORMANCE MONITORING ROLETHE PERFORMANCE MONITORING ROLE
MIS are not just statistics and data analysis. They have to be used as an MBO
(Management by Objectives) tool. They help:
to establish relevant and measurable objectives to monitor results and performances (reach ratios)
to send alerts, in some cases daily, to managers at each level of the organization, on all
deviations between results and pre-established objectives and budgets.
THE FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT ROLETHE FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT ROLETHE FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT ROLETHE FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT ROLE
Business processes and operations support function is the most basic. It involves
collecting, recording, storing, and basic processing of data. Information systems support
business processes and operations by:
recording, storing and processing sales data, purchase data, investment data,payroll data and other accounting records
recording, storing and processing inventory data, work in process data,equipment repair and maintenance data, supply chain data, and other
production/operations records
recording, storing and processing personnel data, salary data, employmenthistories, and other human resources records
recording, storing and processing market data, customer profiles, customerpurchase histories, marketing research data, advertising data, and other
marketing records
recording, storing an processing business intelligence data, competitor analysisdata, industry data, corporate objectives, and other strategic management
records
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THE DECISION SUPPORT ROLETHE DECISION SUPPORT ROLETHE DECISION SUPPORT ROLETHE DECISION SUPPORT ROLE
The business decision making support function goes one step further. It is an integral
part of making decisions. It allows users to ask "What if?" questions: What if we
increase the price by 5%? What if we increase price by 10%? What if we decrease price
by 5%? What if we increase price by 10% now, then decrease it by 5% in three months?
It also allows users to deal with contingencies: If inflation increases by 5% (instead of
2% as we are assuming), then what do we do? What do we do if we are faced with a
strike or a new competitive threat?
Contingencies: If inflation increases by 5% (instead of 2% as we are assuming), thenwhat do we do? What do we do if we are faced with a strike or a new competitive
threat?
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TTTTYPES OF MISYPES OF MISYPES OF MISYPES OF MIS
MIS CLASSIFICATIONMIS CLASSIFICATIONMIS CLASSIFICATIONMIS CLASSIFICATION
MIS is a concept, which is a matter of degree rather than an absolute one. In
management there are perhaps few other areas other than MIS which gas created so
much controversy. We would make an attempt to try to look into different types of MIS
as they have evolved during the course of time.
1. Transaction Processing System2. Management Information System3. Decision Support System4. Executive Support System5. Office Automation System6. Business Expert System
Transaction Processing System:Transaction Processing System:Transaction Processing System:Transaction Processing System: It processes transactions and produces reports. It
represents the automation of fundamental, routine processing used to support business
operations. It does not provide any information to the user for decision making. TPS
uses data and produces data.
Management Information System:Management Information System:Management Information System:Management Information System: MIS in an information system that processes data
and converts it into information. A management information system uses TPS for its
data inputs. The information generated by the information system may be used for
control of operations, strategic and long-range planning, short-range planning,
management control and other managerial problem solving.
Decision Support System:Decision Support System:Decision Support System:Decision Support System: A decision support system is an information system
application that assists decision-making. DSS tends to be used in planning, analyzing
alternatives and trial and error search solutions. They incorporate a variety of decision-
making models and thus area capable of performing what-if analysis.
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Executive Support System:Executive Support System:Executive Support System:Executive Support System: An ESS is a special kind of DSS. It is specially tailored for
the use of chief executives of an organization to support his decision-making. Thus ESS
is a comprehensive information system that includes various types of decision support
systems, but it is more specific and person oriented.
Office Automation System:Office Automation System:Office Automation System:Office Automation System: Office automation refers to the application of computer and
communication technology to office functions. Office automation systems are meant to
improve the productivity of managers at various levels of management by providing
secretarial assistance and better communication facilities.
Business Expert System:Business Expert System:Business Expert System:Business Expert System: A BES is a knowledge based information system that uses its
knowledge about a specific, complex application area to act as an expert.
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BASIC STEPS TO DEVELOP AN MISBASIC STEPS TO DEVELOP AN MISBASIC STEPS TO DEVELOP AN MISBASIC STEPS TO DEVELOP AN MIS
D e v e l o p i n g a n e f f e c t i v e a n d e f f i c i e n t M I S i s n o s i m p l e m a t t e r . T h e s c h e m a t i c o n t h e l a s t p a g e
o f t h i s h a n d o u t p r o v i d e s a n o v e r v i e w o f o n e e x a m p l e o f a n M I S a n d i t s d e v e l o p m e n t p r o c e s s .
A s p o r t r a y e d i n t h e c h a r t , d e s i g n i n g a n M I S i n v o l v e s s e v e r a l s e q u e n t i a l , c o n c r e t e s t e p s . T h e s e
i n c l u d e :
I d e n t i f y i n g s y s t e m t y p e ( m a n u a l o r c o m p u t e r - a u t o m a t e d s y s t e m ) ;
I d e n t i f y i n g t h e t y p e s o f i n f o r m a t i o n t o b e c o l l e c t e d ;
D e v e l o p i n g d a t a c o l l e c t i o n m e t h o d s ;
I n s t i t u t i n g a r e p o r t i n g s y s t e m ; a n d
E s t a b l i s h i n g a n d i m p l e m e n t i n g q u a l i t y c o n t r o l p r o c e d u r e s .
W e w i l l s u m m a r i z e t h e c o m p o n e n t s o f e a c h s t e p a n d t h e a d v a n t a g e s / d i s a d v a n t a g e s o f c e r t a i n
a p p r o a c h e s . W e a l s o w i l l p r o v i d e s u g g e s t i o n s f o r i m p r o v i n g y o u r s y s t e m a n d e x a m p l e s w h e r e
r e l e v a n t .
I d e n t i f y t h e T y p e o f S y s t e m N e e d e d I d e n t i f y t h e T y p e o f S y s t e m N e e d e d I d e n t i f y t h e T y p e o f S y s t e m N e e d e d I d e n t i f y t h e T y p e o f S y s t e m N e e d e d
T h e f i r s t s t e p i n d e v e l o p i n g y o u r M I S i s t o d e c i d e w h e t h e r y o u w a n t a m a n u a l ( h a n d - p r o c e s s e d )
o r a n a u t o m a t e d ( c o m p u t e r - p r o c e s s e d ) s y s t e m . A m a n u a l s y s t e m r e q u i r e s y o u r s t a f f t o
c o m p l e t e f o r m s t h a t c o n t a i n a l l t h e i n f o r m a t i o n o n y o u r p r o j e c t . F o r m s c o m p l e t e d m a n u a l l y b y
y o u r s t a f f m a y i n c l u d e a t t e n d a n c e r e c o r d s , p a r t i c i p a n t p r o f i l e s , a n d t h e r e s u l t s o f a n y
a s s e s s m e n t s o f e n t r a n c e c r i t e r i a t h a t y o u m a y u s e t o s c r e e n a p p l i c a n t s . Y o u r s t a f f t h e n
e s t a b l i s h a f i l i n g s y s t e m t h a t s y s t e m a t i c a l l y o r g a n i z e s t h e i n f o r m a t i o n s o i t i s e a s i l y a c c e s s e d
a n d c a n b e c o m p i l e d i n t o r e p o r t s . S t a f f a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a g g r e g a t i n g a l l n u m e r i c a l d a t a a n d
p r e s e n t i n g t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i n a c l e a r , c o n c i s e w a y .
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A n a u t o m a t e d s y s t e m r e l i e s o n a c o m p u t e r t o a g g r e g a t e d a t a a n d p r o d u c e t h e d e s i r e d r e p o r t s .
L i n e s t a f f m a y e n t e r d a t a d i r e c t l y i n t o t h e c o m p u t e r o r c o m p l e t e b a s i c f o r m s t h a t a d a t a e n t r y
c l e r k e n t e r s i n t o t h e c o m p u t e r . A p r i m a r y c o n s i d e r a t i o n i n d e s i g n i n g a n M I S i s t h e e x t e n t t o
w h i c h c o m p u t e r s a r e a v a i l a b l e a n d a t w h a t p o i n t i n t h e d a t a c o l l e c t i o n p r o c e s s t h e y a r e
i n t r o d u c e d . A l t h o u g h y o u r s t a f f m a y s t i l l n e e d t o c o m p l e t e i n f o r m a t i o n c o l l e c t i o n f o r m s
m a n u a l l y , t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i s t r a n s f e r r e d t o a c o m p u t e r , w h i c h c o m b i n e s t h e d a t a a n d u l t i m a t e l y
g e n e r a t e s r e p o r t s .
A m a n u a l s y s t e m m a y b e m o r e a p p r o p r i a t e i f y o u r o f f i c e s d o n o t h a v e c o m p u t e r s , y o u r b u d g e t
i s l i m i t e d , o r y o u r p r o j e c t i s r e l a t i v e l y s i m p l e . A n a u t o m a t e d s y s t e m m a y b e p r e f e r r e d u n d e r
o p p o s i t e c o n d i t i o n s , e s p e c i a l l y i f y o u w a n t t o f r e e y o u r s t a f f f r o m a g g r e g a t i n g t a b u l a t e d d a t a .
C o m p u t e r s a r e m o r e a c c u r a t e i n t a b u l a t i n g d a t a , a n d a v a r i e t y o f s o f t w a r e p r o g r a m s ( e . g . ,
M i c r o s o f t E x c e l a n d A c c e s s ) a r e a v a i l a b l e w h e n s t a f f m e m b e r s c a n u s e t h e m e f f e c t i v e l y . F o r
e x a m p l e , a r e q u i r e d d a t a e l e m e n t i n y o u r t o t a l c a l c u l a t i o n f o r D O L i s t h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f
p a r t i c i p a n t s w h o e n r o l l i n y o u r p r o g r a m d u r i n g t h e c u r r e n t q u a r t e r . T h e s y s t e m y o u d e s i g n
s h o u l d a l l o w y o u r s t a f f t o e n t e r i n d i v i d u a l i n f o r m a t i o n o n c l i e n t s d u r i n g t h e q u a r t e r a n d p r o d u c e
a r e p o r t t h a t d i s p l a y s t h e n u m b e r o f p a r t i c i p a n t s w h o h a v e e n r o l l e d i n t h e p r o g r a m f o r t h a t
p a r t i c u l a r q u a r t e r .
D e f i
D e f i D e f i
D e f i n e D a t a R e q u i r e m e n t s
n e D a t a R e q u i r e m e n t s n e D a t a R e q u i r e m e n t s
n e D a t a R e q u i r e m e n t s
O n e o f t h e f i r s t s t e p s t o d e v e l o p i n g a n e f f e c t i v e M I S i s t o h a v e a c l e a r s t a t e m e n t o f t h e
i n f o r m a t i o n n e e d s o f y o u r o r g a n i z a t i o n . I n o r d e r t o d o t h a t , y o u w i l l n e e d t o d e f i n e t h e d a t a y o u
n e e d t o c o l l e c t a n d h o w i t w i l l b e u s e d . I t i s u s e l e s s t o c o l l e c t d a t a t h a t h a s n o d e s i g n a t e d
p u r p o s e . A s d i s c u s s e d e a r l i e r , t w o o v e r a r c h i n g p u r p o s e s e x i s t f o r t h e d a t a c o l l e c t i o n e f f o r t : t o
m e e t t h e f e d e r a l r e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r y o u r g r a n t a n d t o b e t t e r m a n a g e a n d i m p l e m e n t
y o u r p r o g r a m .
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T h e f o l l o w i n g t a b l e p r o v i d e s a b r i e f s u m m a r y o f t h e e x a m p l e u s e d a b o v e .
I n f o r m a t i o n R e q u i r e d
I n f o r m a t i o n R e q u i r e d I n f o r m a t i o n R e q u i r e d
I n f o r m a t i o n R e q u i r e d S o u r c e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n / L o c a t i o n
S o u r c e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n / L o c a t i o n S o u r c e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n / L o c a t i o n
S o u r c e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n / L o c a t i o n
T o t a l n u m b e r o f p a r t i c i p a n t s c a r r i e d o v e r f r o m p r e v i o u s
q u a r t e r s
S u m m a r y r e p o r t s g e n e r a t e d f r o m i n t a k e f o r m s
T o t a l n u m b e r o f n e w p a r t i c i p a n t s I n t a k e f o r m s
T o t a l n u m b e r o f p a r t i c i p a n t s w h o c o m p l e t e d t r a i n i n g
A t t e n d a n c e r o s t e r s f o r t r a i n i n g s e s s i o n s / w e e k l y o r
m o n t h l y r e p o r t s f r o m o u t s i d e t r a i n e r s
T o t a l n u m b e r o f p a r t i c i p a n t s w h o e x i t e d / t e r m i n a t e d f r o m
t h e p r o g r a m
E x i t / C o m p l e t i o n f o r m s
T o t a l n u m b e r o f p a r t i c i p a n t s r e m a i n i n g i n t h e p r o g r a m a t
t h e e n d o f t h e c u r r e n t q u a r t e r
I n t a k e f o r m s o r s u m m a r y l i s t i n g o f p a r t i c i p a n t s t o d a t e
D e f i n e D a t a C o l l e c t i o n M e t h o d s
D e f i n e D a t a C o l l e c t i o n M e t h o d s D e f i n e D a t a C o l l e c t i o n M e t h o d s
D e f i n e D a t a C o l l e c t i o n M e t h o d s
N o w t h a t y o u h a v e d e f i n e d t h e d a t a t h a t n e e d s t o b e c o l l e c t e d a n d w h e r e t h e d a t a a r e l o c a t e d ,
y o u m u s t d e t e r m i n e t h e b e s t w a y t o c o l l e c t t h e i n f o r m a t i o n . E a c h o r g a n i z a t i o n h a s d i f f e r e n t
s t a f f s t r u c t u r e s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s . F o r g r a n t s w i t h l i m i t e d s t a f f , t h e p r o j e c t d i r e c t o r m a y
p e r f o r m a l l o f t h e d a t a c o l l e c t i o n a n d r e p o r t i n g . L a r g e r g r a n t s m a y d e s i g n a t e a s p e c i f i c M I S
p e r s o n o r r e s e a r c h e r / e v a l u a t o r r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h i s w o r k . S t i l l o t h e r p r o j e c t s m a y d e l e g a t e
i n f o r m a t i o n c o l l e c t i o n t o l i n e s t a f f w i t h a n a s s i s t a n t p r o j e c t d i r e c t o r , p r o j e c t c o o r d i n a t o r , o r
a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a i d e n t e r i n g a n d a g g r e g a t i n g t h e d a t a f o r f i n a l s u b m i s s i o n . N o s i n g l e , c o r r e c t
w a y e x i s t s t o t a c k l e t h e s e r e p o r t s . T h e m e a n s y o u c h o o s e d e p e n d s o n t h e u n i q u e n e e d s ,
c a p a b i l i t i e s , a n d r e s o u r c e s o f y o u r g r a n t . R e g a r d l e s s o f t h e m e t h o d , t a k e e x t r a s t e p s t o e n s u r e
t h e d a t a y o u c o l l e c t a n d r e p o r t a r e a c c u r a t e .
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T h e s e s t e p s m a y i n c l u d e :
P r e p a r a t i o n o f a p r o c e d u r e s m a n u a l t h a t d e s c r i b e s t h e o v e r a l l p r o c e s s ( i n c l u d i n g a d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e t y p e s o f r e p o r t s r e q u i r e d , f l o w o f i n f o r m a t i o n , a n d d e f i n i t i o n s o f t e r m s ) .
A p r o c e d u r e s m a n u a l i s e s s e n t i a l t o a s s u r e a l l s t a f f a r e u s i n g t h e s a m e d e f i n i t i o n s a n d
f o l l o w i n g t h e s a m e p r o c e d u r e s . T h e c l e a r a r t i c u l a t i o n o f t h e n e e d e d r e p o r t s a s s u r e s d a t a
a r e a g g r e g a t e d i n t h e r i g h t c o m b i n a t i o n s . A d e s c r i p t i o n o f i n f o r m a t i o n f l o w i n f o r m s s t a f f
a s t o w h e n t o c o l l e c t d a t a a n d w h e r e t o d i r e c t i t .
E s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a s c h e d u l e f o r d a t a c o l l e c t i o n a n d s u b m i s s i o n . T h i s e n s u r e s y o u c o l l e c t d a t a i n a t i m e l y m a n n e r f o r t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f r e q u i r e d r e p o r t s .
T r a i n i n g o f s t a f f o n d a t a c o l l e c t i o n m e t h o d s .
D e v e l o p m e n t o f n e c e s s a r y f o r m s .
A s s i g n m e n t o f s t a f f t o c o m p l e t e t h e n e c e s s a r y f o r m s .
A s s i g n m e n t o f s t a f f t o e n t e r d a t a i n y o u r s y s t e m .
I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f q u a l i t y c o n t r o l p r o c e d u r e s .
A s s i g n m e n t o f s t a f f t o g e n e r a t e r e q u i r e d r e p o r t s .
Y o u r s t a f f m u s t u n d e r s t a n d a n d a d h e r e t o t h e s t a t e d p r o c e d u r e s d e l i n e a t e d i n y o u r p r o c e d u r e s
m a n u a l , r e s p o n d i n g t o e a c h i t e m o n f o r m s y o u r p r o j e c t u s e s t o c o l l e c t d a t a . I f s t a f f w h o c o l l e c t
i n f o r m a t i o n a r e d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h e s t a f f w h o e n t e r o r a g g r e g a t e d a t a f o r r e p o r t s , y o u m u s t m a k e
s u r e t h e y c o m m u n i c a t e c l e a r l y w i t h o n e a n o t h e r . Y o u m a y w a n t a s u p e r v i s o r t o c o n d u c t s p o t
c h e c k s o f t h e d a t a e n t r y t o e n s u r e i n f o r m a t i o n i s a c c u r a t e , c o m p l e t e a n d c o n s i s t e n t . A l s o , y o u
m a y i d e n t i f y a n d c o r r e c t e r r o r s i n t h e d a t a c o l l e c t i o n / r e p o r t i n g p r o c e s s a s y o u r e v i e w a n d
d i s c u s s i n f o r m a t i o n w i t h y o u r m a n a g e m e n t o r l i n e s t a f f .
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E s t a b l i s h a R e p o r t i n g S y s t e m
E s t a b l i s h a R e p o r t i n g S y s t e m E s t a b l i s h a R e p o r t i n g S y s t e m
E s t a b l i s h a R e p o r t i n g S y s t e m
Y o u n e e d t o e n s u r e y o u r s t a f f u n d e r s t a n d t h e t y p e s o f r e p o r t s t h e y n e e d t o g e n e r a t e . H o w d a t a
a r e a g g r e g a t e d d e p e n d s o n t h e p u r p o s e o f t h e r e p o r t . F o r e x a m p l e , i s i t i m p o r t a n t t o k n o w h o w
m a n y w o m e n u n d e r t h e a g e o f 1 8 a r e b e i n g s e r v e d ? I f s o , t h e r e p o r t m u s t a g g r e g a t e d a t a o n
a l l w o m e n u n d e r 1 8 , n o t d a t a o n a l l w o m e n o r d a t a o n a l l p e o p l e u n d e r t h e a g e o f 1 8 . T h e d a t a
r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e t h e s a m e , b u t h o w t h e d a t a a r e c o m b i n e d i n t o a r e p o r t i s m u c h d i f f e r e n t .
Y o u c a n g e n e r a t e s e v e r a l t y p e s o f r e p o r t s u s i n g M I S d a t a . F o r e x a m p l e , y o u c a n p r o d u c e
s u m m a r y r e p o r t s f o r m a n a g e m e n t s t a f f o n a m o n t h l y b a s i s f o r p l a n n i n g a n d m o n i t o r i n g
p u r p o s e s ; t h e s e r e p o r t s m e a s u r e p r o g r e s s t o w a r d p r o j e c t g o a l s a n d t i m e t a b l e s o r c o m p a r e
a c t u a l t o t h e p l a n . Y o u c a n a l s o p r o d u c e d e t a i l e d r e p o r t s o n a w e e k l y b a s i s f o r l i n e s t a f f t o
u s e f o r m o n i t o r i n g i n d i v i d u a l p a r t i c i p a n t p r o g r e s s . L i n e s t a f f r e p o r t s m a y t a k e t h e s a m e d a t a
( e . g . , a t t e n d a n c e d a t a ) b u t r e p o r t b y i n d i v i d u a l t o i d e n t i f y p o t e n t i a l d r o p 0 o u t s . B y c o n t r a s t , y o u
m a y a g g r e g a t e a t t e n d a n c e d a t a f o r m a n a g e m e n t t o s h o w a v e r a g e d a i l y a t t e n d a n c e b y e a c h
p r o j e c t c o m p o n e n t t o a l l o w m a n a g e r s t o k n o w w h i c h s e r v i c e c o m p o n e n t s a r e n o t h o l d i n g t h e
a t t e n t i o n o f p a r t i c i p a n t s .
I t i s i m p o r t a n t t o r e m e m b e r t h a t e f f e c t i v e r e p o r t s a r e t h o s e t h a t h i g h l i g h t i m p o r t a n t i n f o r m a t i o n
a n d c o m m u n i c a t e t h a t i n f o r m a t i o n q u i c k l y a n d c o n c i s e l y .
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I m p l
I m p l I m p l
I m p l e m e n t Q u a l i t y C o n t r o l S y s t e m
e m e n t Q u a l i t y C o n t r o l S y s t e m e m e n t Q u a l i t y C o n t r o l S y s t e m
e m e n t Q u a l i t y C o n t r o l S y s t e m
A f t e r y o u h a v e u n d e r t a k e n t h e v a r i o u s s t e p s r e q u i r e d t o s e t u p y o u r M I S , y o u n e e d t o
i m p l e m e n t a q u a l i t y c o n t r o l s y s t e m t o m o n i t o r y o u r M I S a n d a l l o w f o r t i m e l y m o d i f i c a t i o n o f y o u r
s y s t e m . Q u a l i t y c o n t r o l p r o c e d u r e s m a y i n c l u d e :
W e e k l y o r m o n t h l y m e e t i n g s w i t h m a n a g e m e n t a n d l i n e s t a f f t o d i s c u s s s t r e n g t h s a n d w e a k n e s s e s o f y o u r d a t a c o l l e c t i o n a n d r e p o r t i n g s y s t e m a n d t o d e t e r m i n e i f y o u n e e d t o
m a k e c h a n g e s t o e n s u r e t h e p r o c e s s i s f u n c t i o n i n g e f f e c t i v e l y . D o s t a f f r e c e i v e
i n f o r m a t i o n t h e y n e e d w h e n t h e y n e e d i t ?
S p o t c h e c k s o f d a t a c o l l e c t i o n a n d d a t a e n t r y b y m a n a g e m e n t o r M I S s p e c i a l i s t s .
O n g o i n g s t a f f t r a i n i n g o n h o w t o u s e a n d a c c e s s t h e s y s t e m .
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Overview of the MIS Development ProcessOverview of the MIS Development ProcessOverview of the MIS Development ProcessOverview of the MIS Development Process
Identify type of system
Define data requirements
Establish data collection
methods
Set up procedures for data
collection
Set up schedule for data
collection
Establish reporting system
Conduct data entry into
system
Define type of
reports to be
Check for data
accuracy
Maintain files
Generate reports
Quality Control and Monitoring Procedures
Assign staff
Complete required forms for
submission to DOL
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Basic flow of information in MISBasic flow of information in MISBasic flow of information in MISBasic flow of information in MIS
IIIInformation management systemsnformation management systemsnformation management systemsnformation management systems
There are many types of information management systems in the market that provide a
wide range of benefits for companies. Strategic information management system,
customer relation management systems and enterprise resource planning systems are
some of them. The following are some of the benefits that can be attained from different
types of information management systems. [ 4 ]
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Advantages of information management systemsAdvantages of information management systemsAdvantages of information management systemsAdvantages of information management systems (1) The company is able to highlight
their strength and weaknesses due to the presence of revenue reports, employee
performance records etc. The identification of these aspects can help the company to
improve their business processes and operations. (2) The availability of the customer
data and feedback can help the company to allign their business processes according
to the needs of the customers. The effective management of customer data can help
the company to perform direct marketing and promotion activities. (3) Information is
considered to be an important asset for any company in the modern competitive world.
The consumer buying trends and behaviors can be predicted by the analysis of sales
and revenue reports from each operating region of the company
Applications of MISApplications of MISApplications of MISApplications of MIS
M a n u f a c t u r i n g S e c t o r :
I n t r o d u c t i o n , P e r s o n a l M a n a g e m e n t , M a r k e t i n g
M a n a g e m e n t , A c c o u n t i n g a n d F i n a n c e M a n a g e m e n t ,
P r o d u c t i o n M a n a g e m e n t , M a t e r i a l s M a n a g e m e n t a n d
M a r k e t i n g M a n a g e m e n t
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M A N U F A C T U R I N G S E C T O R
M A N U F A C T U R I N G S E C T O R M A N U F A C T U R I N G S E C T O R
M A N U F A C T U R I N G S E C T O R
M a j o r b u s i n e s s f u n c t i o n s c a n b e d i s t i n c t l y i d e n t i f i e d a s S a l e s , M a r k e t i n g ,
M a n u f a c t u r i n g , F i n a n c e , A c c o u n t i n g , a n d H u m a n r e s o u r c e s .
T h e s e a r e n o t h i n g b u t t h e m a n a g e r i a l t a s k w i t h i n b u s i n e s s o r g a n i z a t i o n . M a n a g e r s
b a s i c a l l y p e r f o r m t h e f u n c t i o n s o f d e c i s i o n m a k i n g , p l a n n i n g a n d c o n t r o l l i n g .
A s a r e s u l t M I S f o r e a c h o f t h e s e f u n c t i o n a l a r e a s a r e d e v e l o p e d
P
PP
P R O D U C T I O N M A N A G E M E N T
R O D U C T I O N M A N A G E M E N T R O D U C T I O N M A N A G E M E N T
R O D U C T I O N M A N A G E M E N T
T h e o b j e c t i v e o f p r o d u c t i o n m a n a g e m e n t f u n c t i o n :
1 . T o p r o v i d e m a n u f a c t u r i n g s e r v i c e s t o t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n
2 . T o m a n u f a c t u r e p r o d u c t s o f a c e r t a i n s p e c i f i e d q u a l i t y
3 . T o p r o d u c e i n a s t i p u l a t e d t i m e
4 . F u l l e r u t i l i z a t i o n o f t h e m a n u f a c t u r i n g c a p a c i t y
5 . M a x i m u m u p t i m e o f p l a n t a n d e q u i p m e n t
6 . M i n i m a l r e j e c t i o n s
7 . F u l f i l l i n g t h e p r o m i s e s g i v e n t o t h e c u s t o m e r
A p p l i c a t i o n s :
A p p l i c a t i o n s : A p p l i c a t i o n s :
A p p l i c a t i o n s :
T h e p r o d u c t i o n m a n a g e m e n t i s p e r f o r m e d t h r o u g h :
1 . P r o d u c t i o n , p l a n n i n g a n d c o n t r o l
2 . B i l l o f m a t e r i a l p r o c e s s i n g ,
3 . D r a w i n g s a n d p r o c e s s p l a n n i n g ,
4 . S c h e d u l i n g a n d m o n i t o r i n g s y s t e m s a s s u p p o r t s y s t e m s
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A c c o u n t i n g
A c c o u n t i n g A c c o u n t i n g
A c c o u n t i n g
1 . Q u a n t i t y o f p r o d u c t i o n w i t h r e s p e c t t o a t i m e p e r i o d
2 . M a t e r i a l r e q u i r e m e n t a n d i t s u s a g e
3 . R e j e c t i o n q u a n t i t y a t e a c h i n t e r m e d i a t e s t a g e a n d a t f i n a l s t a g e
4 . B r e a k d o w n i n c i d e n c e
5 . U s a g e o f p o w e r , f u e l a n d c o n s u m a b l e s
6 . M a c h i n e a n d f a c i l i t i e s u t i l i z a t i o n
7 . L a b o u r h o u r s
Q u e r y
Q u e r y Q u e r y
Q u e r y
1 S t a t u s o f j o b o r o r d e r i n t e r m s o f s t a g e a n d l e v e l c o m p l e t i o n
2 L o a d s t a t u s o n m a c h i n e o r g r o u p o f m a c h i n e s
3 S t a t u s o n a v a i l a b i l i t y o f m a t e r i a l s
4 S t a n d a r d i n f o r m a t i o n o n m a c h i n e s , t o o l s , s p e c i f i c a t i o n s e t c
5 S t a n d a r d i n f o r m a t i o n o n s k i l l s a n d c a p a c i t i e s o f e a c h w o r k e r
D e c i s i o n D e c i s i o n D e c i s i o n D e c i s i o n a n a l y s i s
a n a l y s i s a n a l y s i s a n a l y s i s
1 . M a k e o r b u y
2 . M a k e o r s u b c o n t r a c t
3 . U s e o f a l t e r n a t i v e m a t e r i a l
4 . U s e o f a l t e r n a t i v e p r o c e s s
5 . E v o l v i n g o p t i m u m p r o d u c t m i x / j o b m i x
6 . P l a n n i n g a n d s c h e d u l i n g o f j o b s
7 . S e l e c t i o n o f p r o d u c t i o n f a c i l i t i e s
8 . S e l e c t i o n o f a l t e r n a t i v e m a i n t e n a n c e p o l i c i e s
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T h e p r o d u c t i o n m a n a g e m e n t f u n c t i o n i s r e q u i r e d t o m a k e a n u m b e r o f d e c i s i o n s f o r
l o n g t e r m a n d s h o r t t e r m p e r i o d s . T h e t y p i c a l d e c i s i o n s a r e
1 . M a k e o r b u y 2 . M a k e o r s u b - c o n t r a c t 3 . U s e o f a l t e r n a t i v e s 4 . M a k e o r b u y 5 . M a k e o r s u b - c o n t r a c t 6 . U s e o f a l t e r n a t i v e m a t e r i a l 7 . U s e o f a l t e r n a t i v e p r o c e s s 8 . E v o l v i n g o p t i m u m p r o d u c t m i x / j o b m i x 9 . R e s c h e d u l i n g a n d l o a d i n g o f j o b s 1 0 . P l a n n i n g a n d s c h e d u l i n g o f j o b s 1 1 . S e l e c t i o n o f p r o d u c t i o n f a c i l i t i e s 1 2 . S e l e c t i o n o f a l t e r n a t i v e m a i n t e n a n c e p o l i c i e s
T h e s e d e c i s i o n a n a l y s i s a p p l i c a t i o n s h e l p t o m a k e p o l i c y d e c i s i o n s o n t e c h n o -
e c o n o m i c b a s i s . T h e d e c i s i o n i m p l i c a t i o n s a r e o n c o s t , p r o d u c t i v i t y , e f f i c i e n c y , p r o p e r
u t i l i z a t i o n o f t h e m a n u f a c t u r i n g f a c i l i t y a n d u s a g e o f m a t e r i a l s a n d p h y s i c a l r e s o u r c e s .
C o n t r o l
C o n t r o l C o n t r o l
C o n t r o l
T h e s e a p p l i c a t i o n s a r e d e v e l o p e d t o c o n t r o l p r o d u c t i o n p r o g r a m m e , p r o d u c t i o n
c a p a c i t y a n d q u a l i t y o f p r o d u c t i o n . T h e o t h e r i s s u e s w i t h w h i c h t h e p r o d u c t i o n
m a n g e m e n t h a s t o d e a l , a r e u t i l i z a t i o n o f t h e p r o d u c t i o n c a p a c i t y a n d l a b o u r f o r c e . I t
h a s t o e n s u r e t h a t p l a n t , m a c h i n e s a n d e q u p i m e n t s h i n g h i g h i n v e s t m e n t i s f u l l y u t i l i z e d .
T h e r e a r e a l w a y s s o m e j o b s w h i c h h a v e t o b e p u s h e d t h r o u g h t h e p r o d u c t i o n p r o g r a m m e s b y
w a y o f s c h e d u l i n g a n d l o a d i n g t h e j o b s o n t h e m a c h i n e s . T h e r e a r e t h e a r e a s w h e r e c o n t r o l o f
t h e p r o d u c t i o n m a n a g e m e n t i s e s s e n t i a l . T h e e x c e p t i o n s w h i c h n e e d t o b e h i g h l i g h t e d a r e
1) E x c e s s i v e p r o d u c t r e j e c t i o n o n a c c o u n t o f m a t e r i a l a n d o r p r o c e s s 2) H o l d u p o f k e y j o b s b e y o n d a c e r t a i n l i m i t 3) E x c e s s i v e w o r k i n p r o c e s s i n v e n t o r y 4) C o n t i n u e d b r e a k d o w n o f t h e m a n u f a c t u r i n g f a c i l i t y b e y o n d a c e r t a i n p e r i o d 5) U t i l i z a t i o n o f k e y f a c i l i t i e s b e l o w a l i m i t
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S t a t u t o r y c o m p l i a n c e
S t a t u t o r y c o m p l i a n c e S t a t u t o r y c o m p l i a n c e
S t a t u t o r y c o m p l i a n c e
T h e r e a r e v e r y f e w a r e a s i n p r o d u c t i o n m a n a g e m e n t w h i c h r e q u i r e i n f o r m a t i o n f o r r e p o r t i n g t o
a u t h o r i t i e s u n d e r t h e c a t e g o r y o f s t a t u t o r y c o m p l i a n c e . T h e r e a r e s o m e i n d u s t r i e s w h i c h r e q u i r e
k e e p i n g t h e a c c o u n t o f r a w m a t e r i a l a n d f i n i s h e d g o o d s a n d s u b m i t t h e r e p o r t t o t h e
g o v e r n m e n t . T h e i n d u s t r i e s w h i c h a r e c l a s s i f i e d u n d e r D i r e c t o r G e n e r a l o f T e c h n i c a l
D e v e l o p m e n t a r e r e q u i r e d t o i n f o r m c e r t a i n d a t a o n p r o d u c t i o n h o u r s t o ( D G T D ) .
K n o w l e d g e U p d a t e
K n o w l e d g e U p d a t e K n o w l e d g e U p d a t e
K n o w l e d g e U p d a t e
F o r t h e p u r p o s e o f e v o l v i n g s t a n d a r d a n d n o r m s o n t h e v a r i o u s a s p e c t s o f t h e p r o d u c t i o n
f u n c t i o n a n a l y z e d i n f o r m a t i o n i s b u i l t u p i n t h e s y s t e m f o r s u b s e q u e n t u s e . F o r e x a m p l e , t h e
d a t e o n t h e d o w n t i m e o f p r o d u c t i o n f a c i l i t i e s a t y p i c a l r e a s o n f o r r e j e c t i o n o u t p u t o f v a r i o u s j o b s
v e r s u s m a c h i n e s a n d s o o n .
T h e i n f o r m a t i o n i s k e p t u p t o d a t e e n a b l i n g t h e m a n a g e r s i n t h e p r o d u c t i o n f u n c t i o n s t o p l a n t h e
p r o d u c t i o n p r o p e r l y b y u s i n g t h e s t a n d a r d s . T h e d a t a o n j o b c o m p l e t i o n t i m e h e l p s t o g i v e
c o r r e c t d e l i v e r y p r o m i s e s t o t h e c u s t o m e r . T h e d a t a o n b r e a k d o w n s c a u s e s o f b r e a k d o w n s a n d
t h e d o w n t i m e h e l p s t o a s s e s s t h e c o r r e c t a v a i l a b l e c a p a c i t y f o r p r o d u c t i o n . T h e d a t a o n
a b s e n t e e i s m h e l p s t o a s s e s s t h e a v a i l a b l e l a b o r h o u r s b y s k i l l s a n d t r a d e .
A c c o u n t i n g d e c i s i o n a n a l y s i s a n d c o n t r o l a p p l i c a t i o n s p r o v i d e a l o t o f v a l u a b l e k e y d a t a w h i c h
b u i l t t h e k n o w l e d g e b a s e f o r u s e i n t h e p r o d u c t i o n m a n a g e m e n t .
O p e r a t i o n U p d a t e
O p e r a t i o n U p d a t e O p e r a t i o n U p d a t e
O p e r a t i o n U p d a t e
T h e s e r e p o r t s p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n o n d a y t o d a y e v e n t s . T h e s t a t i s t i c s , s u c h a s t h e p r o d u c t i o n
p e r d a y , t h e r e j e c t i o n s b y p r o c e s s o r j o b , t h e m a c h i n e b r e a k d o w n s , t h e j o b s c o m p l e t e d a n d
h a n d e d o v e r f o r i n s p e c t i o n , a n d s o o n i s c o l l e c t e d a n d r e p o r t e d t o t h e c o n c e r n e d o p e r a t i n g
p e r s o n a l a s t h e l a t e s t u p d a t e .
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D e c i s i o n A n a l y s i s
D e c i s i o n A n a l y s i s D e c i s i o n A n a l y s i s
D e c i s i o n A n a l y s i s
T h e d e c i s i o n a n a l y s i s a p p l i c a t i o n s p r o v i d e t h e r e p o r t s w i t h s p e c i f i c k e y d e c i s i o n s i n t h e
p r o d u c t i o n f u n c t i o n s . T h e D e c i s i o n S u p p o r t S y s t e m s a r e e x t e n s i v e l y u s e d t o e n a b l e t h e
m a n a g e m e n t t o t a k e t h e d e c i s i o n s . T h e p r o g r a m m i n g m o d e l s , s i m u l a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s , m a t e r i a l
r e q u i r e m e n t p l a n n i n g s y s t e m , a r t i f i c i a l i n t e l l i g e n c e a n d k n o w l e d g e b a s e d s y s t e m s , p l a n n i n g a n d
s c h e d u l i n g s y s t e m s p r o v i d e c o n t i n u o u s a n a l y s i s o n m a n y i s s u e s w h i c h a f f e c t s t h e p r o d u c t i o n
f u n c t i o n . T h e a n a l y s i s t h r o u g h D S S h e l p s t o m a k e d e c i s i o n s , s u c h a s o p t i m u m p r o d u c t m i x ,
a l t e r n a t e l o a d i n g p a t t e r n , a l t e r n a t e a s s i g n m e n t s o f j o b s a n d m a c h i n e s , u s e o f a l t e r n a t e
m a t e r i a l s , t o o l s a n d p r o c e s s . S o m e o f t h e d e c i s i o n s c h a n g e o l d p r a c t i c e , c o n v e n t i o n s a n d
d e c i s i o n r u l e s . T h e y f a l l i n t h e c a t e g o r y o f s t r a t e g i c a n d t a c t i c a l d e c i s i o n s .
A c t i o n U p d a t e A c t i o n U p d a t e A c t i o n U p d a t e A c t i o n U p d a t e
T h e s e r e p o r t s p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n u p d a t e o n t h e p o s t - i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s c e n a r i o o f d e c i s i o n s . T h e
r e p o r t s i n f o r m w h e t h e r t h e d e c i s i o n h a s r e s u l t e d i n t o e x p e c t e d p e r f o r m a n c e a s d e s i g n e d . T h e
i n f o r m a t i o n p r o v i d e s k n o w l e d g e w h e t h e r t h e i m p l e m e n t e d d e c i s i o n i s p r o p e r o r n o t . I t p r o v i d e s
a n e a r l y o p p o r t u n i t y t o t h e m a n a g e m e n t t o c o r r e c t i t s o w n d e c i s i o n i f t h e e x p e c t e d r e s u l t s f a i l t o
c o m e t h r o u g h . T h e s e r e p o r t s a r e t e r m e d a s e x c e p t i o n r e p o r t s o n t h e a c t i o n s t a k e n b y t h e
m a n a g e m e n t .
F o r e x a m p l e , a n e w p r o c e s s i s e v o l v e d a n d i m p l e m e n t e d . T h e i n f o r m a t i o n o n q u a n t i t y
p r o d u c e d , q u a n t i t y r e j e c t e d , q u a l i t y l e v e l a c h i e v e d a n d i t s c o m p a r i s o n w i t h t h e e a r l i e r p r o c e s s
g i v e s i g n i f i c a n t g u i d e l i n e s t o c o n f i r m w h e t h e r d e c i s i o n t o s w i t c h o v e r t o a n e w p r o c e s s i s c o r r e c t
o r n o t . O n c e t h e a c t i o n u p d a t e c o n f i r m t h a t t h e d e c i s i o n i s c o r r e c t , i t s r e p o r t i n g w i l l b e
d i s c o n t i n u e d .
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E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y
E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y
E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y
D e c i s i o n m a k i n g
D e c i s i o n m a k i n g D e c i s i o n m a k i n g
D e c i s i o n m a k i n g i s a n i n t e g r a l p a r t o f t h e f u n c t i o n i n g o f a n y o r g a n i z a t i o n . T o f a c i l i t a t e D e c i s i o n
m a k i n g i n t h i s e v e r - c o m p e t i t i v e w o r l d i t i s i m p e r a t i v e t h a t m a n a g e r s h a v e t h e r i g h t i n f o r m a t i o n a t
t h e r i g h t t i m e t o b r i d g e t h e g a p b e t w e e n n e e d a n d e x p e c t a t i o n . T o f a c i l i t a t e b e t t e r f l o w o f
i n f o r m a t i o n a d e q u a t e M a n a g e m e n t I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s ( M I S ) M a n a g e m e n t I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s ( M I S ) M a n a g e m e n t I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s ( M I S ) M a n a g e m e n t I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s ( M I S ) i s t h e n e e d o f t h e h o u r . T h u s i t i s
i m p o r t a n t t o h a v e a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e M I S f o l l o w e d i n a n o r g a n i z a t i o n b y a l l l e v e l s o f
m a n a g e m e n t i n o r d e r t o t a k e e f f e c t i v e d e c i s i o n s .
A m a n a g e m e n t i n f o r m a t i o n s y s t e m c o l l e c t s a n d p r o c e s s e s d a t a ( i n f o r m a t i o n ) a n d p r o v i d e s i t t o
m a n a g e r s a t a l l l e v e l s w h o u s e i t f o r d e c i s i o n m a k i n g , p l a n n i n g , p r o g r a m i m p l e m e n t a t i o n , a n d
c o n t r o l . T h e M I S h a s m a n y r o l e s t o p e r f o r m l i k e t h e d e c i s i o n s u p p o r t r o l e , t h e p e r f o r m a n c e
m o n i t o r i n g r o l e a n d t h e f u n c t i o n a l s u p p o r t r o l e .
T o g e t a r e a l i s t i c a n d h o l i s t i c v i e w o f t h e M I S , w e s t u d i e d t h e M I S o f A C C L i m i t e d , w e s t u d i e d t h e M I S o f A C C L i m i t e d , w e s t u d i e d t h e M I S o f A C C L i m i t e d , w e s t u d i e d t h e M I S o f A C C L i m i t e d . T o g e t a
m o r e d e t a i l e d u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f a p a r t i c u l a r f u n c t i o n o f t h e c o m p a n y , w e s t u d i e d t h e n e e d , u s e s
a n d b e n e f i t s o f M I S w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e M a t e r i a l D e p a r t m e n t o f t h e c o m p a n y . I n v e n t o r y I n v e n t o r y I n v e n t o r y I n v e n t o r y
M a n a g e m e n t
M a n a g e m e n t M a n a g e m e n t
M a n a g e m e n t w a s o f p r i m e f o c u s i n o u r s t u d y .
A C C L i m i t e d
A C C L i m i t e d A C C L i m i t e d
A C C L i m i t e d i s o n e o f t h e f i r s t I n d i a n c o m p a n i e s t o r e a l i z e t h e p o t e n t i a l a n d i m p o r t a n c e o f
i n f o r m a t i o n t e c h n o l o g y a n d a d o p t a u t o m a t i o n a n d I T . T h e o r g a n i z a t i o n s t a r t e d c o m p u t e r i z i n g i t s
s y s t e m s a s e a r l y a s 1 9 6 8 .
T h e o r g a n i z a t i o n h a s t r a v e l e d a l o n g w a y f r o m t h e d a y s i n 1 9 6 8 w h e n i t w a s u s i n g s i m p l e
k e y p u n c h i n g m a c h i n e s . S i g n i f i c a n t i m p r o v e m e n t s h a v e b e e n m a d e i n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n s y s t e m s
a n d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e . F r o m B a t c h p r o c e s s i n g
B a t c h p r o c e s s i n g B a t c h p r o c e s s i n g
B a t c h p r o c e s s i n g t o o n
o no n
o n -
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- l i n e s y s t e m s
l i n e s y s t e m s l i n e s y s t e m s
l i n e s y s t e m s , f r o m I B M 1 4 0 1
I B M 1 4 0 1 I B M 1 4 0 1
I B M 1 4 0 1 t o t h e l a t e s t U N I X
U N I X U N I X
U N I X
a n d W i n d o w s 2 0 0 3
a n d W i n d o w s 2 0 0 3 a n d W i n d o w s 2 0 0 3
a n d W i n d o w s 2 0 0 3 b a s e d m a c h i n e s i t h a s m a d e t i m e l y t r a n s i t i o n s d e t e r m i n e d b y a v a i l a b l e
t e c h n o l o g i e s a n d b u s i n e s s r e q u i r e m e n t s . T h e M I S h a s g r e a t l y f a c i l i t a t e d a n d s y n c h r o n i z e d t h e
i n f o r m a t i o n f l o w i n t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d t h e m a n a g e m e n t f e e l s t h a t i s h a s p l a y e d a r o l e i n t h e
g r o w t h a n d i n c r e a s e d p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e c o m p a n y .
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O B J E C T I V E O F T H E S T U D Y O B J E C T I V E O F T H E S T U D Y O B J E C T I V E O F T H E S T U D Y O B J E C T I V E O F T H E S T U D Y
T h e o b j e c t i v e o f t h i s p r o j e c t i s t o s t u d y t h e M I S i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f A C C L t d . a n d w i t h t h e h e l p o f
t h i s d o m a i n , t o g e t a n i n s i g h t i n t o t h e n e e d s o f M I S i n b u s i n e s s s e t u p s o n a b i g s c a l e , v a r i o u s
f u n c t i o n s p e r f o r m e d b y t h e M I S , b e n e f i t s d e r i v e d o u t o f s u c h a s y s t e m a n d t h e r i s k s i n v o l v e d .
W e i n t e n d t o a i m o u r s t u d y a t a n a l y z i n g t h e b u s i n e s s n e e d s o f t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n , k e y c h a l l e n g e s
o r d e s i r e d f u n c t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e M I S , t h e I T s o l u t i o n t h a t i s c u r r e n t l y i m p l e m e n t e d a n d
t h e o u t c o m e o f s u c h a s y s t e m .
A C C L t d . r e q u i r e s M I S t o m a p i n t e r n a l p r o c e s s e s a n d i n t e r a c t i o n w i t h t h e e x t e r n a l e n v i r o n m e n t
t o t h e t e c h n o l o g y a n d e n s u r e t h e s o l u t i o n d e l i v e r s r e a l b e n e f i t s t o t h e b u s i n e s s .
S C O P E O F T H E S T U D Y S C O P E O F T H E S T U D Y S C O P E O F T H E S T U D Y S C O P E O F T H E S T U D Y
T h e s c o p e o f o u r s t u d y i s t o u n d e r s t a n d t h e r e a s o n s b e h i n d t h e n e e d o f M I S i n A C C . W e w i l l
d e v e l o p k n o w l e d g e o f w h a t i n f o r m a t i o n i s n e e d e d o n a r e g u l a r b a s i s f o r d e c i s i o n m a k i n g
p u r p o s e s a n d h o w i t i s s o u g h t a n d u s e d b y A C C w i t h t h e h e l p o f M I S . W e w i l l s t u d y t h e M I S
s u p p o r t t o t h e C o m p a n y a s a w h o l e w i t h s p e c i a l e m p h a s i s o n I n v e n t o r y M a n a g e m e n t p r a c t i c e d
i n t h e M a t e r i a l S t o r e s D e p a r t m e n t o f t h e c o m p a n y . T h r o u g h o u r i n t e r a c t i o n w i t h t h e e x e c u t i v e s
o f A C C L i m i t e d , w e g o t a n i n s i g h t a b o u t t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f t h e M I S i n p l a c e a t t h e
o r g a n i z a t i o n .
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C O M P A N Y P R O F I L E
C O M P A N Y P R O F I L E C O M P A N Y P R O F I L E
C O M P A N Y P R O F I L E
T H E A C C L I M I T E D
T H E A C C L I M I T E D T H E A C C L I M I T E D
T H E A C C L I M I T E D
A C C
A C CA C C
A C C ( A C C L i m i t e d ) i s I n d i a ' s f o r e m o s t m a n u f a c t u r e r o f c e m e n t a n d c o n c r e t e . A C C ' s o p e r a t i o n s
a r e s p r e a d t h r o u g h o u t t h e c o u n t r y w i t h 1 4 m o d e r n c e m e n t f a c t o r i e s , 1 3 R e a d y m i x c o n c r e t e
p l a n t s , 1 9 s a l e s o f f i c e s , a n d s e v e r a l z o n a l o f f i c e s . I t h a s a w o r k f o r c e o f a b o u t 9 0 0 0 p e r s o n s a n d
a c o u n t r y w i d e d i s t r i b u t i o n n e t w o r k o f o v e r 9 , 0 0 0 d e a l e r s . A C C ' s r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t
f a c i l i t y h a s a u n i q u e t r a c k r e c o r d o f i n n o v a t i v e r e s e a r c h , p r o d u c t d e v e l o p m e n t a n d s p e c i a l i z e d
c o n s u l t a n c y s e r v i c e s . S i n c e i t s i n c e p t i o n i n 1 9 3 6 , t h e c o m p a n y h a s b e e n a t r e n d s e t t e r a n d
i m p o r t a n t b e n c h m a r k f o r t h e c e m e n t i n d u s t r y i n r e s p e c t o f i t s p r o d u c t i o n , m a r k e t i n g a n d
p e r s o n n e l m a n a g e m e n t p r o c e s s e s . I t s c o m m i t m e n t t o e n v i r o n m e n t - f r i e n d l i n e s s , i t s h i g h e t h i c a l
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s t a n d a r d s i n b u s i n e s s d e a l i n g s a n d i t s o n - g o i n g e f f o r t s i n c o m m u n i t y w e l f a r e p r o g r a m s h a v e
w o n i t a c c l a i m a s a r e s p o n s i b l e c o r p o r a t e c i t i z e n . A C C h a s m a d e s i g n i f i c a n t c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e
n a t i o n b u i l d i n g p r o c e s s b y w a y o f q u a l i t y p r o d u c t s , s e r v i c e s a n d s h a r i n g i t s e x p e r t i s e .
I n t h e 7 0 y e a r s o f i t s e x i s t e n c e , A C C h a s b e e n a p i o n e e r i n t h e m a n u f a c t u r e o f c e m e n t a n d
c o n c r e t e a n d a t r e n d s e t t e r i n m a n y a r e a s o f c e m e n t a n d c o n c r e t e t e c h n o l o g y i n c l u d i n g
i m p r o v e m e n t s i n r a w m a t e r i a l u t i l i z a t i o n , p r o c e s s i m p r o v e m e n t , e n e r g y c o n s e r v a t i o n a n d
d e v e l o p m e n t o f h i g h p e r f o r m a n c e c o n c r e t e s .
A C C s b r a n d n a m e i s s y n o n y m o u s w i t h c e m e n t a n d e n j o y s a h i g h l e v e l o f e q u i t y i n t h e I n d i a n
m a r k e t . I t i s t h e o n l y c e m e n t c o m p a n y t h a t f i g u r e s i n t h e l i s t o f C o n s u m e r S u p e r B r a n d s o f I n d i a .
T h e c o m p a n y ' s v a r i o u s b u s i n e s s e s a r e s u p p o r t e d b y a p o w e r f u l , i n - h o u s e r e s e a r c h a n d
t e c h n o l o g y b a c k u p f a c i l i t y - t h e o n l y o n e o f i t s k i n d i n t h e I n d i a n c e m e n t i n d u s t r y . T h i s e n s u r e s
n o t j u s t c o n s i s t e n c y i n p r o d u c t q u a l i t y b u t a l s o c o n t i n u o u s i m p r o v e m e n t s i n p r o d u c t s ,
p r o c e s s e s , a n d a p p l i c a t i o n a r e a s .
A C C h a s r i c h e x p e r i e n c e i n m i n i n g , b e i n g t h e l a r g e s t u s e r o f l i m e s t o n e , a n d i t i s a l s o o n e o f t h e
p r i n c i p a l u s e r s o f c o a l . A s t h e l a r g e s t c e m e n t p r o d u c e r i n I n d i a , i t i s o n e o f t h e b i g g e s t
c u s t o m e r s o f t h e I n d i a n R a i l w a y s , a n d t h e f o r e m o s t u s e r o f t h e r o a d t r a n s p o r t n e t w o r k s e r v i c e s
f o r i n w a r d a n d o u t w a r d m o v e m e n t o f m a t e r i a l s a n d p r o d u c t s .
A C C h a s a l s o e x t e n d e d i t s s e r v i c e s o v e r s e a s t o t h e M i d d l e E a s t , A f r i c a , a n d S o u t h A m e r i c a ,
w h e r e i t h a s p r o v i d e d t e c h n i c a l a n d m a n a g e r i a l c o n s u l t a n c y t o a v a r i e t y o f c o n s u m e r s , a n d a l s o
h e l p s i n t h e o p e r a t i o n a n d m a i n t e n a n c e o f c e m e n t p l a n t s a b r o a d .
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A C C d e m o n s t r a t e s t h e p r a c t i c e s o f b e i n g a g o o d c o r p o r a t e c i t i z e n u n d e r t a k i n g a w i d e r a n g e o f
a c t i v i t i e s t o i m p r o v e t h e l i v i n g c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e u n d e r - p r i v i l e g e d c l a s s e s l i v i n g n e a r i t s f a c t o r i e s .
O R G A N I Z A T I O N A L S T R U C T U R E O F T H E A C C L T D .
O R G A N I Z A T I O N A L S T R U C T U R E O F T H E A C C L T D . O R G A N I Z A T I O N A L S T R U C T U R E O F T H E A C C L T D .
O R G A N I Z A T I O N A L S T R U C T U R E O F T H E A C C L T D .
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I N V E N T O R Y M A N A G E M E N T
I N V E N T O R Y M A N A G E M E N T I N V E N T O R Y M A N A G E M E N T
I N V E N T O R Y M A N A G E M E N T
A p r o d u c t t h a t i s i n e x c e s s i v e d e m a n d i s u s u a l l y e x t r e m e l y d i f f i c u l t t o m a n a g e . S u p p l y i n g t h e
r i g h t a m o u n t o f p r o d u c t s i m p l i e s t h a t a n a c c u r a t e d e m a n d f o r e c a s t i s e s s e n t i a l . T h i s i m p a c t s t h e
e n t i r e s u p p l y c h a i n t o f a c i l i t a t e e f f i c i e n t c o n s u m e r r e s p o n s e b a s e d o n c o n s u m e r d e m a n d s i t
b e c o m e s i m p e r a t i v e t h a t s u c h c o m p a n i e s c o n s i d e r i n v e n t o r y m a n a g e m e n t s e r i o u s l y . M a k i n g
a c c u r a t e d e m a n d a n d s u p p l y p r e d i c t i o n s i s a n i d e a l s i t u a t i o n t h a t a n y o n e i n t h e s u p p l y c h a i n
m a n a g e m e n t a r e n a c o u l d d r e a m o f f .
B y p r o v i d i n g t i m e l y a c c u r a t e i n f o r m a t i o n p e r t a i n i n g t o i n v e n t o r y l o c a t i o n , m o v e m e n t a n d
v a l u a t i o n , r e c e i p t o f g o o d s , s a l e a n d r e t u r n o f g o o d s a n d p r o f i t s y o u c a n m a k e s u r e t h a t y o u r
i n v e n t o r y i s v i s i b l e t h r o u g h o u t a n e t w o r k .
W i t h i n v e n t o r y m a n a g e m e n t y o u c a n s e t y o u r p r o d u c t c a t a l o g t o h i d e p r o d u c t s t h a t a r e n o t i n
s t o c k , o r c h a n g e p r i c e s b a s e d o n t h e a m o u n t o f p r o d u c t s a v a i l a b l e i n t h e w a r e h o u s e . T h e
q u a n t i t y a v a i l a b l e c a n b e d i s p l a y e d t o t h e s h o p p e r a n d t h i s c a n p r e v e n t u n n e c e s s a r y c o n f u s i o n
w h e n t h e s h o p p e r a d d s i t e m s n o t a v a i l a b l e t o a s h o p p i n g c a r t . T h e s t o r e b u y e r c a n b e
a u t o m a t i c a l l y n o t i f i e d a b o u t l o w i n v e n t o r y l e v e l s .
I T ( I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y ) i s a k e y e n a b l e r i n t h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f p u r c h a s i n g i n t o a s t r a t e g i c
b u s i n e s s f u n c t i o n . T h e c h a l l e n g e i s t o f i n d a w a y t o p u t t h e s e t e c h n o l o g i e s t o u s e a n d c r e a t e
v a l u e a n d c o m p e t i t i v e a d v a n t a g e .
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T h e M a i n O b j e c t i v e s i n I n v e n t o r y M a n a g e m e n t a r e : T h e M a i n O b j e c t i v e s i n I n v e n t o r y M a n a g e m e n t a r e : T h e M a i n O b j e c t i v e s i n I n v e n t o r y M a n a g e m e n t a r e : T h e M a i n O b j e c t i v e s i n I n v e n t o r y M a n a g e m e n t a r e :
I m p r o v e d c u s t o m e r
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