Download - CONTEXTUALIZATION MODULE OVERVIEW...4 CONTEXTUALIZATION MODULE // Day 2 SEQUENCE OF INSTRUCTION CLASS ACTIVITY 1 of 5: WARM UP/INTRODUCTION WARM UP/INTRODUCTION (10 MINUTES): WHOLE

CONTEXTUALIZATIONMODULEDay21

CONTEXTUALIZATIONMODULEOVERVIEWSKILLCONTEXTUALIZATION CONTENTAPWORLDCF KEYCONCEPT63 ThismodulefocusesoncontextualizationthroughanexaminationofSouthandNorthKoreaThetwoactivitiesleadtowardadocument-basedquestion(DBQ)thathasstudentsevaluatetheextenttowhichtheColdWaraffectedeconomicandtechnologicaldevelopment

AftertheKoreanWar(1950-1953)theroleofthestateinthedomesticeconomyvariedandnewinstitutionsofglobalassociationsemergedandcontinuedtodevelopthroughoutthetwentiethcentury

DAY1

TowhatextentisSouthKoreaamanufacturingorinformationeconomy

CLASSACTIVITYBoxProtocolMysterySourceAnalysisStudentswork collaboratively tobetter understand the current context surrounding SouthKorean economic development Students will examine secondary sources to develop anunderstandingofSouthKorearsquoseconomicandtechnologicaldevelopmentsincomparisontootherstates

AP-ALIGNEDASSESSMENTLongEssayQuestionLong Essay QuestionmdashThesis and Contextualization Students will evaluate the extent towhichtheAPCourseFrameworkspecificallyKeyConcept63IEaccuratelyexplainsKoreanhistoricaldevelopmentsinthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies

DAY2

HowareNorthandSouthKoreaimpactedbytheColdWareconomicliberalizationandInformationAgetechnologicaldevelopments

CLASSACTIVITYPairedSourcesaboutNorthandSouthKoreaStudents work collaboratively to investigate the impact of the Cold War economicliberalizationandtheInformationAgeonNorthandSouthKoreaStudentswillreadpairedsourcesoneonNorthKoreaandoneonSouthKoreatocomparetheresponsesofeachtothethreetwentieth-andtwenty-first-centuryhistoricaldevelopments

AP-ALIGNEDASSESSMENTShortAnswerQuestionShort Answer Question(s) Students will answer questions about how the Cold WareconomicliberalizationandtheInformationAgeaffectedNorthandSouthKoreaandhowthecountriesrespondedtoeachhistoricaldevelopment

DAY3

CLASSACTIVITYTeachingtheDocument-BasedQuestionStudents can write (andor peer grade) an AP-aligned DBQ A set of annotated ScoringGuidelinesareprovidedfortheteacherandorstudenttouseinassessingstudentworkandofferingfeedback

AP-ALIGNEDASSESSMENTDocument-BasedQuestionDocument-BasedQuestionEvaluatetheextent towhichtheColdWaraffectedeconomicandtechnologicaldevelopment


CONTEXTUALIZATIONMODULESOURCES

DAY1

AUTHOR SOURCE DATE

1 KWLFChaebols20172 AhnChoong-yongExcerptfromKoreaRagstoRiches20123 KWLFArticleonSouthKoreanindustry20184 KWLFArticleonSouthKoreantechnologicalinnovations20185 KWLFArticleonSouthKoreantechnologyandculture20186 KWLFArticleonSouthKoreannationalimageindex2018

DAY2

AUTHOR SOURCE DATE

1 KimIl-sungSpeechonNorthKoreaneconomicdevelopment19552 SyngmanRheeLettertoPresidentEisenhower19533 KimIl-sungSpeechtotheCommunistParty19564 EdwardGrahamExcerptfromReformingKorearsquosIndustrialConglomerates20035 ChoeSang-HunArticleonNorthKoreannuclearprogram20176 KimDae-jungSpeechPresidentialInauguralAddress19987 GovrsquotofNorthKoreaOfficialStatementonGovernmentWebsite20188 TKarakoampWRumbaughGraphNorthKoreanNuclearMissiles20179 GovrsquotofSouthKoreaChartSouthKoreanInternetUsage2004

DAY3

AUTHOR SOURCE DATE

1 WangLiuyingetalPropagandaposteroneconomicadvances19582 DwightEisenhowerSpeechonthemilitary-industrialcomplex19613 WilliamFulbrightSpeechonUSforeignpolicy19654 CIAIntelligenceReportonGhana19715 CIAIntelligenceReportonNorthandSouthKorea19726 MikhailGorbachevNotesfromaPolitburomeeting19887 USStateDepartmentChartsNorthandSouthKoreaMilitarySpending2017


DAY 2 BASEDONA60-MINUTECLASS

LessonQuestionHowareNorthandSouthKoreaimpactedbytheColdWareconomicliberalizationandInformationAgetechnological

developments

APCURRICULUMFRAMEWORKREFERENCE KeyConcept63mdashAftertheKoreanWar(1950-1953)theroleofthestateinthedomesticeconomyvariedandnewinstitutionsofglobalassociationsemergedandcontinuedtodevelopthroughoutthetwentiethcentury

I StatesrespondedinavarietyofwaystotheeconomicchallengesofthetwentiethcenturyA IncommuniststatessuchastheSovietUnionandChinagovernmentscontrolledthenationaleconomiesoftenthrough

repressivepoliciesandwithnegativerepercussionsfortheirpopulations[NorthKorea]C InnewindependentstatesafterWorldWarIIgovernmentsoftentookonastrongeconomicroleguidingeconomiclifeto

promotedevelopment[NorthandSouthKorea]D InatrendacceleratedbytheendoftheColdWarmanygovernmentsencouragedfree-marketeconomicpoliciesand

promotedeconomicliberalizationinthelatetwentiethcentury[SouthKorea]E Inthelatetwentiethcenturyrevolutionsininformationandcommunicationstechnologyledtogrowthofknowledge

economiesinsomeregionswhileindustrialproductionandmanufacturingwereincreasinglysituatedindevelopingeconomiesincludingthePacificRimandLatinAmerica[SouthKorea]

HistoricalReasoningSkillContextualization

OVERVIEW

ThisactivityisdesignedtoengagestudentsinananalysisoftheimpactoftheColdWareconomicliberalizationandInformationAgetechnologicaldevelopmentsonNorthandSouthKoreandevelopmentStudentsshouldhavegeneralknowledgeofeachofthethreehistoricaldevelopmentsmentionedaboveStudentswillworkincollaborativepairsonananalysisofoneofthreesetsofpairedsourcesEachsetexploresoneofthethreehistoricaldevelopmentsmdashtheColdWareconomicliberalizationortheInformationAgemdashthroughNorthandSouthKoreansourcesInthesecondstageofthelessonstudentpairswilljoinotherpairstodevelopashortpresentationtosharetheirlearningAttheconclusionofthelessonstudentswilldemonstratetheirlearningbywritingresponsestoShortAnswerQuestions(SAQs)TeachersshouldnotethatstudentsareinitiallydividedintopairswithonlyonesetofsourcestoallowfordeeperexplorationofonehistoricaldevelopmentThelessoncouldbeextendedtoallowpairstoexploreallthreehistoricaldevelopmentsiftimepermitsThesourceswilldemonstratehowNorthandSouthKorearespondedtothelargerhistoricaldevelopmentsoftheperiodForinstancethoughthesecondhistoricaldevelopmentiseconomicliberalizationtheNorthKoreanreactionwastorejectthistrendandfocusinsteadoncontinuedcentralplanningaccordingtocommunistcommand-economyprincipleswhileSouthKoreaintroducedelementsofcentralplanningandstatecoordinationontoacapitalistframeworkTheInformationAgesourceslikewisereflectthedistinctdifferencesbetweenthetypesoftechnologyonwhichNorthandSouthKoreafocused

MATERIALSNEEDEDFOR

In-ClassActivity(p8)bull KoreaContextualizationGraphic(p8)bull PairedSources1(ColdWar)(pp9-10)bull PairedSources2(EconomicLiberalization)(pp12-14)bull PairedSources3(InformationAge)(pp17-22)

bull StudentGraphicOrganizerhandout(pp23-24)bull Butcherchartorposterpaper

AssessmentShortanswerquestions(pp25-28)


SEQUENCEOFINSTRUCTION

CLASSACTIVITY1of5WARMUPINTRODUCTION

WARMUPINTRODUCTION(10MINUTES)

WHOLEGROUPDISCUSSION

Studentswillparticipateinawhole-groupdiscussionoftheKoreaContextualizationGraphic(p8)

1 Teacherswillaskstudentstoexplaineachofthethreehistoricaldevelopmentsintheirownwordsbasedonpriorlearning

a ColdWarthestateofheightenedgeopoliticaltensionandrivalriesbetweenalliesoftheUnitedStatesandthoseoftheSovietUnionbetween1947and1991

b EconomicLiberalizationaglobaltrendtowarddecreasinggovernmentregulationandoversightofnationaleconomiesthatbeganafterWorldWarIIandincreasedaftertheendoftheColdWarinthe1990s

c InformationAgethetwenty-first-centuryshiftineconomicdevelopmentfromtraditionalindustrialproductiontoeconomiesbasedoninformationtechnologies

2 NextteacherswillaskstudentstospeculateontherelationshipbetweenthesethreedevelopmentsTeacherswillnotethetwo-directionalarrowslinkingthedevelopmentalconceptsinthegraphicandaskstudents

a Doesonedevelopmentalconceptcausetheother

b Doesoneconcepthaveagreatimpactthantheother

c Dotheconceptsshareasymbioticrelationship

3ThirdteacherswillaskstudentstoexplainintheirresponsestheextenttowhichtheyfeelthesethreedevelopmentscouldexplainpoliticalandeconomicdevelopmentgloballyormorespecificallyinNorthandSouthKoreainthetwentiethcentury

Teaching Tip Theemphasisofthiswarm-upactivityisforstudentstospeculateontherelativeimportanceofeachofthesehistoricaldevelopmentsonthetwentiethcenturyPriorknowledgeofeachisnecessaryIfstudentsareunfamiliarwithanyofthe

threeteachersmightneedtomodeltheprocessbyprovidingabasicoverviewsuchas

TheColdWarsetthestageforeconomicdevelopmentfocusedonmilitarysuperioritywhichincreasinglyrequiredadvancedtechnologicaldevelopmentAspublicandprivateentitiespushedforhigh-techmilitaryapplicationsconsumeroffshootssuchastheinternetchangedeconomiestowardinformationtechnologiesAstheColdWarendedgovernmentsremovedthemselvesmoreandmorefromtheeconomyleadingtoliberalizedeconomiesdominatedbyprivatecorporationsseekingtodevelopmoreprofitableInformationAgetechnologies

AtthispointthefocusofthediscussionshouldbeglobalmacroratherthanspecifictoKorea

CLASSACTIVITY2OF5PAIREDHISTORICALDEVELOPMENTSOURCES

SOURCEINVESTIGATION(20MINUTES)


WorkingincollaborativepairsstudentswillexploreoneofthethreesetsofpairedsourcesEachsetexploresoneofthethreehistoricaldevelopmentsmdashtheColdWarPairedSources(pp9-10)EconomicLiberalizationPairedSources(pp12-14)ortheInformationAgePairedSources(pp17-22)mdashandincludesNorthandSouthKoreansources

1 Studentpairsshouldreadbothsourcesintheirassignedsetthendiscusshowtheyseetheirassignedhistoricaldevelopmentreflectedineachsource

2 StudentsshouldusetheStudentGraphicOrganizer(pp23-24)torecord

a generalinformationtohelpwithreadingcomprehension

b specificevidencerelatedtothehistoricaldevelopment

c informationfromtheirknowledgeofhistorythatfurthersupportsthehistoricaldevelopment

d similaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheNorthandSouthKoreanexperienceorresponsetothehistoricaldevelopmentincludingpossiblereasonsforthesesimilaritiesordifferences

Teacher Notes

StudentsaresplitintopairswithonlyonesetofsourcestoallowfordeeperexplorationofonehistoricaldevelopmentThesourceswilldemonstratehowNorthandSouthKorearespondedtothelargerhistoricaldevelopmentsoftheperiodForinstancethoughthesecondhistoricaldevelopmentiseconomicliberalizationtheNorthKoreanreactionistorejectthistrendandfocusinsteadoncontinuedcentralplanningaccordingtocommunistcommand-economyprincipleswhiletheSouthintroduceselementsofcentralplanningandstatecoordinationontoacapitalistframeworkTheInformationAgesourceslikewisereflectthedistinctdifferencesbetweenthetypesoftechnologyonwhichNorthandSouthKoreafocused

Teaching Tip

ThelessoncouldbeextendedtoallowpairstoexploreallthreehistoricaldevelopmentsThegraphicorganizercanbecopiedformultiplesourcesasneeded

CLASSACTIVITY3of5HISTORICALDEVELOPMENTPRESENTATIONS

PRESENTATIONS(20MINUTES)WhenstudentpairshavecompletedthegraphicorganizerteachersshoulddividetheclassintothreelargergroupstocombineallpairsthathavereadthesamesourcesEachlargergroupwillchooseaspokespersontopresentasummaryoftheirsourcestothewholeclassIftimeallowsstudentscouldalsomakequickpostersorusetheirgraphicorganizersasvisualaidsinshortpresentationsThepresentationshouldinclude

bull ageneralsummaryofeachsourceincludingmainideaandauthorbackgroundasneeded

bull anexplanationofhoweachsourcedemonstratesthehistoricaldevelopment


bull anexplanationofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheNorthandSouthKoreanexperience

Studentsshouldusetheirgraphicorganizertorecordkeyobservationandevidenceforeachhistoricaldevelopment

Teacher Notes

Theintentofthelarge-grouppresentationistoexposeallstudentstoallthreehistoricaldevelopmentsandtheNorthandSouthKoreanexperienceduringtheperiodThisexposurewillallowthemtodemonstratetheirunderstandingontheShortAnswerQuestionassessmentsthatfollow

Teaching Tip

BeparticularlyawareoftimeduringthisphaseofthelessonStudentsneedtoberemindedoftimeconstraintsandtheneedtocapturecommonlearningquicklytopresenttoothergroupsDuetotimeconstraintsposter-typevisualaidsshouldbe

quickandtothepointnotpolishedworksofartReserveenoughtimeforstudentstolistento(orgallerywalk)theothertwogroupsrsquofindingsAsstudentsusetheirgraphicorganizerstorecordpertinentinformationontheothertwohistoricaldevelopmentstheycandifferentiatebetweenthethreegroupsrsquofindingsbyusingdifferentcoloredpensorpencilsforeach

CLASSACTIVITY4OF5DEBRIEF

DEBRIEF(10MINUTES)StillworkingasawholeclassstudentswillreturntotheKoreaContextualizationGraphic(p8)fromthelessonwarm-upTeacherswillaskstudentswhichhistoricaldevelopmentbestexplainsthehistoryofthetwentiethcenturyinNorthandSouthKorea

Teacher Notes

Thisdebriefrequiresstudentstotaketheirthinkingtotheevaluativelevelafterspendingmostoftheactivityinanalysismode

CLASSACTIVITY5OF5ASSESSMENTCHECKFORUNDERSTANDING

TYPEOFASSESSMENTSHORTANSWERQUESTION(SAQ)EachSAQcontainspairedpassages


abouteachofthethreehistoricaldevelopments

TeachershavethreeoptionsforwhentocompletethefinaltaskmdashtheSAQassessment(pp25-28)iftimepermitsthiscanbecompletedattheendoftheclassoritcanbeassignedashomeworkoritcanbecompletedatthebeginningofthenextclassperiodTeacherscanelecttohavestudentscompletetheSAQonthehistoricaldevelopmenttheystudiedinclassorassignthemadifferenthistoricaldevelopmentfortheSAQScoringguidesforeachsetareincludedbelow

SAQ1ndashColdWarScoringGuide(p29)

SAQ2ndashEconomicLiberalizationScoringGuide(p30)

SAQ3-InformationAgeScoringGuide(p31)


IN-CLASSACTIVITYMATERIALS

KOREACONTEXTUALIZATIONGRAPHIC

PART1

Basedonyourpriorknowledgebrieflydescribeeachofthesetwentieth-andtwenty-first-centuryhistoricaldevelopments

PART2

NotethearrowslinkingeachhistoricaldevelopmentDiscussthefollowing

bull Doesonedevelopmentcausetheother

bull Doesonedevelopmenthaveagreaterimpactthantheothers

bull Dothedevelopmentsshareasymbioticrelationship

bull Howwouldyoudisplaytherelationshipdifferently

PART3

ExplaintheextenttowhichthesethreedevelopmentscouldexplainthetwentiethcenturygloballyormorespecificallyinNorthandSouthKorea

ColdWar

EconomicLiberalization

InformationAge


PAIREDSOURCES1

Howdoesthisdocumentreflectorrespondtooneormoreofthesetwentieth-andtwenty-first-centuryhistoricaldevelopmentstheColdWareconomicliberalizationortheInformationAge

Document

KimIl-sungldquoOnEliminatingDogmatismandFormalismandEstablishingJuche[Chuchrsquoe]inIdeologicalWorkrdquo(speech)1955

Annotation

KimIl-sungwastheleaderofNorthKoreafromitsfoundingin1948untilhisdeathin1994KimfoughttheJapaneseasamemberoftheChineseCommunistPartyandbeginninginWorldWarIIworkedcloselywiththeSovietUnionAftertheKoreanWarKimsoughttoexerciseindependentactionwithintheCommunistbloctoasserthisauthorityandconsolidatepoweragainstrivalswithinKoreawhowerealignedmorecloselywiththeSovietsortheChineseTodemonstratethisindependenceKimusesthetermJuchethroughoutthesourceJucheliterallytranslatestoldquoself-reliancerdquobutbecamethebackboneideologyofNorthKoreaasitcontinueditsevolutionintoacommuniststate

TodayIwanttoaddressafewremarkstoyouontheshortcomingsinourPartysideologicalworkandonhowtoeliminatetheminthefuture

AsyoulearnedatyesterdayssessiontherehavebeenseriousideologicalerrorsontheliteraryfrontItisobviousthenthatourpropagandaworkalsocannothavebeenfaultless

Itistoberegrettedthatourpropagandaworksuffersinmanyrespectsfromdogmatismandformalism

TheprincipalshortcomingsinideologicalworkarethefailuretodelvedeeplyintoallmattersandthelackofJucheItmaynotbepropertosayJucheislackingbutinfactithasnotyetbeenfirmlyestablishedThisisaseriousmatterWemustthoroughlyrectifythisshortcomingUnlessthisproblemissolvedwecannothopeforgoodresultsinideologicalwork

WhydoesourideologicalworksufferfromdogmatismandformalismAndwhydoourpropagandistsandagitatorsfailtogodeeplyintomattersonlyembellishingthefaccediladeandwhydotheymerelycopyandmemorizeforeignthingsinsteadofworkingcreativelyThisoffersusfoodforseriousreflection

WhatisJucheinourPartysideologicalworkWhatarewedoingWearenotengagedinanyothercountrysrevolutionbutpreciselyintheKoreanrevolutionThistheKoreanrevolutionconstitutesJucheintheideologicalworkofourPartyThereforeallideologicalworkmustbesubordinatedtotheinterestsoftheKoreanrevolutionWhenwestudythehistoryoftheCommunistPartyoftheSovietUnionthehistoryoftheChineserevolutionortheuniversaltruthofMarxism-Leninismitisallforthepurposeofcorrectlycarryingoutourownrevolution

[hellip]


TomakerevolutioninKoreawemustknowKoreanhistoryandgeographyandknowthecustomsoftheKoreanpeopleOnlythenisitpossibletoeducateourpeopleinawaythatsuitsthemandtoinspireinthemanardentlovefortheirnativeplaceandtheirmotherland

Itisofparamountimportancetostudyandwidelypublicizeamongtheworkingpeoplethehistoryofourcountryandofourpeoplesstruggle[hellip]Onlywhenourpeopleareeducatedinthehistoryoftheirownstruggleanditstraditionscantheirnationalpridebestimulatedandthebroadmassesbearousedtotherevolutionarystruggle

YetmanyofourfunctionariesareignorantofourcountryshistoryandsodonotstrivetodiscoverandcarryforwarditsfinetraditionsUnlessthisiscorrecteditwillleadinthelongruntothenegationofKoreanhistory

[hellip]

InschoolstoothereisatendencytoneglectlecturesonKoreanhistory[hellip]Inourpropagandaandagitationworktherearenumerousexamplesofextollingonlyforeignthingswhileslightingourown

OnceIvisitedaPeoplesArmyvacationhomewhereapictureoftheSiberiansteppewashungThatlandscapeprobablypleasestheRussiansButtheKoreanpeoplepreferthebeautifulsceneryofourowncountryTherearebeautifulmountainssuchasMtsKumgang-sanandMyohyang-saninourcountrythereareclearstreamstheblueseawithitsrollingwavesandthefieldswithripeningcropsIfwearetoinspireinourPeoplesArmymenalovefortheirnativeplaceandtheircountrywemustshowthemmanypicturesofsuchlandscapesofourcountry[hellip]InoticedinaprimaryschoolthatalltheportraitshangingonthewallswereofforeignerssuchasMayakovskyPushkinetcandtherewerenoneofKoreansIfchildrenareeducatedinthiswayhowcantheybeexpectedtohavenationalpride[hellip]

Weshouldstudyourownthingsinearnestandbeversedinthem[hellip]

ItisimportantinourworktograsprevolutionarytruthMarxist-LeninisttruthandapplyitcorrectlytotheactualconditionsofourcountryTherecanbenosetprinciplethatwemustfollowtheSovietpatternSomeadvocatetheSovietwayandotherstheChinesebutitisnothightimetoworkoutourown

ThepointisthatweshouldnotmechanicallycopyformsandmethodsoftheSovietUnionbutshouldlearnfromitsexperienceinstruggleandMarxist-LeninisttruthSowhilelearningfromtheexperienceoftheSovietUnionwemustputstressnotontheformsbutonlearningtheessenceofitsexperience[hellip]

JustcopyingtheformsusedbyothersinsteadoflearningMarxist-Leninisttruthbringsusnogoodonlyharm

BothinrevolutionarystruggleandinconstructionworkweshouldfirmlyadheretoMarxist-Leninistprinciplesapplyingtheminacreativemannertosuitthespecificconditionsofourcountryandournationalcharacteristics

IfwemechanicallyapplyforeignexperiencedisregardingthehistoryofourcountryandthetraditionsofourpeopleandwithouttakingaccountofourownrealitiesandlevelofpreparednessofourpeopledogmaticerrorswillresultandmuchharmwillbedonetotherevolutionarycauseTodosoisnotfidelitytoMarxism-Leninismnortointernationalismitrunscountertothem[hellip]

S o u r c e M a r x i s t s I n t e r n e t A r c h i v e



Document

SyngmanRheeThePresidentoftheRepublicofKoreatoPresidentEisenhowerrdquoletterJuly271953httpsdigitalarchivewilsoncenterorgdocument116205pdfv=99d3060b7a7faed3620e034bb2becd4b

Annotation

SyngmanRheewaspresidentoftheRepublicofSouthKoreafromitsfoundingin1948through1960HespentmuchoftheearlytwentiethcenturyinexileintheUnitedStatesduetohispoliticalactivitiesinoppositiontotheAncientRegimeinKoreaandthenJapaneseoccupationAttheendofWorldWarIIRheereturnedtoKoreaandassumedaleadingroleintheSouthHewaselectedtofourtermsaspresidentbutresignedamidprotestsatallegedelectoralcorruptionandspenttheremainingfiveyearsofhislifeagaininexileintheUnitedStates

Confidential

MyDearMrPresident

IhavemuchforwhichtobegratefultoyouandmuchcausetorejoicethatinthesedesperatedaysourbeleaguerednationhasfoundsogoodafriendYourgreatgenerosityinrushingthroughthislastweekoftheCongressionalsessionanimmediateappropriationoftwohundredmilliondollarstospeedourreconstructionisappreciatedfromthedepthsofourheartsYourconsiderateunderstandingofmypositionduringthesemostdifficultdayshasbeenaheartwarmingexperienceformeButaboveallIwanttothankyouandtocongratulateyouforthestatesmanlikevisionwithwhichyouhavebroughttherelationshipsofyourpowerfulnationandofourweakeroneontoabasisofhonestmutualityandtwo-waycooperationNothingcoulddomoretoreassurethedisillusionedpeoplesoftheFarEastthattheremaybedawninganewdaywhentheyneednomorefeartherevivaloftheoldandhatederaofWesternColonialism

WiththesigningofthetruceonephaseofourproblemendsandanotherbeginsIamlookingforwardwithhopefulnesstomymeetingsoonwithMrDullesWewillhavemanytrialsinthefutureandthereismuchtobeaccomplishedYouhavelaboredwithgreatpatienceandgreatskilltobringaboutthesigningofthetruceIpraywithallmysoulthatyourhopesfromitmaybefulfilledandyourstatesmanlikeobjectiveoftheunificationofKoreamaybeobtainedinpeaceNeverinallmylifehaveIhopedsomuchthatmyownjudgmentshouldprovetobewrong

WithassurancesofrenewedappreciationandcordialfriendshipIam

Sincerelyyours

SyngmanRhee

U s e d w i t h p e r m i s s i o n f r o m W o o d r o w W i l s o n I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r S c h o l a r s h t t p s w w w w i l s o n c e n t e r o r g


PAIREDSOURCES2


Document

ThirdPartyCongressoftheKoreanWorkersPartyheldfrom24to30April1956April241956httpsdigitalarchivewilsoncenterorgdocument112729pdfv=5b49c743a8e15925ad163a9927129704

NoteThisdocumentcontainsbothKimIl-sungrsquosremarksandtheminutesofaspeechbyKimDu-bong

Annotation

KimIl-sungwastheleaderofNorthKoreafromitsfoundingin1948untilhisdeathin1994KimfoughttheJapaneseasamemberoftheChineseCommunistPartyandbeginninginWorldWarIIworkedcloselywiththeSovietUnionAftertheKoreanWarKimsoughttoexerciseindependentactionwithintheCommunistbloctoasserthisauthorityandconsolidatepoweragainstrivalswithinKoreawhowerealignedmorecloselywiththeSovietsortheChineseKimDu-bongwasonesuchrivalwhowasanearlyleaderoftheNorthKoreanWorkerrsquosPartyduringitstimeinChinabeforeindependencefromJapanHewaslaterexpelledfromNorthKoreabyKimil-sungin1957

[RemarksbyKimIl-sung]

Marxism-LeninismisteachingusthatinnerideologicalpurityandorganizationalunityhastobethehighestprincipleofthepartyOurpartyhasalwaysobservedthisprincipleandledapermanentstruggleagainstallformsoffactionalismlocalismandliberalismAtthethirdexpandedsessionofNorthKoreasOrganizationCommitteeinDecember1945theCommunistPartyofKoreahadalreadybegunthisstruggleThispathleadstowardstheunmaskinganddiscipliningoftheagentsofAmericanimperialismandenemiesoftheKoreanpeoplePakHeon-yeong[PakHonYong]andRiSeung-yeop[RiSungYop]andtheirclique

ThecliqueofPakHeon-yeonginfiltratedourpartyalreadyearlyonItwashidingitsevilintentionsandthusinflictedgreatdamageonourrevolutionarymovementThroughitscriminalactivityanditsfactionalstruggleitcompletelydestroyedtheorganizationofourpartyinSouthKoreaItsplitthepartyinmanypartsfacilitatedtheestablishmentofsmallgroupsandpropagateditsapproachbymakingmuchloudnoiseonldquotraditionrdquoTheycalledtheirldquofangrouprdquo[followers]ldquolightofthelampinthedarknightrdquoandldquoclearwaterinamurkystreamrdquowhileinvokingthetraditionoftheKoreanrevolutionBysupportingallgroupswithinthepartyinSouthKoreatheysucceededincamouflagingandhidingtheircriminalintentionsThustheyledthepartyorganizationinSouthKoreaontothepathofdecline

WhenthecliquethencametoNorthKoreatheycontinuedwiththeircriminalactivitiesDuringthehardtimesofthewartheyactivatedtheirmeasuresdestroyedtherevolutionaryforcesinSouthKoreaandattemptedtodothesameintheNorthTheytriedtoweakenourpartyfromwithinandseparateitfromthepeoplersquosmassesYetourfirmlyweldedandstrongpartyunmaskedtheirsplittistanddestructiveactivitiesandsmashedthecliqueDuring


thecourseofthisstruggleourpartyrepulsedtheattacksbytheAmericanimperialistsandtheSyngmanRheecliqueItwashighlyimportantforgainingthisvictoryandthesuccessesinthepeacefulperiod[aftertheendofthewar]thatourpartystrictlyadheredtoideologicalandorganizationalprinciplesofMarxism-Leninismandfollowedtheguidelineofcollectiveleadership

Initsstruggleourpartyalwayslistenedtothepeoplersquosmassesfollowedtheirwishesanddemandsanddideverythinginordertoprovideahappylifeforthepeoplesmasses

DuringthewarthethirdfourthandfifthplenumoftheCentralCommitteeofourpartyplayedmajorrolesIfwehadnotconvenedthesemeetingswecouldnothaveovercomethedifficultiesofthewarWealsocouldnothaveintimeunmaskedandliquidatedtheinfluenceofthetreasonousgroupofFeOnI[]andthecliqueofPakHeon-yeongandRiSeung-yeop

AfterthewarourpartycontinueditsstruggleinthesamewayMistakesthatweremadeintheprocessofbuyingupgrainwerequicklydiscoveredandcorrectedThelawonagriculturaltributeswasimprovedProposalscomingfromtheworkingpeoplewerethoroughlyreviewedandexaminedDuringallthosemeasuresthecollectivityoftheleadershipwasalwaysmaintained

[MinutesofaSpeechbyKimDu-bong]

ThenKimDu-bongtalkedaboutroleandcharacterofthepeoplersquospower(iethegovernment)inNorthKoreaHereferredtodemocraticreformsitimplementedthedemocratizationofthelawsthecreationofthepeoplersquosarmyandthestruggleagainstcapitalistandotherreactionaryforcesduringthecourseofimplementingallthosemeasuresHetalkedabouttheeducationofthepeoplersquosmassesinthisstruggleandstressedthatwiththeestablishmentoftheDPRKasolidbasewascreatedon[a]democraticfoundationforKorearsquosunificationinapeacefulmanner

Duetothepartyrsquoscorrecteconomicpolicyitbecamepossibletogrowin1949overallproductioninindustryby34timescomparedto1946Duringthesameperiodthegrainharvestincreasedby1399percentThisimprovedlivingstandardsofthepopulationsignificantly

DuringthethreehardyearsofthewarourpeoplersquosdemocracysystemproveditsviabilityInthecountrysideinindustryandinadministrationourpeoplebrilliantlyfulfilledalsoduringthewartheirdestinyasmastersofthecountry[KimDu-bong]alsopraisedtheachievementsoftheheroicKoreanpeoplersquosarmy

Duringreconstructionofthedestroyedeconomyafterthewarourpeoplefoughtinthesameheroicmannerastheydidduringthewar

Forinstance307largeandsmallfactorieswererebuiltexpandedornewlyconstructeduntiltheendof1955ByJanuaryofthecurrentyear(1956)alreadythenationalizedandcooperativeindustryhadalreadysurpassedpre-warlevelsasoutlinedinthethree-yearplanToday636percentoffarmsand621percentoffarmlandareorganizedinagriculturalcollectivesInordertoincreasegrainproductionthereareextensiveirrigationworksconductedCareistakentoprovidetheagriculturalsectorwithsufficientamountsoffertilizerDuetofourmarkdownsofstate-fixedpricestherealwagesofworkersandallemployeesincreasedTodayourpartyhasbecomeastrongforcewhichleadstheKoreanpeopletovictoryinfulfillmentofitsmainmissionnamelythepeacefulunificationofthefatherlandandthebuildingofthefoundationsofsocialism


Then[KimDu-bong]referredtothesituationinSouthKoreaundertheruleoftheUnitedStatesandthereactionarytreasonousSyngmanRheeclique(onlyingeneralterms)PartyandgovernmentoftheDPRKhavefoughtacontinuousstruggleforKoreanunificationbutdidnotsucceedbecauseofSouthKoreanpolicy

ItisreallyindispensableinordertofulfillfuturerevolutionarytaskstosolidifythegovernmentstrengthenthealliancebetweenworkersandpeasantsandconnectthegovernmentevenclosertothepeoplersquosmassesInordertoimprovetheworkofthegovernmenttheadministrationhastostrengthenthedemocraticwayofconductingitsworkThisalsoincludestheimprovementofperformancebyelectedlocalcouncilsThemainrequirementinthisregardliesinacloseconnectiontothepeoplersquosmassesandinpreservationofademocraticcharacterHoweverthereexistmistakesandtendenciestodeviatefromdemocraticprinciplesintheworkoflocalcouncilsManylocalcouncilsarenotconvenedonaregularbasisanddelegatesdonotgiveanaccountoftheirworktotheirvotersThereasonforthisisnotjustthefactthatmanypeoplersquosrepresentativecouncilsarebadlycomposedduetoconsequencesofthewarItisalsothatpartyorganizationsarenotinterestedinthiskindofworkThishastochangeinthefuture

Aftertheelectionsof1949deputieswerefrequentlychangedduringthewarOftentheworkofcouncilswasjustconductedinaformalmannerThenewdeputieswerefrequentlynotelectedbythepeopleinademocraticfashionInsteadtheywereselectedindeputymeetingsorinpartjustsimplyappointedThisisagraveviolationofourdemocraticlawsanddoesnotrepresenttheprinciplesofourconstitution

FurthermoreinordertoimproveouradministrativeworkitisalsonecessarytostrengthendemocraticlegalityThelatterhastoberespectedinparticularininteriorlawenforcementandpolice[organizations]Alldecisionstobemadetherehavetobeapproachedfromclass-basedpositions[Organizations]ofpeoplesrepresentationsmustneverforgetthattheyrepresenttheworkingpeopleandthattheycannotresolveanyquestionwithoutlisteningtotheopinionofthepeoplersquosmassesThe[organizations]havetofightcontinuouslytoimprovethelifeofthepeopleandtofulfilltheirdemandsTheymustalwaysobservetheteachingsofMarxism-LeninismthatthepeoplersquosmassesarethetruecreatorsofhistoryUndertheguidanceofthepartyourgovernmentsawasitsfirsttaskfromthefirstdayofitsfoundationtostrengthentheconnectionwiththepeoplersquosmassesandneverletitbebrokenFunctionariesofpartyandadministrativeorgansalwaysfoughtagainstallsignsofbureaucratismaccordingtotheguidelinesprovidedbyKimIl-sunginhisFebruaryspeechandbythefourthplenumoftheCentralCommittee

Yetnonethelesssomeofourfunctionarieshaveelevatedthemselvesabovethemassesanddevelopedabureaucraticstyleofworking[Other]functionariesappropriatedstateproperty

IfthefunctionariesandtheadministrationsdonotliquidatesuchphenomenaimmediatelytheywilldrifteverfurtherapartfromthepeoplersquosmassesandthusinflictmajordamagetoourrevolutionWewillsolidifyourgoverningpowerthroughapermanentstruggleagainstbureaucratismagainstpoorworkandagainstwaste




Document

EdwardMGrahamldquoTheMiraclewithaDarkSideKoreanEconomicDevelopmentunderParkChung-heerdquoReformingKorearsquosIndustrialConglomeratesWashingtonDCInstituteforInternationalEconomics2003httpspiiecompublicationschapters_preview3412iie3373pdf

Annotation

ParkChung-heewasamilitarygeneralandlaterpresidentoftheRepublicofSouthKoreafrom1963untilhisassassinationin1979From1961-1963ParkwastheleaderofthemilitaryjuntathatoverthrewthedemocraticgovernmenttheyearafterPresidentSyngmanRheeresignedunderacloudofcorruptionin1960ParkChung-heersquostenurewasmarkedbybotheconomicgrowthandauthoritarianrule

InthefaceofgrowingeconomicandsocialinstabilitytheKoreanmilitaryseizedpowerin1961effectivelyendinganypretextofdemocracyinSouthKoreaAlthoughmanydemocratictrappingswouldremaininplacelargelyattheinsistenceoftheUnitedStates(whichconstantlypressuredtheKoreangovernmenttopermitmoredemocracythroughouttheperiodofmilitaryleadership)formorethanthirtyyearsKoreawouldeffectivelybeunderauthoritarianmilitaryruleItwasunderthisrulethattheldquoeconomicmiraclerdquotookshape

ThemainorganizerofthemilitarycoupwasKimJong-pilayounglieutenantcolonelButwhenthemilitaryactuallytookoverthegovernmenttheleaderwhoemergedwasamoreseniorofficerMajorGeneralParkChung-heeParkhadbeenajuniorofficerintheJapanesearmyduringthe1930sand1940sandhewasstronglyinfluencedbyadoctrinemdashwidelyheldbytheJapanesemilitaryduringthatperiod(Clifford1994)mdashcharacterizedbyabeliefinastrongcentralizedmanagementoftheeconomyandbyastrongnationalismThefirstofthesebeliefswasalmostMarxistinitsstressontheextenttowhichthestateshouldengageincentralizedplanningoftheeconomyindeedwhenParkfirsttookcontrolinKoreatheKennedyadministrationintheUnitedStatesworriedthathemightbealdquoclosetCommunistrdquoHoweverthesecondelementofthisdoctrinemdashintensenationalismmdashincludedcompleterejectionofinternationalcommunismandthedominanceoftheSovietUnioninthatmovementParkthusinfactprovedtobesomethingofanenigmaanintenseKoreannationalistwhohadfoughttheJapanesewhobelievedintheprimacyofstatepowerineconomicsbutwhooversawthecreationofwhatweretobecomeverylargeprivatelyownedindustrialgroups[hellip]

ThoughpoliticalagenciesintheearlyParkregimeweredominatedbythemilitaryeconomicagenciesgenerallywerenotRatherunderParkthestatusofeconomicsexpertsintheKoreangovernmentroseconsiderablyOneofParkrsquosfirstactswastoelevatethestatusofeconomicplanninginKoreaplacingcivilianexpertsinchargeofitIn1961hecreatedtheEconomicPlanningBoard(EPB)whoseheadwasmadedeputyprimeministerInspiteofthepoliticaltitleand[the]highlevelofhispositionParkinsistedthatitbefilledbyapersonofsuperbtechnicalqualificationsratherthanapoliticalfigureorahigh-rankingmemberofthemilitary

In1962theEPBintroducedthefirstofwhatwastobecomeaseriesoffive-yearplansforKorearsquosdevelopmentState-ownedbankswerecreatedtohelpimplementthegovernmentrsquosdevelopmentplansandlawswerepassedtoforceprivatebankseffectivelytoalsobecomeagentsoftheirimplementationOverthenextyearstheKoreangovernmentbecameinthewordsofformerEPBmemberandDeputyPrimeMinisterIlSaKonganldquoentrepreneur-managerrdquo[hellip]


HoweverastheParkyearsprogressedtheKoreangovernmentrsquosroleasldquoentrepreneur-managerrdquoincreasinglywasmanifestednotsomuchinpublicenterprisesasimportantasthesewerebutratherinthegovernmentrsquosdirectionofactivitiesinthesurgingprivatesectorAtitscorewasapolicyofsubsidizingthoseprivateenterprisesthatwereabletoachieveincreasinglyhigherlevelsofexportorofsubstitutingdomesticproductionforimports[hellip]

[hellip]KoreanplannerswhoworkedunderParkduringtheearlyyearsdevelopedtwounwrittenpoliciesFirstexportexpansionratherthanimportsubstitutionreceivedhigherpriorityThusthoseinfantsgiventhemostnurturancebythestatewerethosethatdeliveredincreasedexportsSecondcomplementingthefirstpolicyactivitiesthatdidnotproducethedesiredresultofincreasedexportswereallowedtofailoftenwithruthlessspeedTheunwrittenruleinKoreabecameineffectthatanentrepreneurwhogottightinwiththegovernmentcouldbecomerichonlyifthatentrepreneurrsquosexportperformancewasoutstandingBycontrastinmanyotherdevelopingcountriesonlyacloserelationshipwiththegovernmentwasnecessary[hellip]

TheantecedentsofwhatbecamechaebolforthemostpartwerethosefirmsthatsucceededunderthepoliciesofParkduringthe1960s

U s e d b y p e r m i s s i o n o f I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e r n a t i o n a l E c o n o m i c s


PAIREDSOURCES3


Document

ChoeSang-HunMotokoRichNatalieReneauandAudreyCarlsenadditionalworkbySergioPeccedilanhaldquoRocketMenTheTeamBuildingNorthKorearsquosNuclearMissilerdquoNewYorkTimesDecember152017httpswwwnytimescominteractive20171215worldasianorth-korea-scientists-weaponshtml

Annotation

KimJong-unthegrandsonofNorthKoreanfounderKimIl-sungbecomeleaderofNorthKoreain2011TheNorthKoreannuclearprogrambeganinthe1950swiththehelpoftheSovietUnionbutbeginningin1989itsfocusshiftedawayfrompowergenerationtoweaponsSinceassumingpowerKimJong-unhasacceleratedtheprogramtothedismayoftheWest

WhentheNorthKoreanleaderKimJong-uncelebratedthelaunchofapowerfulnewmissilelastmonthhewassurroundedbyagroupoftopscientistsandofficials

StatemediadidnotidentifythembuttheyhaveallbeenseenwithMrKimbefore

ThesemenndashknownbynicknamessuchastheldquonuclearduordquoandtheldquomissilequartetrdquondashhavebuiltanintercontinentalballisticmissilethatappearscapableofhittinganycityintheUnitedStatesanextraordinaryscientificachievementfortheworldrsquosmostisolatedcountry

Atonly33MrKimhasbeenruthlessaboutconsolidatingpowerexecutingscoresofseniorofficialsincludinghisownuncleButhehasshoweredhisregimersquosscientistswithincentivesandadulationturningthemintopublicheroesandsymbolsofnationalprogress

ldquoWehaveneverheardofhimkillingscientistsrdquosaidChoiHyun-kyooaseniorresearcherinSouthKoreawhorunsNKTechadatabaseofNorthKoreanscientificpublicationsldquoHeissomeonewhounderstandsthattrialanderrorarepartofdoingsciencerdquo

AnalystsarestilltryingtoexplainhowNorthKoreamanagedtoovercomedecadesofinternationalsanctionsandmakesomuchprogresssoquicklyButitisclearthenationhasaccumulatedasignificantscientificfoundationdespiteitsbackwardimage

ItsnewICBMisafeatofphysicsandengineeringthathasstunnedtheworldandeachofitssixnucleartestshasbeenmorepowerfulthanthelastboostingMrKimrsquosstatureathomeandhisleverageabroad

StillitisuncleariftheNorthhasmasteredthetechnologyneededtokeepanuclearwarheadintactasitre-enterstheEarthrsquosatmosphere

ScienceWorship

MrKimhaselevatedscienceasanidealintheregimersquospropagandaandputhisfondnessforscientistsandengineersonprominentdisplayacrossNorthKorea


ThatisadeparturefromthepracticeofhispredecessorandfatherKimJong-ilwhoinsteademphasizedcinemaandtheartsaspropagandatools

Fouryearsaftertakingpowerin2011KimJong-unopenedasix-laneavenueinPyongyangknownasFutureScientistsStreetwithgleamingapartmenttowersforscientistsengineersandtheirfamilies

Healsoopenedasprawlingcomplexshapedlikeanatomthatshowcasesthenationrsquosachievementsinnuclearscience

ExtravagantgalasareheldtocelebratescientificprogressThereislittledoubtwhatisbehindMrKimrsquospassionforscienceInubiquitouspropagandapostersNorthKoreanrocketssoarintospaceandcrashintotheUnitedStatesCapitol

AndaftersuccessfultestsscientistsandengineersarehonoredwithhugeoutdoorralliesOntheirwaytoPyongyangtheirmotorcadespasscheeringcrowds

ldquoTheyarealreadyprettysophisticatedinmetallurgymechanicalengineeringandtosomeextentchemistryrdquoallareastiedtothenationrsquoscivilianandmilitaryneedssaidJoshuaPollackaseniorresearchassociateattheMiddleburyInstituteofInternationalStudiesatMontereyCalifornia

NorthKoreahasimportedscientificpapersandjournalsfromJapanfordecadesAndwhenitsendsstudentsabroaditordersthemtocopyscientificliteratureandbringithomesaidMichaelMaddenwhorunstheNorthKoreaLeadershipWatchwebsite

UnitedNationssanctionsprohibittheteachingofscientificmaterialwithmilitaryapplicationstoNorthKoreanstudentsYetNorthKoreastillsendsstudentstocountriessuchasChinaIndiaandevenGermanyaccordingtoanalystsandUnitedNationsreports

TheinternethasalsobeenagoldminefortheNorthWhilethestateblockspublicaccessitallowselitescientiststoscourthewebforopen-sourcedataunderthewatchofsecurityagentsTheNorthhasalsobuiltdigitallibrariesofapprovedmaterialthatareaccessibleacrossthecountry

NorthKoreafunnelsitstopsciencestudentsintomilitaryprojectsThoseselectedforthenuclearandmissileprogramarerelocatedfromtheirhometownsandallowedtoreturnforvisitsonlywithgovernmentmindersaccordingtodefectorsandanalysts

ButtheyarealsogivenbetterfoodrationsmdashandaccesstoweaponsdesignsandcomponentsobtainedbythenationrsquosspiesandhackerswhohavefocusedontheformerSovietrepublics

FamiliarFaces

ScientistsandengineersalsoenjoyedspecialprivilegesunderMrKimrsquosgrandfatherKimIl-sungashestruggledtorebuildNorthKoreafromtheruinsoftheKoreanWarHeembracedthosetrainedinJapanwhenKoreawasaJapanesecolonyandlatersenthundredsofstudentstotheSovietUnionEastGermanyandothersocialiststates

OneofthemwasSoSang-gukanuclearscientistwhoemergedasakeyfigureinthenationrsquosnuclearprogrambutseemstohaveretired

SincetakingpowerKimJong-unappearstohaveoverseenagenerationalshiftatthetopoftheweaponsprogramelevatingagroupofscientistsandofficialsaboutwhomlittleisknown


HetendstoassignofficialstodifferentprojectslettingthemcompeteforhisattentionandfavorButanalystshaveidentifiedsixfigureswhohaverepeatedlyappearedalongsideMrKimatkeymomentsmdashfourtiedtomissiledevelopmentandtwoassociatedwithnucleartests

TwomembersoftheldquomissilequartetrdquoarescientistsaccordingtostatemediaJangChang-hais53andpresidentoftheAcademyofNationalDefenseScienceandJonIl-ho61iscommonlydescribedasanldquoofficialinthefieldofscientificresearchrdquoRiPyong-cholappearstobethequartetrsquoshighest-rankingmemberAformerairforcecommanderheservesasfirstdeputydirectoroftherulingWorkersrsquoPartyrsquosmunitionsindustrydepartment

KimJong-sik49firstbeganappearingwithKimJong-uninFebruary2016andhasanengineeringbackgroundHisrisehascoincidedwithanaccelerationoftestlaunchesbutheandMrRididnotattendlastmonthrsquoslaunch

RiHong-sopthedirectorofNorthKorearsquosNuclearWeaponsInstituteappearstobealeadingfigureinthenuclearprogramHehasbeenblacklistedbytheUnitedNationssince2009

HongSung-mutheothermemberoftheldquonuclearduordquoisaformerchiefengineerattheYongbyonnuclearcomplexthebirthplaceoftheNorthrsquosnuclearweaponsprogram

NorthKoreahasalsorecruitedscientistsfromtheformerSovietUnionofferingsalariesashighas$10000permonthaccordingtoLeeYun-keoladefectorwhorunstheNorthKoreaStrategicInformationServiceCenterinSeoulandhasstudiedthehistoryoftheNorthrsquosnuclearprogram

In1992aplanecarrying64rocketscientistsfromMoscowwasstoppedbeforedepartingforNorthKoreaItisnotclearhowmanyifanyformerSovietscientistsmadeittoNorthKoreainthedecadessince

TheodoreAPostolaprofessoremeritusofsciencetechnologyandinternationalsecurityattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologysaidtheNorthhasldquothisfantasticrecordforflyingrocketsthefirsttimeandhavingthemsucceedrdquo

ldquoWethinkitrsquosbecausetheyhadrocketmotorsanddesignsthatwerebasicallyRussiandesignsandtheyhadtheexpertiseofRussianengineerswhoknewhowtosolvetheproblemsrdquohesaid

FatherFigure

LittleislefttochanceinpropagandarelatedtotheweaponsprogramEventhesmallestofdetailscanbeladenwithsignificance

ldquoBylaunchingrocketsandtreatingscientistslikestarsKimJong-ungiveshispeopleasenseofprogressrdquoMrLeesaidldquoItrsquosnotjustamilitaryprojectbutalsoapoliticalstratagemrdquo

MrKimrsquosannualvisittohisgrandfatherrsquosmausoleumisthemostimportantritualofhisdynasticregimeThemissilequartetrsquosproximitytohimattheJulyeventwasasignoftheirhighstatus

MissileexpertswereshownsharingcigaretteswithMrKimafterlastmonthrsquosmissilelaunchmdashanalmostunimaginableprivilegeinanationwhereheisportrayedasagodlikefigure

AftersuccessfultestsMrKimissometimesevenshownembracinghisscientistssomeofwhomcanbeseenweepingPerhapsthemostsurprisingphotocameinMarchwhenMrKimcarriedanunidentifiedofficialonhisbackwhilecelebratingthegroundtestofanewrocketengine


TheimageevokedanoldKoreantraditioninwhichyoungmengivetheiragingparentspiggybackridesasasymbolicgestureofgratitudeforthehardshiptheyhaveenduredfortheirchildrenButotherssayMrKimwasactuallyplayingtheparentcarryingthescientistonhisbackasafathermightachild

IngeneralMrKimispresentedintheregimersquospropagandaasafatherfiguremdashanationalpatriarchwhomthepublicissupposedtoobeywithoutquestionThatmakesthesymbolismofhisinteractionswiththesescientistsandengineersevenmorestriking

IntraditionalKoreancultureitisgenerallyinappropriateforasontosmokewithhisfatherorevenwithateacherOnewouldonlydosowithgreatreluctancemdashandgratitudemdashattheelderrsquosinsistenceIneffectMrKimisinsistingthatthesescientiststakeabow

ButevenashehonorsthesemenandcelebratestheiraccomplishmentstheyremainbitplayersonthestageEveryscientistinNorthKoreanomatterhowimportantmustcreditMrKimforhissuccessesjustasthenationrsquosathletesneverfailtocitehimasinspirationfortheirachievementsattheOlympicsandothercompetitions

IntheendtherealstarofthenuclearweaponsprogramisMrKimhimself

F r o m T h e N e w Y o r k T i m e s D e c e m b e r 1 5 2 0 1 7 copy 2 0 1 7 T h e N e w Y o r k T i m e s A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d U s e d b y p e r m i s s i o n a n d p r o t e c t e d b y t h e C o p y r i g h t L a w s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s T h e p r i n t i n g c o p y i n g r e d i s t r i b u t i o n o r r e t r a n s m i s s i o n o f t h i s C o n t e n t w i t h o u t e x p r e s s

w r i t t e n p e r m i s s i o n i s p r o h i b i t e d



Document

KimDae-jungPresidentialInauguralAddress1998TranslatedbyYoungeunKim

Annotation

KimDae-jungwaselectedPresidentoftheRepublicofSouthKoreain1998andserveduntilhistermexpiredin2003Hiselectioncameduringasevereeconomiccrisisin1997-1998thatthreatenedtheeconomiesofmanyAsiannationsKimwasactiveinpoliticsfromthe1950sonandwasexiledunderadeathsentencein1980bythemilitarygovernmentofthetimeThedeathsentencewascommutedtohousearrestuponhisreturntoSouthKoreadueinparttointernationalpressuresUnderhousearresthecontinuedtoleadoppositionpartiesinSouthKorearunningforpresidentatotaloffourtimesHewontheNobelPeacePrizein2000

MyFellowCitizens

WewillhaveanewcenturyinthreeyearsThebeginningofthe21stcenturyisnotjustaboutenteringanewcenturybutalsothebeginningofanewrevolutionHumanitywhichhaspassedthroughfivegreatrevolutionssinceappearingontheearthbeginningwiththeHumanRevolutionpassingthroughtheAgriculturalrevolutiontheUrbanRevolutiontheRevolutioninThoughtandtheIndustrialRevolutionisnowenteringaneweraofrevolution

Theworldismovingfromtheindustrialsocietywherenaturalresourcesweretheprimaryfactorforeconomicdevelopmenttoaninformationandknowledge-basedsociety

TheinformationrevolutionisconvertingthenationaleconomiesintoaoneworldeconomyturningtheworldintoaglobalvillageTheinformationagemeansthateveryonecanobtaininformationeasilyandcheaplyandwillhaveaccesstoinformationanytimeandanywhereItisonlypossibleinademocraticsocietyWemustactivelyrespondtonewchallengesbyapproachingthistransitionalperiodinahistoryofcivilization

UnfortunatelywearenowfacingourgreatestnationalcrisissinceJune25[1950theoutbreakoftheKoreanWar]hellipDuringthisyearconsumerpricesandunemploymentratiowouldincreaseIncomeswoulddropandmanybusinesseswouldgobankruptAllofusarerequiredtoshedsweatandtears

hellipMyFellowCitizensYouhavedemonstratedremarkablepatriotismandpowerevenintodayrsquosdifficultiesWehaveaccomplishedapeacefultransitionofpowereveninthemidstoftheIMFCrisisYouhavegatheredgoldtoovercomethenationalcrisisandhavealreadycollectedover$2billioningoldIamveryproudofyourpatriotismwhichismorevaluablethangold

hellipThebiggesttaskfacingthegovernmentofthepeopleistoovercomeoureconomiccrisisandtorevitalizeoureconomyThegovernmentofthepeoplewillcombinedemocracyandeconomicdevelopmentAmarketeconomyanddemocracyareliketwosidesofthesamecoinorliketwowheelsonacartthatcannotberemovedIftheyareseparatedsuccessisimpossibleEverycountrythathasembracedbothdemocracyandamarketeconomyhasbeensuccessful


hellipWiththepromiseofbuildinginanewtechnologywewillimplementapolicytodevelopcuttingedgetechnologies

ThisistheonlywayforcompaniesandoureconomytosurviveThegovernmentwillguaranteecompletelytheautonomyofbusinessButitwillalsostrictlyrequirethattheymakeself-reformefforts

hellipWehaveahigheducationlevelandculturaltraditionWehaveagreatabilitytoexertourpowerintheinformationsocietyofthe21stcenturyThenewgovernmentwilltrytomakeouryounggenerationscanbecomeanewleaderintheknowledgeandinformationsocietyWewillprovidecomputerclassesinelementaryschoolandtheycanchoosecomputersubjectsonthecollegeadmissiontestWewillleadacomputerpowercountryintheworld

Weareproudofourhalf-centuryhistoryThespritsofourancestorsareencouragingus

hellipLetrsquosmaketodayrsquoscrisisintoablessingWecandoitThehistoryofourovercomefromtheruinsof625(KoreanWar)provesitIwillbeattheheadLetrsquosallmoveforwardLetrsquosovercomethenationalcrisisLetrsquosmakeanotherleapforward


STUDENTGRAPHICORGANIZER

Howdoyourdocumentsreflectorrespondtoeitherofthesetwentieth-andtwenty-first-centuryhistoricaldevelopmentstheColdWareconomicliberalizationortheInformationAge

FirstSource SecondSource

GeneralObservations(whowhatwhenwhere) GeneralObservations(whowhatwhenwhere)

Recordevidencethatlinksthesourcetooneormoreofthethreehistoricaldevelopments


ColdWar EconomicLiberalization

InformationAge ColdWar Economic

Liberalization

InformationAge


Identifyandrecordevidencefromhistorynotinthedocumentthathelpstoclarifyorsupportyourevidencefromthedocument


Howdothesourcesdemonstratesimilarordifferentreflectionsorresponsestotwentieth-andtwenty-first-centuryhistoricaldevelopments

Whatcouldexplainthereasonforthesimilarityordifference


ASSESSMENTMATERIALS

SAQ1

Directions AnswerQuestion1

InyourresponsesbesuretoaddressallpartsofthequestionsyouanswerUsecompletesentencesanoutlineorbulletedlistaloneisnotacceptable

TheGovernmentoftheDPRKsteadfastlymaintainsJucheinallrealmsoftherevolutionandconstruction

EstablishingJuchemeansadoptingtheattitudeofamastertowardstherevolutionandconstructionofonersquoscountryItmeansmaintaininganindependentandcreativestandpointinfindingsolutionstotheproblemswhichariseintherevolutionandconstructionItimpliessolvingthoseproblemsmainlybyonersquosowneffortsandinconformitywiththeactualconditionsofonersquosownPOLITICScountryTherealizationofindependenceinpoliticsself-sufficiencyintheeconomyandself-relianceinnationaldefenceisaprinciplethegovernmentmaintainsconsistently

TheKoreanpeoplevaluetheindependenceofthecountryandnationandunderthepressureofimperialistsanddominationstshavethoroughlyimplementedtheprincipleofindependenceself-relianceandself-defencedefendingthecountryrsquossovereigntyanddignityfirmly

DemocraticPeoplersquosRepublicofKoreastatementfromtheofficialgovernmentwebsiteofNorthKorea2017

Jucheisoftentranslatedasldquoself-reliancerdquoandreferstothegovernmentrsquosfirmbeliefthattheNorthKoreanpeoplearetheldquomastersoftherevolutionandconstructionrdquo

MyDearMrPresidentIhavemuchforwhichtobegratefultoyouandmuchcausetorejoicethatinthesedesperatedaysourbeleaguerednationhasfoundsogoodafriendYourgreatgenerosityinrushingthroughthislastweekoftheCongressionalsessionanimmediateappropriationoftwohundredmilliondollarstospeedourreconstructionisappreciatedfromthedepthsofourheartsYourconsiderateunderstandingofmypositionduringthesemostdifficultdayshasbeenaheartwarmingexperienceformeButaboveallIwanttothankyouandtocongratulateyouforthestatesmanlikevisionwithwhichyouhavebroughttherelationshipsofyourpowerfulnationandofourweakeroneontoabasisofhonestmutualityandtwo-waycooperationNothingcoulddomoretoreassurethedisillusionedpeoplesoftheFarEastthattheremaybedawninganewdaywhentheyneednomorefeartherevivaloftheoldandhatederaofWesternColonialism

SyngmanRheePresidentofSouthKorealettertoPresidentEisenhowerJuly1953

1 Usingtheexcerptsaboveanswer(a)(b)and(c)

a Identifyahistoricalcontextthatwouldhelpexplainthedevelopmentsdiscussedinthefirstexcerpt

b Identifyahistoricalcontextthatwouldhelpexplainthedevelopmentsdiscussedinthesecondexcerpt

c BasedonbothexcerptsexplainadifferenceinthewaythatSouthKoreaandNorthKoreainteractwithothercountrieseconomically


SAQ2

Directions

AnswerQuestion2


Duringreconstructionofthedestroyedeconomyafterthewar[KoreanWar1950-1953]ourpeoplefoughtinthesameheroicmannerastheydidduringthewar

Forinstance307largeandsmallfactorieswererebuiltexpandedornewlyconstructeduntil[by]theendof1955ByJanuaryofthecurrentyear[1956]thenationalizedandcooperativeindustryhadalreadysurpassedpre-warlevelsasoutlinedinthethree-year-planToday636percentoffarmsand621percentoffarmlandareorganizedinagriculturalcollectivesInordertoincreasegrainproductionthereareextensiveirrigationworksconductedCareistakentoprovidetheagriculturalsectorwithsufficientamountsoffertilizerDuetofourmarkdownsofstate-fixedpricestherealwagesofworkersandallemployeesincreasedTodayourpartyhasbecomeastrongforcewhichleadstheKoreanpeopletovictoryinfulfillmentofitsmainmissionnamelythepeacefulunificationofthefatherlandandthebuildingofthefoundationsofsocialismrdquo

KimIl-sungPresidentofNorthKoreadiscussionoftheThirdPartyCongressoftheKoreanWorkersPartyApril1956

In1962theEPB[EconomicPlanningBoard]introducedthefirstofwhatwastobecomeaseriesoffive-yearplansfor[South]KorearsquosdevelopmentState-ownedbankswerecreatedtohelpimplementthegovernmentrsquosdevelopmentplansandlawswerepassedtoforcetheprivatebankseffectivelyalsotobecomeagentsoftheirimplementationOverthenextyearstheKoreangovernmentbecameinthewordsofhellipDeputyPrimeMinisterIlSaKonganldquoentrepreneur-managerrdquo(Sakong199327)Duringthefirstandsecondfive-yearplansthegovernmentitselfwasinvolvedinindustrialundertakingsInthe1960smorethanone-thirdofgovernmentexpenditureswereforinvestmentandpublicinvestmentaccountedforclosetoathirdofallfixedcapitalformation[hellip]ThisemphasisreflectedParkrsquosownphilosophyunderwhichthestatewasmeanttobethedominantagentintheeconomy

EdwardMGrahamReformingKorearsquosIndustrialConglomerates2003

2 Usingtheexcerptsaboveanswer(a)(b)and(c)a IdentifyONEsimilaritybetweenNorthandSouthKoreaneconomicpoliciesinthetwentiethcentury

asdescribedintheexcerptsb ExplainahistoricalcontextotherthantheKoreanWarthatinfluencedthedevelopmentsdescribedin

thesecondexcerptc ExplainhowacountryotherthanNorthorSouthKoreadevisedaneconomicprogramsimilartothe

onedescribedinthefirstexcerpt


SAQ3

Directions

AnswerQuestion3


NORTHKOREANNUCLEARMISSILES

T h o m a s K a r a k o a n d W e s R u m b a u g h ldquo D i s s e c t i n g t h e B i g M i s s i l e D e f e n s e P l u s - u p rdquo 2 0 1 7 h t t p s w w w c s i s o r g a n a l y s i s d i s s e c t i n g - b i g - m i s s i l e - d e f e n s e - p l u s


SOUTHKOREANINTERNETUSAGE

NUMBEROFINTERNETUSERSIN[SOUTH]KOREA(INTHOUSANDS)

N a t i o n a l I n t e r n e t D e v e l o p m e n t A g e n c y o f K o r e a K o r e a I n t e r n e t S t a t i s t i c s 2 0 0 4

3 Usingthesourcesaboveanswer(a)(b)and(c)

a Identifyonehistoricalcontextthatexplainsthedatainthefirstsource

b ExplainhowacountryotherthanNorthorSouthKoreachangedinwaysthatweresimilartothechangeshowninthesecondsource

c Explainonereasonforadifferenceinthenationalprioritiespresentedinthetwosources

Year ofInternetUsersinKorea(inthousands)

1995 366

1996 731

1997 1634

1998 3103

1999 10860

2000 19040

2001 24380

2002 26270


SAQ1SCORINGGUIDE

Amoredetailedscoringguideincludingsourcesislinkedhere

AIdentifyahistoricalcontextthatwouldhelpexplainthedevelopmentsdiscussedinthefirstexcerpt(1point)

Possibleexamplesmayinclude

TheColdWarrivalrybetweencommunistandcapitalistnationscausedNorthKoreatofocusondevelopment

TheKoreanWarandcontinuedhostilitiesbetweenNorthKoreaandtheSouthanditsalliesfocusedNorthKoreaondevelopmenttoreadyitselfforconflict

ThefalloftheSovietUnionandthelossofoutsidesupportfromitsformerlargestsourceofeconomicaidforcedtheNorthtobecomeself-reliant

ThedesiretocontinueaKimfamilydynastyledtheNorthtoseekaseparatedevelopmentpathfromitsformerSovietandcurrentChinesecommunistallies

InternationalsanctionsledbytheWesthavecausedNorthKoreatofocusonself-reliance

BIdentifyahistoricalcontextthatwouldhelpexplainthedevelopmentsdiscussedinthesecondexcerpt(1point)


TheKoreanWarandthedevastatinginvasionbytheNorththatwasthwartedwiththehelpofUNforcesledbytheUStiedSouthKoreatoacontinuedalliance

TheKoreanWarandthecontinuedhostilitiesbetweenNorthandSouthfocusedtheSouthonmaintainingclosetiestotheUnitedStatesforprotection

TheKoreanWardestroyedmuchofSouthKoreaby1953requiringsignificantreconstructionanddevelopmentaidfromoutsideallies

TheColdWarrivalrybetweencommunistnations(includingNorthKoreaandChinainEastAsia)forcedSouthKoreatoseekallianceswithstrongcapitalistnationssuchastheUS

C BasedonbothexcerptsexplainadifferenceinthewaythatSouthKoreaandNorthKoreainteractwithothercountrieseconomically(1point)


NorthKorealimitseconomicinteractionpreferringtoisolateandbecomeself-sufficientwhiletheSouthseekstobeconnectedwithalliessuchastheUnitedStates

NorthKoreantradeislimitedduetoitsrelianceononlyitsownresourceswhichalsolimitsitseconomicgrowthSouthKoreatradesinternationallywhichallowsitseconomytogrowandmodernizeduetoitsaccesstoadvancesandassistancefromoutsidenations

TheNorthKoreaneconomywasnotdependentonforeigntradeandinteractionwhiletheSouthKoreaneconomydependedonforeignaidandeconomicinteractions

TotalScore(3pointspossible)


SAQ2SCORINGGUIDE

AIdentifyONEsimilaritybetweenNorthandSouthKoreaneconomicpoliciesinthetwentiethcenturyasdescribedintheexcerpts(1point)


NorthKoreaneconomicdevelopmentcontinuedundersocialistprinciplesmdashasithadduringthewarmdashinordertocompletetheprocessofunifyingtheKoreanpeninsula

SouthKoreaneconomicdevelopmentemulatedelementsofasocialiststate-directednationtopursuerapidindustrialization

B ExplainahistoricalcontextotherthantheKoreanWarthatinfluencedthedevelopmentsdescribedinthesecondexcerpt(1point)


Stateeconomicinterventionintimesofeconomicdistresswascommoninthemid-twentiethcenturyincapitalistcountriessuchastheNewDealduringtheGreatDepressionintheUnitedStates

TheColdWarandcontinuedhostilitiesbetweencommunistandcapitalistnationsrequiredrapideconomicdevelopmentbySouthKoreatoensureitssecurity

Withtheshiftofdevelopednationstoinformationandcommunicationstechnologiesdevelopingeconomiesturnedtoindustrialproductionandmanufacturing

C ExplainhowacountryotherthanNorthorSouthKoreadevisedaneconomicprogramsimilartotheonedescribedinthefirstexcerpt(1point)


TheSovietUniondevelopedacommandeconomywithcentralplanninginthe1920saftertheconclusionofitsrevolutionandcivilwar

CommunistChinadevelopedacommandeconomywithcentralplanninginthe1950safteritscommunistrevolutionandcivilwar

EasternEuropeanstatessuchasPolandEastGermanyCzechoslovakiaYugoslaviaHungaryBulgariaandAlbaniaestablishedcommunistregimesunderSovietdirectionafterWorldWarIIanddevelopedcommandeconomieswithfive-yearplans

VietnamLaosandCambodiaunderwentcommunistrevolutionsandinstitutedacommandeconomy

Cubaestablishedacommandeconomywithcentralplanningafterits1959communistrevolution



SAQ3SCORINGGUIDE

AIdentifyonehistoricalcontextthatexplainsthedatainthefirstsource(1point)


ContinuedhostilitiesbetweenNorthKoreaandSouthKoreaanditsalliesledtheNorthtoseeksecuritywithnuclearweapons

ArmsracesaspartoftheColdWarwerecommonbetweencommunistandcapitalistcountries

MissilesandnuclearweaponswereviewedasnecessarydeterrentstoaggressionduringtheColdWarera

B ExplainhowacountryotherthanNorthorSouthKoreachangedinwaysthatweresimilartothechangeshowninthesecondsource(1point)


AfterWorldWarIIandoccupationJapaneseeconomicdevelopmentshiftedfromindustrialproductiontoconsumerelectronicsandinformationtechnology

Taiwaneseeconomicdevelopmentfocusedoninformationtechnologyfieldsinthelatetwentiethcentury

Chinabegantoinvestheavilyintransformingitseconomyfrommanufacturingtoinformationtechnologyintheearlytwenty-firstcentury

C Explainonereasonforadifferenceinthenationalprioritiespresentedinthetwosources(1point)


EconomicdevelopmentinSouthKoreamovedtoconsumertechnologyratherthanremainingfocusedonmilitarydevelopment

EconomicdevelopmentinSouthKoreashiftedfrombasicindustrialproductionandmanufacturingtoinformationandcommunicationtechnologies

NorthKorearemainedatotalitarianclosedstatehostiletotechnologicaldevelopmentsmdashsuchastheinternetmdashthatcouldundermineitsrigidcontrolandgriponinformationabouttheoutsideworld


Copy of Contextualization Day 2 Final Oct 29a

Copy of Contextualization Day 2 Final Oct 29a2



CONTEXTUALIZATIONMODULESOURCES

DAY1

AUTHOR SOURCE DATE

1 KWLFChaebols20172 AhnChoong-yongExcerptfromKoreaRagstoRiches20123 KWLFArticleonSouthKoreanindustry20184 KWLFArticleonSouthKoreantechnologicalinnovations20185 KWLFArticleonSouthKoreantechnologyandculture20186 KWLFArticleonSouthKoreannationalimageindex2018

DAY2

AUTHOR SOURCE DATE

1 KimIl-sungSpeechonNorthKoreaneconomicdevelopment19552 SyngmanRheeLettertoPresidentEisenhower19533 KimIl-sungSpeechtotheCommunistParty19564 EdwardGrahamExcerptfromReformingKorearsquosIndustrialConglomerates20035 ChoeSang-HunArticleonNorthKoreannuclearprogram20176 KimDae-jungSpeechPresidentialInauguralAddress19987 GovrsquotofNorthKoreaOfficialStatementonGovernmentWebsite20188 TKarakoampWRumbaughGraphNorthKoreanNuclearMissiles20179 GovrsquotofSouthKoreaChartSouthKoreanInternetUsage2004

DAY3

AUTHOR SOURCE DATE

1 WangLiuyingetalPropagandaposteroneconomicadvances19582 DwightEisenhowerSpeechonthemilitary-industrialcomplex19613 WilliamFulbrightSpeechonUSforeignpolicy19654 CIAIntelligenceReportonGhana19715 CIAIntelligenceReportonNorthandSouthKorea19726 MikhailGorbachevNotesfromaPolitburomeeting19887 USStateDepartmentChartsNorthandSouthKoreaMilitarySpending2017




developments








OVERVIEW


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developments








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PART1


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