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CONSIDERATIONS INPLANNING THE
CONSTRUCTION STAGING
2008 PICE NATIONAL CONVENTION
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
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CONSIDERATIONS INPLANNING THE
CONSTRUCTION STAGING
Henry P. Turalde
Camarines Sur Polytechnic CollegesPICE Iriga - Rinconada Chapter
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Presentation Outline
Introduction
Site Limitation
Utilities
Safety
Traffic Control
Access to Work
Impacts During Construction Nature Protection
Conclusion
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Quotable Quotes
A mans judgment is
no better than
his information
- Bits and Pieces
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Introduction
Every project is
unique, and so,
poses unique
problems thatrequire special
details for its
resolve.
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Introduction
Every project is
unique, and so,
poses unique
problems thatrequire special
details for its
resolve.
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Introduction
To avoid potential
troubles during
construction,
constructors have towork on the solutions
before the problem
comes. With future
events unknown, that iseasier said than done.
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Construction Staging
Construction staging is the logistics of space
allocation for equipment movements and
materials storage, worksite access, temporary
works, provisions for construction workrequirements, including the schematic
organization of the staging areas.
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Construction staging involves strategically dividing the whole
area into different parts, treating each part as one separate
job site, as in first phase, second phase and so on.
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Construction activities progress from one part to the next,
and then to the next, until all parts or phases have been
completed
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In urbanized area or existing facility, construction staging
involves enclosing specific areas while undergoing operations
and shifting enclosure as work progresses.
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Construction staging needs planning of the combinations of
various construction elements procedures, methods,
equipments, technology and available space for each phase.
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Construction Staging
The important factors in planning the
construction staging are:
S U S T A I N
S- site limitationsU- utilities
S- safety
T- traffic controlA- access to work area
I - impacts during construction
N- nature protection
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S - Site limitationsExisting Site Condition
Terrain and landscape affects themovement, supply and transportof materials and workers.
Residents in the vicinity can besource of labor.
Trees, soil, ground and naturalenviron can be source ofmaterials.
Its climatic condition mayinfluence critical scheduling asstorm occurrence can causeflooding.
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S - Site limitationsExisting structures and underground utilities
Existing buildings & structures, utilities within project siteincluding power lines, pipelines, buried cables and sewers.
Existence can delay the work:
Block the movement of workers, equipments & materials
Block the line of sight of the surveying equipments
May conflict with newproject
May require revision ofproject design or relocationof the existing utilities
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S - Site limitationsSpace Allocation
Staging Area
A designated area
where vehicles,supplies and
equipments are
positioned for access
to construction site.
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S - Site limitationsSpace Allocation
Temporary Works
Towers, trestles, scaffolds and
temporary structures
The stability and reliability of the
temporary works is the bottom
line of the quality of the finish
work.
Once done, immediatelydismantled to give way to other
necessities.
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S - Site limitationsSpace AllocationSite Office and Other
Requirements Whenever possible,
provision on site for fieldoffices, toilets, showerrooms, mess hall and restrooms including sleepingquarters shall be providedon site or in the
neighborhood. This cansave transportation timeand cost.
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S - Site limitationsSpace AllocationSpace Allocation for Waste:
Appropriate stockpilesize and location will
facilitate activities,reduce damage tosensitive areas.
Orderliness and safetyof the site, the qualityof the work finish aredirectly related towaste management.
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U - UtilitiesConstruction staging plan should consider
essential utility needs for the project:
Energy Requirements
Water Requirements Drainage Requirements
Communications
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U - UtilitiesEnergy Requ irements
In construction, energy is a
primary commodity. Without
sufficient energy supply, project
can not progress as intended.
Construction staging should
consider power and energy
requirement on site, hourly fuel
demand of the mobile equipmentsand vehicles, power demand of the
tools and machines in the yard,
and others.
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U - UtilitiesWater Requirements
Water supply is a very important
commodity in the construction
site.
Water is used in the concrete
works, earthworks, washing and
sanitary facilities.
Construction staging should
consider the details of water
supply scheme, including its
hourly supply and demand
inventory.
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U - UtilitiesDrainage Requirements Drainage provision should be
considered particularly whenthere is dewatering operation.
Improper sewerage system cancreate chaos in the community.
With field offices and quarters,drainage system is important.
In the absence of a properdrainage system in the area,portable sanitary facilitiesmaybe employed.
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U - UtilitiesCommunicat ions
Communication facility is also
a basic necessity in the
construction site.
The choice of system the site
would use may depend on the
type of works involved in the
project.
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S - Safety Construction staging should
always consider safety inevery activity.
In a construction site
involving various workerswith diverse activities,materials, tools andequipments; the work place
itself is a potential hazard.
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S - SafetyAccidents
can delay,
demobilize,
demoralizeand degrade
construction
projects.
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Murphys Law:Left to themselves,
things tend to go from bad to worse.
Hence, a construction sitehas the normal tendency
to become 4Ds:dirty
disorderly
dense (crowded)
and dangerous
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Practical Ways to keep Construction
Site from becoming 4Ds: 5Ss of Good Housekeeping:
Sort (arrange)
Systematize (organize)
Sweep (clean)
Sanitize (free from dirt and germs)
Self-discipline (practice consistently)
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Hierarchy of Safety:
1. ELIMINATEthe hazard2. If not practical, PREVENT
3. If not practical, CONTROL
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Last line of
control/defense
2. Administrative Control:
Exposure time limitations Safe work practices
Alarms and warning signs
Training and education
3. (Point of contact)Personal Protective
Equipment
Three areas where hazards can be controlled:
SOURCE RECEIVERPATH
1.(Pre-contact) Engineering Control : Elimination/minimization
Enclosure of the hazard
Redirection of hazard
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Engineering Controls
If . . .The work environment can be physicallychanged to prevent employee exposure to
existing and potential hazard,
Then. . .The hazard can be eliminated withan engineering control
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Administrative Controls
If .. .The wayemployees do the job
can be changed, and
exposure to potential
hazard is removed,
Then. . .The hazard
can be eliminated with
administrative control
& others
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S - SafetySummary of PPEs for the safety of construction personnel:
Head protection hard hat, bump cap;
Eye and face protection safety glasses, safety goggles, face
shields;
Ear protection ear plug, ear muffs, canal caps; Respiratory protection filtration respirator, air-purifying respirator,
air-supplying respirator;
Hand and arm protection gloves, hand pads, sleeves;
Foot and leg protection foot guards, safety shoes, boots, leggings;
Fall protection safety belts, safety harness, lanyards;
Torso or body protection vests, jackets, aprons, cover-alls, full-
body suits.
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S - SafetyBasic requirements to effectively
promote safety in a job site
(acronym: SAFE ESCAPE):
Safety personnel
Ample lighting Fire protection system
Electrical hazards checked
Efficient material storage
Structural soundness
Controlled access
Adequate ventilation
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Excellent housekeeping
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T - Traffic control Construction activities
within a transportation
facility area would
result to traffic
disruption. Construction staging
must prepare a traffic
flow scheme for the
immediate relief ofvehicles traveling the
area during the
execution period.
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T - Traffic control Alternative route or
traffic diversion route
must be provided using
standard trafficengineering system.
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T - Traffic control Ineffective traffic
control scheme
would result to
encroachment of
traffic to the worksite, causing delay to
operations, or
effecting damage to
finished works.
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A - Access to work area Access to work area is a basic requirement.
Controlled access to delicate job or restricted area is
a major concern.
Site access should include access road to the area,
ingress and egress, and probably, isolation of somespecific work areas.
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A - Access to work areaACCESS ROAD
Temporary access road
need to be constructed to
transport materials,
equipment and personnelto the work area.
Access roads should be
properly maintained
throughout the duration ofthe project.
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A - Access to work areaINGRESS AND EGRESS
Controlling entrance and exit of a
construction area is not only for
safety and security, but also for
resource and quality management. The site that is protected from
external influence is cleaner, more
orderly and undisturbed.
Intrusion to job site may disturb the
delicate setting of materials (e.g.,
concrete, tiles) and the quality of
finish (e.g., painting).
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I - Impacts during construction One of the most
crucial concerns in the
construction site are
the impacts duringconstruction operation
particularly when
massive earthworks
and heavily powered
equipments areinvolved.
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I - Impacts during constructionDISRUPTION OF
PEDESTRIAN ACCESS
The disruption of a
pedestrian access route,
may create severe impactto pedestrians.
Whenever a pedestrian
access route is blocked by
the project, an alternate
circulation path shall beprovided as long as safety
warrants.
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I - Impacts during constructionCONSTRUCTION NOISE
Controlling construction
noise can pose special
problems for contractors.
Construction noisemakers can move from
one location to another
and vary in its intensity
throughout the work day.
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I - Impacts during constructionConstruction noise can be
controlled, as follows:
Incorporate noise control
in all phases of project
planning and design,
Buy Quiet Rent Quiet
Equipment
maintenance,
Barrier protection,
Work activity scheduling,
Work quiet awareness.
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I - Impacts during constructionNoise
When its not feasible
to reduce the noise
or its durationuse ear protective
devices such as ear
plug, ear muffs, canal
caps or others.
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I - Impacts during constructionCONSTRUCTION
VIBRATION
Construction activities cause
varying degrees of ground
vibration. Buildings and structures in the
vicinity may react to vibration.
Work which employs
equipment that generateserious vibration impact must
be used with extra care.
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I - Impacts during constructionCONSTRUCTION
VIBRATION
Vibration effects can range
from causing annoyance
to people inside thebuildings, to minor
(cosmetic) damage to
walls and ceilings, to major
structural damage. Special care to old
buildings close to the site
must be observed.
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I - Impacts during constructionConstruction Vibration Mitigation Design considerations and project lay-out:
Route heavily loaded trucks away from residential streets.
Operate earthmoving equipment on the construction lot as far
away from vibration-sensitive sites . Sequence of operations:
Phase demolition, earthmoving and ground-impact operations
so as not to occur in the same time period.
Avoid night time activities.
Alternative construction method:
Avoid impact pile driving in vibration-sensitive areas.
Select demolition methods not involving impact.
Avoid vibratory rollers and packers near sensitive areas.
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I - Impacts during constructionDUST
Common to construction site is the
presence of dust.
Also common to construction site is
exposed soil. When wind picks up
the dry exposed soil and carries itoff, dust become airborne.
Dust can cause the following:
create health problems
degrade the environment
create problems with visibility
damage or dirty property
create unsafe working conditions
D t C t l M
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Dust Control Measures
Dust prevention for construction activities generally seek to
minimize soil disturbance and eradication of loose soil
fines or uncovered earth surface by the following manner: Minimize disturbed surface by reducing excavation size or
number.
Limit dusty work on windy day.
Pave haul road and storage areas. If costly, pave just the
entrance/exit, then gravel the remainder.
Water or sweep the roadway often.
Limit driving speed on unpaved surfaces to 15 kph.
Prevent transport of dusty materials by rinsing vehicles and tightly
covering loaded trucks. Enclose storage and handling areas.
Keep storage piles covered when not in use. Limit the working
face of the pile to the downwind side.
Clean up dusty spills immediately.
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N - Nature protectionAs part of construction
planning, detailed
construction staging
should be sequentially
prepared incorporatingthe environmental
protection requirements.
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N - Nature protectionConstruction staging can
ensure that all land used for
quarrying activity is restored to
its equivalent condition or better
than the original condition
before the commencement of
the operations.
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N - Nature protection
Construction staging can
prevent disturbance of
vegetation or causerehabilitation of disturbed
vegetation.
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N - Nature protectionConstruction staging
plan can avoid pollution
of the air, thwart the
contamination of water
resources and cause aneffective waste disposal
in the construction area
and its periphery.
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Conclusion
Construction staging is crucial
in the over-all performance of
the construction operations.
It is as important as the
construction work itself.
Most of the construction-related
problems in project execution
are direct or indirect result of
insufficient consideration of theimportant elements in planning
the construction staging.
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Conclusion
The important factors in planning theconstruction staging are:
S U S T A I N
S- site limitationsU- utilities
S- safety
T- traffic controlA- access to work area
I - impacts during construction
N- nature protection
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POINTS TO PONDER:
WHEN SOMETHINGGOES WRONG, ITSMORE IMPORTANT TODECIDE WHOS GOINGTO FIX IT THANWHOS GOING TOBLAME.- Anonymous
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THANK YOU.
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