TeliaSonera International Carrier CONNECTIVITY FIRST WORLD PROBLEM OR BASIC HUMAN RIGHT?
INTERNET A BASIC HUMAN RIGHT? ISOC A FREE AND OPEN INTERNET BACKBONE HOW THE BACKBONE ENABLES THE INTERNET
THE SPOILED GENERATION
FIRST WORLD PROBLEMS?
HOW DID WE GET HERE?
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Michael Kende Chief Economist
Graham Minton Director, Resource
Development
A Free and Open INTERNET.
The Internet Society - keeping the Internet open, thriving, and benefitting people around the globe.
www.internetsociety.org
What is the Internet Society? The Internet Society (ISOC) is a cause-based organization that works with governments, industries, and others to ensure the technologies and policies that helped develop and evolve the Internet will continue into the future.
We believe in an Internet that is open to everyone, everywhere and aim to ensure that it will continue to be a tool for creativity, innovation, and economic growth.
MISSION: To promote the open development, evolution, and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world.
History Founded in 1992 by Internet pioneers Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn as an international non-profit organization. The Internet Society is the organizational home of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the primary entity responsible for establishing the Internet’s open standards and best practices. For more details, visit www.internetsociety.org/history
Global Presence
100+ Chapters Worldwide
65,000+ Members and Supporters
150+ Organization Members
6 Regional Bureaus
18 Countries with ISOC Offices
NORTH AMERICA
LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN
EUROPE
AFRICA
THE MIDDLE EAST
ASIA
SEPT 2014 Chapters
How We Work To Protect Our Internet
Operating at the intersection of policy, technology, and development allows the Internet Society to be a thought leader on issues key to the Internet’s continued growth and evolution.
Technology
Development Policy
The Internet Society at Work
To achieve our mission, the Internet Society:
Provides leadership in policy issues
Advocates open Internet Standards
Promotes Internet technologies that matter
Develops Internet infrastructure
Undertakes outreach that changes lives
Recognizes industry leaders
The Internet Society released its first annual Global Internet Report this year
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The Open Internet resulted from users having a central role in development and governance
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The result has been significant milestones over the past ten years
Relation Identifier 0.1 Draft
The rise of fixed broadband…
… developing countries…
… and now mobile broadband…
Mobile broadband access has made significant inroads, based in part on smartphones
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0
1'000
2'000
3'000
4'000
5'000
6'000
2011 2012 2013* 2014* 2015* 2016* 2017* 2018*
Con
nect
ions
(mill
ion)
Western Europe Central and Eastern Europe North America
Developed Asia-Pacific Emerging Asia-Pacific Middle East and North Africa
Caribbean and Latin America Sub-Saharan Africa
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013* 2014* 2015* 2016* 2017*
Han
dset
shi
pmen
ts (b
illio
n)
Smartphone Other handsets
Source: Analysys Mason, 2013
Mobile broadband is particularly growing in developing regions
22 Source: Analysys Mason, 2013
The result is some big numbers
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The open Internet offers significant opportunities
24
25
However, Internet penetration levels vary significantly
Source: ITU 2013
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The digital divide is not binary
Cannot have Internet: “no computer/internet”
“too expensive”
Could have Internet: “no interest/not useful”
“don’t know how to use/confused” “no time”
World Internet Project polled non-adopters for reasons
Source: Internet Society Global Internet Report 2014
Have Internet
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There are issues that impact each group of users or potential users
Could have Internet Cannot have Internet
• Access speeds vary greatly across countries
• Low international resilience increases disruptions
• Filtering impacts the value of Internet access
• Increased users and usage can lead to congestion
• Availability of content reduces interest
• Language of content also has a significant impact
• Location of content hosting impacts performance
• Availability issues are decreased due to mobile broadband
• Affordability is still a significant concern
Resolving each set of issues helps the next group
Have Internet
28
Have Internet
For existing users, the quality of fixed access varies significantly
Source: NetIndex 2014
The Internet is subject to disruption, often from governments to avoid short-run political uses…
29
Have Internet
Source: Renesys 2014
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… and many governments limit content over the long-run as well
Have Internet
Source: Freedom House 2013
While operators will need to address rising traffic from media-rich content
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0
'1
'2
'3
'4
'5
'6
2011 2012 2013* 2014* 2015* 2016* 2017* 2018*
Traf
fic p
er c
onne
ctio
n (M
B/m
onth
thou
sand
)
Western Europe Central and Eastern Europe North AmericaDeveloped Asia-Pacific Emerging Asia-Pacific Middle East and North AfricaLatin America Sub-Saharan Africa World
Have Internet
Source: Analysys Mason, 2013
Availability of content limits interest for non-users
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Could have Internet
Source: Google, 2013
Google Play availability by content type
33 Source: Internet Society Global Internet Report 2014
Language is a significant issue, and English remains over-represented
Could have Internet
The location of content impacts latency of access
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Could have Internet
Roundtrip time in ms to access YouTube
Source: RIPE Atlas, 2014
Impact of locally hosted content: Google Global Cache in Kenya
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Could have Internet
Google content increased as a result of the cache; all of it went through the
KIXP
Internet availability has benefited from the widespread availability of cellular
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Cellularcoverage
3G coverage Cellularpenetration
Internetpenetration
Mobilebroadbandpenetration
Fixedbroadbandpenetration
Availability and adoption in Rwanda
Mobile broadband coverage is high in many countries – Cellular coverage grew quickly in many
countries, leapfrogging fixed
– Offering Internet is not a significant upgrade on voice
Price remains a critical factor – In 2012, broadband cost 26% of average
monthly income in Rwanda
– This owes to a number of factors along the value chain
Cannot have Internet
Source: ITU, 2013
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Affordability is still a constraint in many countries Cannot have Internet
Source: Internet Society Global Internet Report 2014
Cost of broadband as % of per capita GDP
The Internet value chain contains multiple links
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Internet access service results from international and national connectivity along with last mile access
There are many points at which a policy shortfall could increase the price of Internet service and thereby lower access
This is true in spite of significant investments in recent years across the value chain
Source: Lifting barriers to Internet development in Africa
Cannot have Internet
International connectivity is increasing rapidly
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Only 2 cables existed before 2009 – SEA-ME-WE 3 (North,
2000)
– SAT3 (West Coast, 2001)
International connectivity was significant cost – Submarine cables were
monopoly operated
– Satellite access up to $2000/Mbps
Cannot have Internet
Prices of access to Europe still differ widely, particularly for landlocked countries
40 Source: Lifting barriers to Internet development in Africa
Cannot have Internet
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Recommendations
Could have Internet Cannot have Internet
• Increase operator diversity by liberalising the International gateway
• Increase network and route diversity by lowering cross-border barriers
• Increase robustness and resilience of Internet security and privacy
• Create an enabling environment for creation, use, and access to content
• Work to deploy caches and servers in country to host content locally
• Government should seed market by developing own content
• Remove domestic barriers to connectivity such as rights-of-way policies
• Remove high taxes on equipment and devices
Have Internet
Conclusion
Progress over the past ten years would have been unimaginable – Mobile broadband has overtaken fixed – Developing country users have overtaken developed country – Video has become the dominant source of traffic
As we reach 3 billion users, we have at least three challenges
– Level up the Internet so current users enjoy better services – Promote locally relevant content to generate interest – Remove roadblocks to increase affordability of access
Ten years from now we want to look back with sustained wonder
at the progress made
www.internetsociety.org
Michael Kende – Chief Economist
Graham Minton – Director, Resource Development
Thank You
HOW THE BACKBONE ENABLES THE INTERNET
US & Canada
Africa
Asia
Europe
Latin America
Internationalnternet Bandwith (Gbps)
5,000 2,500 1,000 100
Source: TeleGeography, 2014-08-14
INTERNET BANDWITH 2014
#2 Europe
Source: Renesys ranking 2014-09-29
#2 Middle
East
#2 North
America
#4 Asia
Top 2 GLOBAL
#1 South
America
INTERNET BACKBONE RANKING
But here’s the challenge…
Anywhereization means data. Staggering quantities, multiplying at a staggering rate.
The video content that will cross the world’s networks every month in 2016 would take six million years* to watch. *Source:Cisco
ONE? MEET ZERO.
ENABLING BANDWIDTH EXPLOSION
Traf
fic v
olum
e in
TS
IC’s
net
wor
k
1998 Large TSIC
clients using approx. 0.045 Gbps
2014 Large TSIC
clients using approx. 400 Gbps
+20,000% volume increase
1998 -99 -00 -01 -02 -03 -04 -05 -06 -07 -08 -09 -10 -11 2012 -13 2014
8,000 Gbps
In 2012, 50% of all internet traffic is video
CARRYING YOUR BIG IDEA
TRANSIT SERVICES CAPACITY SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
NURTURE MATURE
TSIC IP Network AS 1299
Incubation Own Premises Single Rack No AS IP Connect @ nGE
TSIC Ethernet Frankfurt
GROWING YOUR BIG IDEA
TSIC IP Network AS 1299
Growth Server farms in multiple countries Own AS Colocation Multi-homed IP Transit @ n10GE
ASxxx
ASxxx
Frankfurt
Hong Kong
New York
GROWING YOUR BIG IDEA
Relation Identifier 0.1 Draft
TSIC IP Network AS 1299
More Growth Server farms & Colocation Multi-homed IP Transit @ n10GE EVPL, ELAN between sites or branch offices (secure data transfer, backup etc.)
TSIC Ethernet
ASxxx
ASxxx
ASxxx
Frankfurt
Hong Kong
New York
GROWING YOUR BIG IDEA
TSIC IP Network AS 1299
Maturity Server farms & Colocation Multi-homed IP Transit @ n10GE EVPL, ELAN Wavelength system and Public Peering
TSIC Ethernet
ASxxx
ASxxx
ASxxx
Frankfurt
Hong Kong
New York
DWDM (n10GE & n100GE)
GROWING YOUR BIG IDEA
Relation Identifier 0.1 Draft
YOU CAN´T PREDICT THE FUTURE BUT YOU CAN BE READY
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