Circulatory, Respiratory, and Nervous Systems

Structures:– Heart– Blood– Blood vessels:

• Arteries = carry oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart

• Veins = carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

1. Gets Needed substances to cells – carried by blood – oxygen and glucose

2. Picks up waste products from cells – carbon dioxide

example: carries Oxygen (O2) to the body and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) away

Structures and Functions of the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Flow of Blood

• Start at the heart (right side)• Sent to the lungs, where I • Pick up oxygen, drop CO 2• Now I turn RED, • Then I go back to the heart (left side), where I

am• Sent to the body• Where I drop off oxygen, pick up CO 2• Now I turn Blue…• So I go back to the Heart….

Problems/Diseases

Cardiac Infarction(Heart Attack)

blood flow to a part of your heart is blocked long enough that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies.

Cardiac dysrhythmias Abnormalities of heart rhythm

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Blood flow in arteries is too high. (Heart works too hard.)

Stroke Blood clot in brain that causes brain death

Problems and Diseases

Fast FactsHow does your heart beat? The pacemaker is a group of

cells that uses electrical impulses to regulate your heartbeat!Average heart beats 100,000 times a day

Pulse Ventricles contract and send blood through the arteries – you feel the expansion/relaxation of the artery wall

Blood Pressure A measure of the pressure the blood exerts against the walls of the blood vessels – measured with a sphygmomanometer

The Respiratory System

• supply the blood with oxygen in order for the blood to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body

• It also removes Carbon Dioxide and water

The Path of Air - Nose

• Through your nostrils into the nasal cavity

• Nasal cavities are lined with mucus to trap dust and bacteria.

• The nose hairs whip the mucus into your throat – swallow

• Stomach acid kills the bacteria.

What happens when you sneeze?

• If dust and bacteria don’t make it into your stomach – it irritates your throat causing you to sneeze.

• The force of a sneeze shoots the particles out of your nose.

• http://dsc.discovery.com/tv-shows/mythbusters/videos/slow-motion-sneezes.htm

The Path of Air – the Pharynx

• The throat• Shared with the

digestive system – it is also a passageway for food.

The path of air - Trachea

• Connects the pharynx to the lungs.

• Lined with cilia and mucus

• Cough = when particles irritate the lining of the trachea, a cough sends them flying out of your body

The path of air - bronchi

• Passages that direct air into the lungs

• You have two of them – left and right.

The path of air - lungs

• The main organs of the respiratory system.

• You have 2 – right and left.

• Inside each bronchus divides into smaller and smaller tubes – ends up in the

• Alveoli• Looks like a

bunch of grapes

• Tiny sacs of lung tissue

• Surrounded by capillaries – where blood picks up oxygen from inhaled air

How you breathe

1. The lungs are surrounded by the ribs and the rib muscles and the diaphragm at the base of the lungs.

2. Inhalation – the rib muscles contract, lifting the chest wall and pushes the diaphragm down – chest cavity is larger – creates a pressure difference and lungs fill with air

3. Exhalation – rib muscles and diaphragm relax making the chest smaller – squeezes air out of the lungs

How you speak

1. Two vocal cords stretch across the opening of the larnyx – voice box

2. When you speak the vocal cords contract

3. Air rushes from the lungs causing the cords to vibrate = your voice

4. http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7267020n

Problems/DiseasesAsthma inflammation of

bronchi and bronchioles that cause difficulty in breathing/ wheezing

Bronchitis inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes

Choking (aspiration) obstruction of the flow of air into the lungs

Pneumonia inflammation of the lungs caused by infection

MORE…

pharyngitis Inflammation of pharynx (sore throat)

Laryngitis Inflammation of voice box(loss of voice)

The Nervous System

The three jobs of the nervous system:

1. Receives information about what is happening inside and outside of the body

2. Responds to information – response – a reaction that a body makes to a stimulus

3. Maintaining Homeostasis – directs the body to respond appropriately to the information it receives.

2 parts of the nervous system

• Central Nervous System – brain and spinal cord

• Peripheral Nervous System – all of the nerves located out of the CNS

Structures of the Nervous System - Neuron

• Cells that carry information through the nervous system through nerve impulses

• Three types:1. Sensory – picks up stimuli from internal or

external environment. Stimulus converted into a nerve impulse.

2. Interneuron – passes impulses from sensory neurons to the brain

3. Motor neuron – receives impulse from interneuron and sends impulse to a muscle

The Brain

• Contains about 100 billion interneurons

• Covered by three layers of connective tissue

• Cushioned by fluid to prevent injury – concussions

• http://espn.go.com/high-school/football/video/clip?id=6596951

• http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=8701368• http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=8900577• http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=8900655

How do nerve impulses travel

• Synapse – tiny space between each axon and the next structure

• Axon tip releases chemicals that let the impulse cross this space – if it doesn’t cross the message doesn’t get received.