#1 What is chromatography?
• Separation of pigments In a solvent according to their densities
• For plant pigments, we use acetone/ethanol solution
• Set-up: taper chromatography paper, mark starting point, and put just the tip in the solvent
#1 Chromatography
Different months will show different chromatography strips of pigments:SEPT. –mostly chlorophyll LATE OCT.- chlorophyll is gone
Pigments in Leaves
• carotene-yellow orange
• chlorophyll a-bright green
• Xanthophylls-yellow
• chlorophyll b-khaki green
Why do leaves change color?
• Chlorophyll breaks down and exposes the other colors that were there all along, but were masked by the green chlorophyll.
• As fall comes there
are shorter days of sunlight
• Less photosynthesis means less food for plants.
#2 Greenhouse Effect• = the capacity of certain gases in the
atmosphere to trap heat emitted from the Earth’s surface, thereby insulating and warming the Earth.
• The Greenhouse Effect (nice little link)
#2
• Man-made Greenhouse
• UV radiation can enter the glass
• Glass traps
infrared radiation and it heats up
• Earth’s Greenhouse
• UV radiation can enter through clouds
• Infrared radiation get trapped and heats up the earth
Greenhouse Gases
• Gases that absorb heat:
• carbon dioxide
• Water vapor
• Methane
• And cause global warming
#3
• Global Warming, increase in the average temperature of the atmosphere, oceans, and landmasses of Earth.
Problems with Global Warming
• Melt polar ice caps and glaciers as well as warm the oceans,
• Flooding some coastal regions and even entire islands.
• Some regions in warmer climates will receive more rainfall than before, but soils will dry out faster between storms.
More Problems with Global Warming
• This soil desiccation may damage food crops, disrupting food supplies in some parts of the world.
• Plant and animal species will shift their ranges toward the poles or to higher elevations seeking cooler temperatures, and species that cannot do so may become extinct.
More Problems
– Spreading disease – Earlier spring arrival – Plant and animal range shifts and population
changes – Coral reef bleaching – Downpours, heavy snowfalls, and flooding – Droughts and fires
Why Global Warming Could be Good
• Increased photosynthesis for agriculture and forests on a short term basis (some gardeners pump CO2 in their greenhouses)
• Some cold climates (like Canada) could have a longer growing season if warmer
Causes of Global Warming
• Carbon Dioxide from factories, cars (burning of fossil fuels)
• Nitrous oxides from airplanes’ emissions
#4
• Formula: Ozone (O3)
• GOOD FOR: ozone in the upper atmosphere protects living organisms by preventing damaging ultraviolet light from reaching the Earth's surface
• O2 - two oxygen atoms - ordinary common or garden oxygen
• O3 - three oxygen atoms - Ozone
What are CFC’s?
• The compounds that contain only carbon, chlorine, and fluorine are called Chlorofluorocarbons, usually abbreviated as CFCs.
• Banned (by Montreal Protocol) but were usually in aerosols like spray deodorants and making of Styrofoam
Why are CFC’s bad?
• Chlorine bonds with the oxygen and breaks down O3 to just O2
(non-protective layer)
• So, the earth would be left without the ozone to protect it from harmful radiation
Negative effects of ozone depletion
• Increased skin cancer and illness due to damaging the immune system
• Too much UV radiation harming aquatic young
• Especially harms phytoplankton (microscopic plants) in the oceans which feed a lot of other organisms
• The Ozone Hole-Ozone Hole Consequences (nice link)
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