Chapter 10 -Planning and Cabling Networks
Modified by Profs. Chen and Cappellino
Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:
Identify the basic network media required to make a LAN connection.
Identify the types of connections for intermediate and end device connections in a LAN.
Identify the pinout configurations for straight-through and crossover cables.
Identify the different cabling types, standards, and ports used for WAN connections.
Define the role of device management connections when using Cisco equipment.
Design an addressing scheme for an internetwork and assign ranges for hosts, network devices, and the router interface.
Compare and contrast the importance of network designs.
LAN Device: Router Routers are the primary devices ______
__________________________________________ on a router ___________
________________________ Routers ___________________________
___________________________Routers used to interconnect networks that
use different technologies. Routers can have ___________________
interfaces. __________ interfaces allow routers to
connect to the LAN media. Usually via _____________, but modules
can be added for using fiber-optics. ___________________________________
connecting the LAN to other networks.
Intranetwork Devices LAN Device: Hub and switch Hub
A _________________________________________________ over all ports.
The ports use a ____________________ approach May have reduced performance in the LAN due to collisions and recovery.
Multiple hubs can be interconnected but they remain a ______________ ______________________________
Less expensive than a switchA hub is typically chosen as an intermediary device within a small LAN
SwitchA switch ________________________________________________
_______________________________________Switch is used to segment a network into _______________________. Switch _______________________________
Each _________ on the switch creates a _______________________ Switch provides __________________________________Switch can also be used to interconnect segments of different speeds. Switch has many ____________________________ or can be used
right out of the box
Device Selection Factors To meet user requirements ______________
___________, a LAN needs to be planned and designed.
Some factors to consider:CostSpeed and Types of Ports/InterfacesExpandabilityManageabilityAdditional Features and Services
Two topics in Switch selection will be explored: Cost Interface/Port characteristics
Switch Selection Factors: Cost The cost of a switch is determined by
its capacity and features Example: the switching speed, network management capabilities, embedded security technologies, etc.
Another cost consideration is how much to __________________
_____________________________ ______________________________________________________________
We can provide a secondary central switch to operate concurrently with the primary central switch.
We can also provide additional cabling to provide multiple interconnections between the switches.
Switch Selection: Speed and Types of Ports/Interfaces
Newer computers with built-in 10/100/1000 Mbps NICs are available.
Best to choose a Layer 2 devices that can accommodate increased speeds and _____ _______________________ without replacing the central devices.
Consider _______________, _______ UTP and/or fiber, ___________ capability of ports
Router Selection Factors Cost
Routers can be expensive _________________________________ _______________________ (like fiber-optics) and other features.
Interface types Expandability
Routers come in both _________________________________ ________ configurations have a _______________ and type of ports. _______________________________ that provide the flexibility to add new
modules as requirements evolve come with a basic number of fixed ports as well as expansion slots.
Media Router’s Operating System Features
Depending on the version of the OS, the router can support certain features and services such as:
Security Quality of Service (QoS) Routing multiple Layer 3 protocols Services such as NAT and DHCP
There are other features as well…
LAN cabling- 4 areas to consider1. ______________
Location of the end devices and individual users. Uses patch cables to connect individual devices to
wall jacks. Straight-through cable is the most common patch
cable used.
2. Distribution cabling AKA ______ ______________________
Refers to the ___________________________ _________________________ in the work area.
According to standards, maximum length for a cable ________________________________________
Known as the permanent link because it is installed in the building structure.
LAN cabling- 4 areas to consider3. Telecommunications room AKA
_____________________________Contains - _____________________, and data
service units (DSUs) - that tie the network together. _______________________________________ In many organizations, the telecommunications
room also contains the _____________________.
4. ___________________________ ___________________________
Refers to the cabling used to _____________ ___________________________, where the servers are often located.
Also can _______________________________ ______________________ throughout the facility.
Sometimes routed outside the building to the WAN connection or ISP.
Backbones typically require high bandwidth media such as fiber-optic cabling to handle high traffic loads
Total Cable Length: 100 meters For UTP installations, the TIA/EIA-
568 standard specifies that the _________________ of cable- spanning __________________ __________ is limited to a _________ distance of _________
Standard states a patch cable max of __________ from
patch panel to switch/hub a patch cable max of ________ from the
device to the termination point on wall (wall receptacle)
Standard also specifies a backbone maximum of between 90m – 3000m depending on media
LAN and WAN – Types of Media Choosing the cables necessary to make a
successful LAN or WAN connection requires consideration of the different media types.
What are the different media types we’ve talked about?
Each media type has its advantages and disadvantages:
Cable length CostBandwidth Ease of installation Susceptible to EMI/RFI
Media type considerations… ______________________ - total length of cable required
to connect a device For example, UTP cabling for Ethernet, it has the recommended maximum
distance of 90 (100) meters. Fiber-optic cables may provide a greater cabling distance-up to 500 meters
to a few kilometers _____________________________________________________
____________________________________ The ________________, the more __________________ Cabling distance is a significant factor in data signal performance.
____ although fiber provides greater bandwidth than UTP, the material and installation costs are significantly higher.
____________________ different devices have different bandwidth considerations
A fiber cable may be a logical choice for a server connection which generally has a need for more bandwidth than a computer dedicated to a single user.
Wireless is supporting huge increases in bandwidth, but it has limitations in distance and power consumption.
LAN and WAN – Getting Connected Ease of Installation- varies according to cable
type, building architecture etc.____________ an ___________________________ _____________________________
__________________________________, _________ devices, such as access points, to the _____________
Requires more careful planning and testing. Many external factors, such as other radio frequency devices and
building construction, that can effect its operation. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)/Radio
Frequency Interference (RFI)Interference can be produced by electrical machines, lightning, and other communications devices, including radio equipment.
Fiber cable is the best choice. Why?Wireless is the medium _____________________
Making LAN Connections: RJ-45 connector
UTP cabling connections are specified by the Telecommunications Industry Association/ Electronics Industry Alliance (_____________)
The RJ-45 connector is the male component and is crimped on the end of the cable.
Straight-through UTP Cables For two directly connected devices
to communicate, the __________ ____________________ needs to be _____________ to the _______ ___________________________
A straight-through cable has connectors on each end that are terminated the same in accordance with either the T568A or T568B standards.
Use straight-through cables when __________________________________________________
What are some examples?
Crossover UTP Cables Crossover cables ________________
___________________________The cable must be terminated so the
_________________, taking the signal from device A at one end, is __________ ___________, on device B and vice-versa
To create the crossover, one end must be terminated as EIA/TIA _________ pinout, and the other end terminated with ______________ pinout.
What are some examples of when a crossover cable would be used?
FYI: Some newer devices may either auto-sense the required cable type or allow it to be configured
Console cables AKA Rollover cables To initially configure the Cisco device, a
___________________________________________________________________________ On Cisco equipment, configuration is done via a
___________________________________ The cable used between a terminal (computer)
and a console port is a __________________, with RJ-45 connectors.
The pinout for a rollover is exactly opposite on each end of the cable
Making WAN Connections WAN links can span extremely long
distances- even across the globe Wide area connections between
networks take a number of forms, including:
Telephone line RJ11 connectors for dialup or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connections
60 pin Serial connections Cisco routers in our lab connect using
one of two types of physical serial cables.
The first cable type has a ____________ _____________________________
The second type is a ______________ version and has a __________________
The other end of the cable is used as a V.35 connection to a Physical layer device such as a CSU/DSU.
Making WAN Connections: DCE and DTE Data Communications Equipment (_____________) –
Provides a ___________________________________________________ used to synchronize date transmission between
DCE and DTE devices It is at the WAN access provider end of the link.
Generally, the _____________________ service that synchronizes the transmitted signal. Data Terminal Equipment (____________________) –
It ______________________________ and adjusts accordingly. It is at the _____________________________ end of the link. If a serial connection is made directly to a service provider or to a device that
provides signal clocking such as a CSU/DSU, the router is the DTE and will use a DTE serial cable.
NOTE: in our _________, one local ________________ ________ and will therefore connect to the WAN using a DCE cable.
Making WAN Connections- In lab When making WAN
connections between two routers in a lab environment, connect two routers with a serial cable to simulate a point-to-point WAN link.
One router is going to be in control of clocking.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
How Many Hosts in the Network? To develop an addressing scheme for a network, start with
determining the ____________________________________The end devices requiring an IP address include (consider the future):
Other end devices such as __________, IP phones, and IP cameras
Network devices requiring an IP address include (consider the future):
Network devices requiring an IP address for management include (consider the future):
Next, determine if all hosts will be part of the same network, or whether the network as a whole will be divided into separate subnets.
Review: How is the number of hosts on one network or subnet calculated?
We need to come up with the total number of host- present and future
One per populated interface
One per device
How Many Networks?
Reasons to divide a network into subnets:____________________ - Create smaller broadcast domains_________________________________ - Consolidate users
with specific network requirements to one subnet._________________ - Different levels of network security can be
implemented based on network addresses. Counting the Subnets
__________, as a physical network segment, _______________ __________________________ for that subnet.
Each connection off a router’s interface is a separate subnet.What is the formula used to calculate the number of
subnets? Subnet Masks
Apply a unique subnet and subnet mask for each physical segmentFigure the range of usable host addresses for each subnet
Designing the Address Standard for our Internetwork
It is good practice to use ____________________ ____________________ across all subnets For example, when assigning an IP address to a router
interface that is the gateway for a LAN, it is common practice to use either the first (lowest) or last (highest) address within the subnet range.
Similarly, using a consistent pattern within subnets makes __________________________________ For example addresses within the .64 - .127 range
always represent the general users. See next slide for additional examples on our sample
topology… Important note: remember to _______________
________________________ on paper.
Example of an address pattern: FYI: some of the different categories for hosts are:
–General users
–Special users
–Network resources
–Router LAN interfaces
–Router WAN links
–Management access
Calculating Addresses
The curriculum goes step-by-step through an example in section 10.4.1- 10.4.3
They discuss the number of LAN’s needed and hosts per LAN and WAN
They then go through allocating addresses using VLSM and a non-VLSM method
Please step through that example very carefully and come in with any questions. VLSM should be review for you…
Following we will go through example Case #2
Calculating Addresses: Case 2 In this scenario we want to
subnet this internetwork while limiting the number of wasted hosts and subnets.
The figure shows _____different subnets, each with different host requirements. The given IP address is 192.168.1.0/24.
The host requirements are:NetworkA - 14 hostsNetworkB - 28 hostsNetworkC - 2 hostsNetworkD - 7 hostsNetworkE - 28 hosts
Let’s solve this challenge together…
First – shall we use VLSM or the non-VLSM method? And why?
Second- with which network should be start?
Let’s get started….
Calculating Addresses: Case 2 As we did with Case 1, we begin the process by
subnetting for the _______________________ In this case, the __________requirements are
for ____________________________________For networks ___________ are borrowed from the
____________ and the calculation is 2^5 = 32 - 2. This allows _____________________________Network B will use Subnet 0:
Host address range Network E will use Subnet 1:
Host address range The __________________________, followed
by ________________________Network ___ will use Subnet 0:
Host address range Network ____ will use Subnet 1:
Host address range Network_____ has _____________________
Network C will use Subnet 1: Host address range
The host requirements are:–NetworkA - 14 hosts
–NetworkB - 28 hosts
–NetworkC - 2 hosts
–NetworkD - 7 hosts
–NetworkE - 28 hosts
Device Interfaces Note: Cisco devices, routers, and switches have several
types of _____________________________ _____________________________________
The Ethernet interface is used for connecting cables that terminate with LAN devices such as computers and switches.
Several conventions for naming Ethernet interfaces, including AUI (older Cisco devices), ____________________________
______________________________________________Serial interfaces are used for connecting WAN devices to the CSU/DSU.For lab, we will make a ___________________________________,
and ________________________________________Like all populated LAN interfaces, the WAN interfaces are assigned
_____________________________ ______________________________________
The console interface (port) is the interface for ___________________. Also used for _____________________________Reminder: Physical security of network devices is extremely important.
Auxiliary (______________) InterfaceThis interface is used for remote ______________________________. Typically, a modem is connected to the AUX interface for dial-in access.
Making the Device Management Connection
Networking devices do not have their own monitors, keyboards, etc.
Accessing a network device for configuration, verification, or troubleshooting is made via a connection between the _______________________________
To enable this connection, the computer runs a program called a ________________________
_____________________ that allows a computer to ____________________________________
Allows a person to use the display and keyboard on one computer to operate another device
The cable connection between the computer running the terminal emulation program and the device is often made via the ___________________________
Making the Device Management Connection To connect to a router or switch, to a computer, for device
management using terminal emulation, follow these steps: Step 1:
Connect a computer to the console port using _________ The console cable, has a DB-9 connector on one end and an
RJ-45 connector on the other end. Many newer computers do not have an serial interface. You
can use a USB-to-serial cable to access the console port. Step 2:
For the purpose of this course, use _______________ as our terminal emulation program.
Found under All Programs > Accessories > Communications. Select HyperTerminal.
Open HyperTerminal, configure the port with these settings: Bits per second: 9600 bps Data bits: 8 Parity: None Stop bits: 1 Flow control: None
Step 3:Log in to the router using the terminal emulator software. You can __________________________
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