COMMUNICATION STYLESCOMMUNICATION STYLESANDAND
HOW ITS AFFECTED BY GENDERHOW ITS AFFECTED BY GENDER
Communication in OverallCommunication in Overall
Communication: The process of transferring meanings from sender to receiver.
However, a great many problems can result in failure to transfer meanings correctly
Communication style is a Communication style is a function of function of communication behaviorcommunication behavior
Communication behavior is a function of personality
ANDAND
Types of communication styleTypes of communication style
Assertive Communication
Aggressive Communication
Passive Communication
Passive-Aggressive Communication
AssertiveAssertive Pushing hard without attacking; permits others to influence outcome; expressive and self-enhancing without intruding on others.
Good eye contact; Comfortable but firm posture; Strong, steady and audible voice; Facial expressions matched to message; Appropriately serious tone; Selective interruptions to ensure understanding.
Direct and explicit language; No attributions or evaluations of others’ behavior; Use of “I” statements and cooperative “we” statements.
CommunicationCommunication Nonverbal Behavior Verbal Behavior Nonverbal Behavior Verbal Behavior
StyleStyle Description Pattern Pattern Description Pattern Pattern
Communication StylesCommunication Styles
CommunicationCommunication Nonverbal Behavior Verbal Behavior Nonverbal Behavior Verbal Behavior
StyleStyle Description Pattern Pattern Description Pattern Pattern
AggressiveAggressive Taking advantage of others; Expressive and self-enhancing at others’ expense.
Glaring eye contact; Moving or leaning too close; Threatening gestures (pointing finger); Loud Voice; Frequent interruptions.
Swear words and abusive language; Attributions and evaluations of others’ behavior; racists terms; Explicit threats or put-downs.
Communication Styles (CCommunication Styles (Continuedontinued))
Communication Styles (continued)Communication Styles (continued)CommunicationCommunication Nonverbal Behavior Verbal Behavior Nonverbal Behavior Verbal Behavior
StyleStyle Description Pattern Pattern Description Pattern Pattern
PassivePassive Encouraging others to take advantage of us; Inhibited; Self-denying.
Little eye contact; Downward glances; Slumped postures; Constantly shifting weight; Wringing hands; Weak or whiny voice.
Qualifiers (“maybe,” “kind of” ); Fillers (“uh,” “you know,” “well”); Negaters (“it’s really not that important,” “I’m not sure”).
Communication Styles Communication Styles (C(Continuedontinued))
CommunicationCommunication Nonverbal Behavior Verbal Behavior Nonverbal Behavior Verbal Behavior
StyleStyle Description Pattern Pattern Description Pattern Pattern
Passive-Passive-AggressiveAggressive
manipulate others to choose our way; We feel confused, unclear on how to feel; we get angry but not sure why. Later we possibly feel guilty.
such as sighing; rolling of eyes; and even things like hammering on the table to express anger and aggression.
Communication Styles (cCommunication Styles (continuedontinued))
smiling when angry; use sarcasm;deny there is a problem
Communication style differs by Gender
Gender Communication Gender Communication is Cross Cultural is Cross Cultural CommunicationCommunication
Gender communication patterns of women and men are refined elaborated versions of the same ones evident in the childhood games of both boys and girls.
Communication between men and women is like cross-cultural communication. Distinctive patterns. Different purposes. Different rules. Different understanding of how to interpret talk.
Due to their different approaches between men and women , women become the relationship specialists and men the task specialists.
Gender DifferencesGender Differences
Women› Prefer conversation for
rapport building.› Are more likely to
compliment.› Emphasize politeness.› More compromising.› Less suited to responsible
positions in business in upper level management role.
Gender DifferencesGender Differences
Men› Talk as a means to preserve independence and status
by displaying knowledge and skill› Work out problems on an individualized basis› Are more directive in conversation› Are more intimidating› Call attention to their accomplishments› Tend to dominate discussions during meetings› Better suited to management
MEN: WOMEN:
live in a world of status live in a world of connections
conversations are negotiations for power
conversations are negotiations for closeness
want to preserve independence want to preserve intimacy
seek to win, avoid failure seek closeness, avoid isolation
avoid taking orders (since that means low status and loss of independence)
ok with taking orders (if it is perceived as forming a connection)
seek control seek understanding
prefer inequality and asymmetry prefer equality and symmetry
are adversarial (with conflicting goals) are synergistic (with common goals)
value differences value similarities
goal of conversation: transmit information
goal of conversation: maintain interaction
offer advice seek connection and understanding
Different approaches at a Glance:
No matter how No matter how important our motives important our motives are, people read us by are, people read us by what they see and hearwhat they see and hear
not by what we want them to see and hear
ByByGROUP-4GROUP-4Biswajit Ghosh – H12Biswajit Ghosh – H12Neeraj Sharma – H30Neeraj Sharma – H30Sritanu Das Mahapatra – H57Sritanu Das Mahapatra – H57Abhisek Sahu – H3Abhisek Sahu – H3Krishnakant Pandey – H25Krishnakant Pandey – H25Debojit Roy – H66Debojit Roy – H66
© 2008 AIMS PGPM-H4.
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