Asheim, L.J., Zabron, C.N., Mwaseba, D. and EIK, L.O.
Modeling economics of carbon sequestration in Tanzanian farm production systems
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SYNOPSISSYNOPSIS
Production systems in Mgeta and Njombe
Challenges, problems and opportunities
Method
Progress farm modeling (Mgeta)
Further model development
Parameterization
Conclusion
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Vegetables in very steep slopes or terraces
Manual field work that can`t be mechanized
Two season cycles are important:
Rain:Sept.-May-270days & dry:Jun.-Aug.95days
Crop-livestock integrated production system
Dairy goats, >1500 of Norwegian breed
Pork, indigenous meat goats, and poultry
Production System in Mgeta Production System in Mgeta
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Manual field work – can be mechanized
Only one rain season (February-May)
More land with opportunities for forests
Crop-livestock dominant agricultural system
Dairy cows (Friesian, Ayshire, Jersey)
Pork, indigenous cows, goats, and poultry
Production System in NjombeProduction System in Njombe
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ChallengesChallenges
Climate change, increased population, intensive production systems, reduced land use, competition for water, poverty and malnutrition!
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Environmentally disastrous production system
Agricultural productivity can be increased:
Dairy goats and cows can milk more
Improved feeding
Improved veterinary services
Grass and multipurpose trees (MPPT) for:
Increased soil carbon sequestration
Management of erosion
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Problems and opportunities (Mgeta)Problems and opportunities (Mgeta)
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Linear programming (LP) model to identify activities with maximum objective function, not violate constraints, no negative activity
Max Z = c’x, subject to Ax≤b, x≥0
Z = objective function, farm gross marginc’ = a vector of marginal activity gross margins
x = a vector of activity levels
A = a matrix of activity resource requirements
b = a vector of resources e.g land, work h
Built in Excel, price level 2012, assumed certainty
MethodMethod
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MgetaMgeta
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Cropping homestead land (0.28 ha):
Tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage, both seasons
N-fixing: beans, green peas, both seasons
Grass, MPPT, permanent
Cropping distant farm land (0.34 ha):
Beans and maize, both seasons
Grass and MPPT, permanent (haymaking)
Both areas: Fruit trees in between
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Activities (Mgeta)Activities (Mgeta)
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Communal land: Grass and MPPT
Feed purchase: Maize bran in both seasons
Animals:
Dairy goats, for milk sale or self-sufficiency
Meat goats or pork for meat and manure
Laying hens for self-sufficiency
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Activities cont.Activities cont.
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Using mineral fertilizers and manure for crops
Adding cost of land maintenance
Hiring workers, dry and rain season
Consuming vegetable, dry and rain season
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Activities cont.Activities cont.
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Terracing and land maintenance
Terracing and land maintenance
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Categories of land according to season
Allowable number of fruit trees/ha
Allowable amounts of communal land feed
Mineral fertilizer < purchased amounts
Manure use < farm produced + purchased
Intercropping:
Potatoes < green peas in both seasons
Maize < beans in both seasons
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ResourcesResources
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Energy in feed (MJ) < produced each season
Protein in feed (kg AAT) < produced each season
Work < available time + hired each season
Family energy need (MJ) < produced each season
Protein need (kg) < produced each season
Vegetable consumed < produced amounts each season
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ResourcesResources
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Options for increased soil C sequestration:
Limit vegetable crops (e.g. only for family)
Increase grass & MPPT (e.g. 50% of area)
More purchased feed adding more manure to soils
Is less feeding of crop residues efficient for C sequestration?
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Further model developmentFurther model development
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Policy instruments:
subsidies for feed purchase,
investment support in yoghurt production
payment for permanent grassland & MPPT
support for purchase of mineral fertilizers
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Model development: cont.Model development: cont.
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Mgeta model based on questionnaire to farmers (Cuthibert N. Zabron)
Njombe questionnaire (Nina Lande)
Other areas (Haydom) and techniques (CA)
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Model parameterizationModel parameterization
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In Mgeta we basically end up with a study of economics of a changeover from vegetable crop systems to specialized dairy goat and more permant grass systems with MPPT
Njombe has not come so far, but it will be dairy cows instead of goats and forest planting for C sequestration is an issue
Other areas (Haydom) and techniques (CA) is not decided yet
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ConclusionConclusion
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Thanks for listeningThanks for listening
Norw
egia
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gr. E
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gricu
lture
(SU
A)
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