Appropriating New Urbanism Principles to the Egyptian
ContextAyat Ismail Abdel Fattah IsmailTeaching Assistant - Dept. of Urban Design & Planning
Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University
Supervised by
Prof. Dr. Youhansen Yehya EidProfessor of Urban Planning
Head of Dept. of Urban Planning & DesignFaculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University
Dr. Germine Farouk El-Gohary
Associate Professor - Dept . of Urban Planning & DesignFaculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
Raising quality of life and standard of living by creating better places to live. Reviving the lost art of place-makingRe-ordering of the built environment
to form complete cities, towns, villages, and neighborhoods
New Urbanism is an urban design movement became very popular in the
late 1980’s and early 1990’sAims to
Introduction What is New
Urbanism?
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
All uses are within easy walking distance, public transportation and light rail, well defined public
spaces, pleasant walking environment, and green spaces are available.
It promotes the creation of diverse, walkable, compact,
energetic, mixed-use communities
How?
Contains houses, work spaces, shops, entertainment, schools parks, and civic facilities
essential to the daily needs of the residents,
In other words
Introduction What is New
Urbanism?
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
Research Problem
Out of 60 planned new communities, 19 new communities were built in Egypt during the past 30 years; for many reasons – such as economy, management, implementation…..etc – only two cities could accomplish more than 50% of their target population which is very low ratio. One of the reason behind the Egyptian new cities problem is that their rational plans could not create livable communities which meet the human needs and demands.
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
Research ObjectiveThe research aims to study New
Urbanism Principles and testing them on Egyptian new cities, in order to determine the applicability of each principle on Egyptian social and physical context, also to find out the possible adaptations required for those principles according to the demands of the residents of new cities in Egypt.
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
Research Hypothesis
“New, Post and other urbanisms, they do represent different values and sensibilities. They need to be situated in time and space, contextualized in different cultures and geographies”
(Kelbaug, in Fisherman, 2005)Although Kelbaug claimed that New Urbanism principles need to be adapted to fit in different cultures and geographies, some principles are universal and should be applied (with no required adaptations) on cities regardless its location, size, or environment.
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
Research Methodology
Local Examples
International
Examples
Field Survey
Principles’ appropriating process
Theoretical
Review
General Principl
es
Egyptian New Urbanism Principles
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
Research Structure
Part 1: Theoretical Review Chapter 1: Definitions, History and Motivations.Chapter 2: Principles of New Urbanism Movement.Chapter 3: Analysis of International New
Communities.Part 2: Appropriating New Urbanism Principles
Chapter 4: Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities.
Chapter 5: NU principles’ Appropriating Process.Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations.
Part 3: AppendicesAppendix 1: Charter of New Urbanism.Appendix 2: Classification of Egyptian New
Communities.Appendix 3: Field Survey Study - Statistical
Procedures.
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
Definitions, History, and Motivations
Chapter 1
1. New Urbanism Objectives2. Reasons behind New Urbanism
emergence
3. Rise of New Urbanism
- Historical Reasons- Sprawl (Suburban pattern of development)
- Response to sprawl- Congress of New Urbanism
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
1. Walkability
2. Connectivity
3. Pedestrian Friendly designHuman ScaleCreating Public SpacesSafety
4. DiversityMixed usesMixed housing
General Principles of New Urbanism
5. Smart transportation
6. Parking alternatives
7. Sustainability
8. Increased density
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
10. Self-governing neighborhood
Chapter 2
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
1. Walkability
2. Connectivity
3. Pedestrian Friendly designHuman ScaleCreating Public SpacesSafety
4. DiversityMixed usesMixed housing
1. Walkability
General Principles of New Urbanism
Activities are within 5 to 10 min walk (1/4 mile, or 400
m) from home and work in a moderate weather
Chapter 2
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
1. Walkability
2. Connectivity
3. Pedestrian Friendly designHuman ScaleCreating Public SpacesSafety
4. DiversityMixed usesMixed housing
General Principles of New Urbanism
Chapter 2
2. Connectivity
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
1. Walkability
2. Connectivity
3. Pedestrian Friendly designHuman ScaleCreating Public SpacesSafety
4. DiversityMixed usesMixed housing
General Principles of New Urbanism
Chapter 2
3. Pedestrian Friendly design
Avenue
Main streets
Secondary streets
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
1. Walkability
2. Connectivity
3. Pedestrian Friendly designHuman ScaleCreating Public SpacesSafety
4. DiversityMixed usesMixed housing
General Principles of New Urbanism
Chapter 2
4. Diversity
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
General Principles of New Urbanism
Chapter 2
5. Smart transportation
6. Parking alternatives
7. Sustainability
8. Increased density
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
10. Self-governing neighborhood
5. Smart transportation
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
General Principles of New Urbanism
Chapter 2
5. Smart transportation
6. Parking alternatives
7. Sustainability
8. Increased density
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
10. Self-governing neighborhood
6. Parking alternatives
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
General Principles of New Urbanism
Chapter 2
5. Smart transportation
6. Parking alternatives
7. Sustainability
8. Increased density
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
10. Self-governing neighborhood
7. Sustainability
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
General Principles of New Urbanism
Chapter 2
5. Smart transportation
6. Parking alternatives
7. Sustainability
8. Increased density
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
10. Self-governing neighborhood
8. Increased density
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
General Principles of New Urbanism
Chapter 2
5. Smart transportation
6. Parking alternatives
7. Sustainability
8. Increased density
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
10. Self-governing neighborhood
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
General Principles of New Urbanism
Chapter 2
5. Smart transportation
6. Parking alternatives
7. Sustainability
8. Increased density
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
10. Self-governing neighborhood
10. Self-governing neighborhood
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
Application on International New Cities
Chapter 3
Walkability Connectivity Pedestrian friendly Diversity Smart
transit
Parking Alternative
sSustainability Increased
density
Buildings Rehabilitatio
n
Self-Governin
g
Seaside
Streets are designed as public space
Bicycling, scooting,
and walking
On-street Parking &
resi. garages accessed by
alleys
Energy
conservation strategies
Relatively Achieved
25 p/acre up to
65 p/acre
N/A N/A
King Farm
Narrow tree lined streets
with sidewalks
Shuttle
buses to main station
On-street Parking or hidden at
block backyards
Greenbelts
and air pollution reduction
Achieved
44 p/acre up to
100 p/acre
Preservation
of the old three
farmlands
N/A
Karow
Nord
Network of
public spaces
connecting mixed uses
N/A
On-street Parking &
underground parking at shopping
areas
Green
network connected to surrounding green field
Achieved
54 p/acre up to
85 p/acre
N/A N/A
Zhanggui Zhang
Green
Network of public spaces
connecting all villages
Shuttle buses
connecting neighborhoo
d centers
N/A
Green
network and air pollution
reduction
N/A N/A N/A
Achieved
AchievedAchieved
120 m
250 m
135 m
365 m195 m
170 m
195 m
350 m
520 m
455 m
300m
410m
490 m
350 m
300 m310 m
350 m180 m
220 m
280 m
610 m
425m340 m
300 m
720 m570 m
400 m
Achieved
Achieved
Achieved
Achieved
Achieved Achieved
Achieved
Achieved
Achieved
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities
Chapter 4
Current Urban Conditions from New Urbanism Perspective
10th of Ramadan city
32 Sample
6th of October city
44 Sample
New Cairo city
66 Sample
1. Physical Analysis
2. Social AnalysisField survey applied on 142
sample from New Cities residents investigated:1. Residents satisfactory
degree with their built environment
2. Their correspondences in case of applying New Urbanism principles
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities
Chapter 4
Walkability Connectivity Pedestrian friendly Diversity Smart
transitParking
Alternatives Sustainability Increased density
Buildings Rehab
Self-Governing
6th of October
Streets are treelined - no public spaces
X Tok-tok & trucks are the only public transit system
No prking lots – On
street Parking &
Under-ground garages
X No energy
conservation strategies -
no green buffer
8.2 p/acre
up to19 p/acre
X No
rehabilitation for old
buildings
X Governing on city as a whole level
New
Cairo
1s
t
Community
X No public spaces –
no safety
Microbus
for internal movement
Parking lots – On street
Parking
X No energy
conservation strategies -
no green buffer
N/A N/AX
Governing on city as a whole level
Al-Rehab
Streets are treelined –
green spaces
network
Shuttle
buses for internal
and external
movement
X No on street
parking – parking lots
only
Green
network & landscape treatments
N/A N/AX
Governing on city as a whole
level
10t
h of Ramadan
No public spaces -
Neighborhoods differ in street design
Microbus
for internal movement
Parking lots – On street
Parking
X No energy
conservation strategies -
no green buffer
9.75 p/acre
up to30.6 p/acre
N/AX
Governing on city as a whole
level
Mixed uses – repeated housing prototypes
spatially undiversified – housing prototypes
Achieved
580m600m
590m
590m1200m960m
2100m850m
350m250m
390m270m
330m
Ranges from 250 m to 2100 m
spatially undiversified – repeated housing prototypes
400 m
310 m380 m
380 m
On City level, not achieved on
block level
On City level, not achieved on block
level
On City level, not achieved on block
level
Ranges from 370 m to
750 m
Ranges from 310 m to 400 m
Ranges from 200 m to
1130 m
530 m
550 m
440 m
500 m
460 m 550 m
530 m370 m
750 m
X Repeated housing prototypes – not enough
uses
1030 m
800 m680 m
770 m
1130 m
200 m
330 m
450 m250 m 400 m
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
Chapter 4Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
NU Principles’ Appropriating Process
Chapter 5
TheoriesInternati
onal Applicati
on
Physical Analysis
Field Survey
New Urbanism Principle
s’ Applicab
ilityon
Egyptian Cities
Required
Adaptations for
American New
Urbanism Principles
+ Field Survey
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
NU Principles’ Appropriating Process
Chapter 5
Walkability
American New Urbanism Egyptian New Urbanism – Field Studies
Principle’s ApplicabilityTheories Applications
Current Urban Conditions
Residents Answer to:
Current situation Applying NU
Principle:Activities are within 5 to 10 min walk (1/4 mile, or 402 m) from home and work in a moderate weatherImportance:Encourage walking, reduce dependency on car – specially for people who can’t drive, and reduce pollution
SeasideWalking distances ranges from 180 m to 350 m = 4 to 8 min
6th of OctoberWalking distances ranges from 250 m to 1000 m = 6 to 25 min
6th of October42% of sample claimed it is not possible to walk to neigh. center
6th of October41%of car owners are ready to leave their cars & walk their daily needs.
Walking distances depend on neighborhood size which can exceed (in Egyptian cities case) 1000m in diameter. Consequently, 44% (in average) of respondents do not think of walking as a possibility, especially in high temperature & humidity. On the other hand, since 71.75% of car owners claimed that they are ready to leave their cars and walk to their daily needs. So, walkability principle can be applied on Egyptian cities. However, it needs to be adapted to environment
King FarmWalking distances ranges from 280 m to 425 m = 7 to 10 min
1st CommunityWalking distances ranges from 200 m to 1030 m = 5 to 25 min
1st Community80% of sample claimed it is not possible to walk to neigh. center
1st Community76% of car owners are ready to leave their cars & walk their daily needs.
Karow NordWalking distances ranges from 300 m to 410 m = 7 to 10 min
Al-RehabWalking distances ranges from 370 m to 750 m = 9 to 18 min
Al-Rehab16.7 % of sample claimed it is not possible to walk to neigh. center
Al-Rehab 75% of car owners are ready to leave their cars & walk their daily needs.
Zannghui ZhangCity is divided into 6 smaller villages, distances ranges from 120 m to 365m, 4 to 8 min
10th of RamadanWalking distances ranges from 310 m to 400 m = 7 to 10 min due to small neigh. size
10th of Ramadan34% of sample claimed it is not possible to walk to neigh. center
10th of Ramadan95% of car owners are ready to leave their cars & walk their daily needs.
Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context
Conclusions and Recommendations
Chapter 6Principles
’ statusNew Urbanism Principles:
Applicable Principles
Principles
need adaptation
Walkability
Connectivity
Mixed Uses
Mixed Housing
Parking Alternatives
Principles
don’t need adaptation
Human Scale
Public Spaces
Safety
Sustainability
Smart transportation
Self-Governing Neighborhood
Not Applicable principles -------------Already applied
principles Increased Density
Applicable principles
Not Applicable principles
Already applied
principles
New
Urba
nism
Pr
incip
les’
Appr
opria
ting
Proc
ess
Principles need
adaptations
Principles don’t need adaptationsPrinciples don’t need adaptations
Thank You
Top Related