Appropriating New Urbanism Principles to the Egyptian Context

Appropriating New Urbanism Principles to the Egyptian

ContextAyat Ismail Abdel Fattah IsmailTeaching Assistant - Dept. of Urban Design & Planning

Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University

Supervised by

Prof. Dr. Youhansen Yehya EidProfessor of Urban Planning

Head of Dept. of Urban Planning & DesignFaculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University

Dr. Germine Farouk El-Gohary

Associate Professor - Dept . of Urban Planning & DesignFaculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University

Appropriating NU Principles to Egyptian Context

Raising quality of life and standard of living by creating better places to live. Reviving the lost art of place-makingRe-ordering of the built environment

to form complete cities, towns, villages, and neighborhoods

New Urbanism is an urban design movement became very popular in the

late 1980’s and early 1990’sAims to

Introduction What is New

Urbanism?


All uses are within easy walking distance, public transportation and light rail, well defined public

spaces, pleasant walking environment, and green spaces are available.

It promotes the creation of diverse, walkable, compact,

energetic, mixed-use communities

How?

Contains houses, work spaces, shops, entertainment, schools parks, and civic facilities

essential to the daily needs of the residents,

In other words

Introduction What is New

Urbanism?


Research Problem

Out of 60 planned new communities, 19 new communities were built in Egypt during the past 30 years; for many reasons – such as economy, management, implementation…..etc – only two cities could accomplish more than 50% of their target population which is very low ratio. One of the reason behind the Egyptian new cities problem is that their rational plans could not create livable communities which meet the human needs and demands.


Research ObjectiveThe research aims to study New

Urbanism Principles and testing them on Egyptian new cities, in order to determine the applicability of each principle on Egyptian social and physical context, also to find out the possible adaptations required for those principles according to the demands of the residents of new cities in Egypt.


Research Hypothesis

“New, Post and other urbanisms, they do represent different values and sensibilities. They need to be situated in time and space, contextualized in different cultures and geographies”

(Kelbaug, in Fisherman, 2005)Although Kelbaug claimed that New Urbanism principles need to be adapted to fit in different cultures and geographies, some principles are universal and should be applied (with no required adaptations) on cities regardless its location, size, or environment.


Research Methodology

Local Examples

International

Examples

Field Survey

Principles’ appropriating process

Theoretical

Review

General Principl

es

Egyptian New Urbanism Principles


Research Structure

Part 1: Theoretical Review Chapter 1: Definitions, History and Motivations.Chapter 2: Principles of New Urbanism Movement.Chapter 3: Analysis of International New

Communities.Part 2: Appropriating New Urbanism Principles

Chapter 4: Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities.

Chapter 5: NU principles’ Appropriating Process.Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations.

Part 3: AppendicesAppendix 1: Charter of New Urbanism.Appendix 2: Classification of Egyptian New

Communities.Appendix 3: Field Survey Study - Statistical

Procedures.


Definitions, History, and Motivations

Chapter 1

1. New Urbanism Objectives2. Reasons behind New Urbanism

emergence

3. Rise of New Urbanism

- Historical Reasons- Sprawl (Suburban pattern of development)

- Response to sprawl- Congress of New Urbanism


1. Walkability

2. Connectivity

3. Pedestrian Friendly designHuman ScaleCreating Public SpacesSafety

4. DiversityMixed usesMixed housing

General Principles of New Urbanism

5. Smart transportation

6. Parking alternatives

7. Sustainability

8. Increased density

9. Rehabilitation of old buildings

10. Self-governing neighborhood

Chapter 2


1. Walkability

2. Connectivity



1. Walkability


Activities are within 5 to 10 min walk (1/4 mile, or 400

m) from home and work in a moderate weather

Chapter 2


1. Walkability

2. Connectivity




Chapter 2

2. Connectivity


1. Walkability

2. Connectivity




Chapter 2

3. Pedestrian Friendly design

Avenue

Main streets

Secondary streets


1. Walkability

2. Connectivity




Chapter 2

4. Diversity



Chapter 2



7. Sustainability







Chapter 2



7. Sustainability




7. Sustainability



Chapter 2



7. Sustainability






Application on International New Cities

Chapter 3

Walkability Connectivity Pedestrian friendly Diversity Smart

transit

Parking Alternative

sSustainability Increased

density

Buildings Rehabilitatio

n

Self-Governin

g

Seaside

Streets are designed as public space

Bicycling, scooting,

and walking

On-street Parking &

resi. garages accessed by

alleys

Energy

conservation strategies

Relatively Achieved

25 p/acre up to

65 p/acre

N/A N/A

King Farm

Narrow tree lined streets

with sidewalks

Shuttle

buses to main station

On-street Parking or hidden at

block backyards

Greenbelts

and air pollution reduction

Achieved

44 p/acre up to

100 p/acre

Preservation

of the old three

farmlands

N/A

Karow

Nord

Network of

public spaces

connecting mixed uses

N/A

On-street Parking &

underground parking at shopping

areas

Green

network connected to surrounding green field

Achieved

54 p/acre up to

85 p/acre

N/A N/A

Zhanggui Zhang

Green

Network of public spaces

connecting all villages

Shuttle buses

connecting neighborhoo

d centers

N/A

Green

network and air pollution

reduction

N/A N/A N/A

Achieved

AchievedAchieved

120 m

250 m

135 m

365 m195 m

170 m

195 m

350 m

520 m

455 m

300m

410m

490 m

350 m

300 m310 m

350 m180 m

220 m

280 m

610 m

425m340 m

300 m

720 m570 m

400 m

Achieved

Achieved

Achieved

Achieved

Achieved Achieved

Achieved

Achieved

Achieved


Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities

Chapter 4

Current Urban Conditions from New Urbanism Perspective

10th of Ramadan city

32 Sample

6th of October city

44 Sample

New Cairo city

66 Sample

1. Physical Analysis

2. Social AnalysisField survey applied on 142

sample from New Cities residents investigated:1. Residents satisfactory

degree with their built environment

2. Their correspondences in case of applying New Urbanism principles


Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities

Chapter 4

Walkability Connectivity Pedestrian friendly Diversity Smart

transitParking

Alternatives Sustainability Increased density

Buildings Rehab

Self-Governing

6th of October

Streets are treelined - no public spaces

X Tok-tok & trucks are the only public transit system

No prking lots – On

street Parking &

Under-ground garages

X No energy

conservation strategies -

no green buffer

8.2 p/acre

up to19 p/acre

X No

rehabilitation for old

buildings

X Governing on city as a whole level

New

Cairo

1s

t

Community

X No public spaces –

no safety

Microbus

for internal movement

Parking lots – On street

Parking

X No energy


no green buffer

N/A N/AX

Governing on city as a whole level

Al-Rehab

Streets are treelined –

green spaces

network

Shuttle

buses for internal

and external

movement

X No on street

parking – parking lots

only

Green

network & landscape treatments

N/A N/AX

Governing on city as a whole

level

10t

h of Ramadan

No public spaces -

Neighborhoods differ in street design

Microbus

for internal movement

Parking lots – On street

Parking

X No energy


no green buffer

9.75 p/acre

up to30.6 p/acre

N/AX

Governing on city as a whole

level

Mixed uses – repeated housing prototypes

spatially undiversified – housing prototypes

Achieved

580m600m

590m

590m1200m960m

2100m850m

350m250m

390m270m

330m

Ranges from 250 m to 2100 m

spatially undiversified – repeated housing prototypes

400 m

310 m380 m

380 m

On City level, not achieved on

block level

On City level, not achieved on block

level

On City level, not achieved on block

level

Ranges from 370 m to

750 m

Ranges from 310 m to 400 m

Ranges from 200 m to

1130 m

530 m

550 m

440 m

500 m

460 m 550 m

530 m370 m

750 m

X Repeated housing prototypes – not enough

uses

1030 m

800 m680 m

770 m

1130 m

200 m

330 m

450 m250 m 400 m


Chapter 4Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities


NU Principles’ Appropriating Process

Chapter 5

TheoriesInternati

onal Applicati

on

Physical Analysis

Field Survey

New Urbanism Principle

s’ Applicab

ilityon

Egyptian Cities

Required

Adaptations for

American New

Urbanism Principles

+ Field Survey


NU Principles’ Appropriating Process

Chapter 5

Walkability

American New Urbanism Egyptian New Urbanism – Field Studies

Principle’s ApplicabilityTheories Applications

Current Urban Conditions

Residents Answer to:

Current situation Applying NU

Principle:Activities are within 5 to 10 min walk (1/4 mile, or 402 m) from home and work in a moderate weatherImportance:Encourage walking, reduce dependency on car – specially for people who can’t drive, and reduce pollution

SeasideWalking distances ranges from 180 m to 350 m = 4 to 8 min

6th of OctoberWalking distances ranges from 250 m to 1000 m = 6 to 25 min

6th of October42% of sample claimed it is not possible to walk to neigh. center

6th of October41%of car owners are ready to leave their cars & walk their daily needs.

Walking distances depend on neighborhood size which can exceed (in Egyptian cities case) 1000m in diameter. Consequently, 44% (in average) of respondents do not think of walking as a possibility, especially in high temperature & humidity. On the other hand, since 71.75% of car owners claimed that they are ready to leave their cars and walk to their daily needs. So, walkability principle can be applied on Egyptian cities. However, it needs to be adapted to environment

King FarmWalking distances ranges from 280 m to 425 m = 7 to 10 min

1st CommunityWalking distances ranges from 200 m to 1030 m = 5 to 25 min

1st Community80% of sample claimed it is not possible to walk to neigh. center

1st Community76% of car owners are ready to leave their cars & walk their daily needs.

Karow NordWalking distances ranges from 300 m to 410 m = 7 to 10 min

Al-RehabWalking distances ranges from 370 m to 750 m = 9 to 18 min

Al-Rehab16.7 % of sample claimed it is not possible to walk to neigh. center

Al-Rehab 75% of car owners are ready to leave their cars & walk their daily needs.

Zannghui ZhangCity is divided into 6 smaller villages, distances ranges from 120 m to 365m, 4 to 8 min

10th of RamadanWalking distances ranges from 310 m to 400 m = 7 to 10 min due to small neigh. size

10th of Ramadan34% of sample claimed it is not possible to walk to neigh. center

10th of Ramadan95% of car owners are ready to leave their cars & walk their daily needs.


Conclusions and Recommendations

Chapter 6Principles

’ statusNew Urbanism Principles:

Applicable Principles

Principles

need adaptation

Walkability

Connectivity

Mixed Uses

Mixed Housing

Parking Alternatives

Principles

don’t need adaptation

Human Scale

Public Spaces

Safety

Sustainability

Smart transportation

Self-Governing Neighborhood

Not Applicable principles -------------Already applied

principles Increased Density

Applicable principles

Not Applicable principles

Already applied

principles

New

Urba

nism

Pr

incip

les’

Appr

opria

ting

Proc

ess

Principles need

adaptations

Principles don’t need adaptationsPrinciples don’t need adaptations

Thank You

Appropriating New Urbanism Principles to the Egyptian Context

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