+
AcidosispH < 7.35
AlkalosispH >7.45
Alters shapes of proteinsHyperkalemiaHypercalcemia
EFFECTS
DiarrheaRenal diseaseDiabetesDietAlcohol
HyperkalemiaHypercalcemiaHypoaldosteronism
CAUSESMetabolic
Impaired gas exchangeRapid shallow breathingNarcotic overdose
CAUSES
VomitingDiureticsConstipationExcess aldosterone
CAUSES
HypocalcemiaHypokalemiaLoss of HCO3-
Alters shapes of proteinsHypokalemiaHypocalcemia
EFFECTS
3 solutions to acid/base imbalances are… 1. Chemical buffers a. Bicarbonate-carbonic acid b. Protein c. Phosphate 2. Respiratory a. Increase C02, increase acid b. Decrease CO2, decrease acid 3.Kidneys a. High acid, excrete acid, absorb/make bicarbonate b. Low acid, excrete bicarbonate.
Acid [H ]+
K+ and H+exchange
K+
H+
Acidosis/Alkalosis affects K+ becauseK+ and H+ exchange across the membrane. -high H+ causes the cell to lose K+ -low H+ causes the cell to lose H+ and take up K+
K+
H+
K+ and H+exchange
K+
H+
Acidosis/Alkalosis affects K+ becauseK+ and H+ exchange across the membrane. -high H+ causes the cell to lose K+ -low H+ causes the cell to lose H+ and take up K+
K+
H+
High Acid = low pH
High base = high pH
OH
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-
Ca2+
H+
Ca2+
H+
H+ and OH- alter hydrogen bondshydrogen bonds hold proteins (especially enzymes) in their correct shape.H+ and OH- will alter protein function
H+ and OH- alter hydrogen bondshydrogen bonds hold proteins (especially enzymes) in their correct shape.H+ and OH- will alter protein function
Albumin
Albumin
H+HCO3- CO2 == =pH rapid breathing
H+ HCO3-CO2 == =pHslow breathing
Respiratory
Respiratory
HyperventilationTumors that affect respirationAltitudePsychoneurosis
CAUSES
H+CO2 == pHrapid breathing
Metabolic
H+ CO2 == pH slow breathing
Carbonic Acid Bicarbonate
Kidneys secrete HCO3
- in PCT
Kidneys secrete HCO3
- in PCTand decrease ventilation to increase CO2
COMPENSATION
COMPENSATION
Kidneys absorb and make HCO3
- in PCT and increase ventilation to decrease CO2.
Kidneys secrete H+ and make HCO3
- in PCT
COMPENSATION
COMPENSATION
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