THE KIDNEY-PRESENTED BY PUNEET GUPTA

FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEY-Fluid balance.Removal of waste

products from the blood.

Maintaining normal blood pressure by balancing electrolyte such as Na & K.

Regulating bone mineralization.

Production of RBC’s.

FILTERATION MEMBRANE-NephronsThe functional unit

of the kidney is the nephrons.

Each kidney consist of thousands of nephrons.

Nephrons contains a filtration membrane which removes excess body water and waste products.

HOW DOES KIDNEY FAIL?When the kidney not able to clean waste product

from the blood.Production of hormones go abnormal resulting

in anaemia. The capacity of kidney also decline with the age. FAILURE ARE OF TWO TYPES:Acute Kidney failure -patient treated with

dialysis for certain period until their kidney recovers.

ESRD – loss of kidney function is permanent.

SYMPTOMS OF KIDNEY FAILURENAUSEA AND VOMMITINGLOSS OF APPETITEITCHINESSHIGH B.PTIREDNESSSWOLLEN ANKLESBAD TASTE IN THE MOUTH

COMMON CAUSES FOR KIDNEY FAILURE- DIABETES MELLITUSHYPERTENSIONGLOMERULONEPHRITISVASCULAR DISEASEPOLYCYSTIC KIDNEY

DISEASE

WHAT HAPPEN IF KIDNEY FAILURE OCCURS?End Stage Renal Disease These are the successful treatment which can

be done:-PERITONEAL DIALYSISHAEMODIALYISTRANSPLANTATION These treatments can help you to stay healthy

and continue your daily activities.

HOW DOES DIALYSIS WORK?1. DIFFUSION:MOVEMENT OF

SOLUTES FROM HIGHER CONC. TO LOWER UNTIL THE EQUILIBRIUM STAGE

MAINLY SMALL MOLECULES ARE REMOVED BY DIALYSIS.

BOTH PD AND HAEMODIALYSIS BASED ON THIS.

2.OSMOSIS:-Movement of solute from low conc.

to higher until equilibrium is achieved.

-Solute- osmotic agenet normally glucose.

3.ULTRAFILTRATION:-Done by using dialysis fluid with an

increased conc. Of glucose or sugar.

-higher the glucose content the more excess fluid will b removed.

4.CONVECTION:- Concomitant of ultrafiltration- In this the fluid drags the solute

with it.

TREATMENTS

1.HAEMODIALYSIS(HD)

2.TRANPLANTATION(TX)

3.PERITONEAL DIALYSIS(PD)

P.D CARRIED OUT IN TWO WAYSManually(CAPD) Automatically(APD)

Three steps for manual treatment:

- INFLOW(fresh pd fluid)- DWELL(dialysis takes

place)- OUTFLOW (Effluent)

CYCLER

PRECAUTIONS:STERILE-(equipment free of micro-organism)CLEAN-(hand wash for 60 secs)Do not perform bag exchange where there is

lot of movement.Pets should not be in the room.Avoid distraction.Proper medication.Visit regularly to the dialysis centre.

SUGGESTIONSHydrate yourself.Avoid unnecessary medication.Avoid overloading of a kidney with

protein(only 2 ounces)Keep cholesterol in good level.Keep blood pressure in good control.

SUMMARYThe kidney plays a vital role in sustaining

life.