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acknowledgementI am glad to present my project on AARA
CHEMICALS
I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude and
sincere regards to my honourable faculty Prof. Dr
Vijay R. Chourey.
For his guidance,encouraging advice and
constructive criticism during the process of my
work for all necessary facilities to complete my
project.
I thank to all faculty for their support and
cooperation.
Jyoti Singh
Msc. final
Roll no-08
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AARA CHEMICALS
Aara chemicals a leading and a renowned name
in the field of chemicals .As being very familiar
with the name of this established firm since 15yrs
providing its fabulous service and best qualityproducts to every scale of consumer. Mr. Yogesh
Patel the founder and the Managing Director of
this company started it with an initial start in 1995
in state of Gujarat in Khambhat district and
slowly but firmly opened 1 more branch inNaroda(Gujarat). Mr. Patel keeping in view that
India is a labour oriented country, tried to put his
best efforts to utilise labour in large scale inorder
to provide the employment to the labours instead
of machinery, as this way is to a extent costlier butnational interest also values. The companys sole
motto is the wealth comes then and after, but
therelations is for now and forever.
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Aara Chemicals dealing with
synthesizing of chemicals past 15 years mainly of
copper such as copper sulphate, coppers carbonateand copper acetate etc. The company utilize the
modern but power saving equipments. Best quality
of products and delivery in right time is one of the
basic fundamental concept of this company with
which the company works accordingly. As thecompany focuses more on utilising the labour
power, it also provides good wages as compare to
others and the bonus timely and the ultimately the
best feature to provide best possible a friendly and
healthy environment.Aara Chemicals usually supplies the
products to the industries which deals with
manufacturing of paints, agriculture products,
alloys and many more. It always try to have
limited but the credible customers as they are theone for which the company is performing the work
sincerely. Most renowned industries are associated
and year by year new industries are associating but
there are also 10-15 industries which are
associated last 12yrs with us.
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Aara Chemicals provides best quality
products and services .It is also a good ground for
the freshers to gain knowledge because if it initial
start of a person is with good knowledge will lead
to work good with good and positive view. As I
gather after being associating with this company,
ultimately benefiting the person itself and also thesociety. It can be the one of the best platform for
the freshers to start their career and attain the
maximum heights of success in the field of
chemistry.
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CONTENTSIntroduction to Copper SulphateMaterial required for preparation ofCopper
Sulphate
CentrifugeHDPE
Steps for preparing Copper SulphateFlow diagram of process
Uses ofCopper SulphateStorage conditionsPrecautions
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Copper sulphateCopper(II) sulphate is the chemical compound
with the formula CuSO4. This salt exists as a
series of compounds that differ in their degree of
hydration. The anhydrous form is a pale green or
gray-white powder, whereas the pentahydrate, the
most commonly encountered salt, is bright blue.
This hydrated copper sulphate occurs in nature as
the mineral called chalcanthite. Archaic names
for copper(II) sulphate are "blue vitriol" and
"bluestone".
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Typical appearance: - Blue Solid
Analytical use: - Source of CuII ionChange in state - Melting point, 110C with
Loss of 4 mol of water
Aqueous solubility: - 33g in 100ml at
20 C
Specific gravity: - 2.28 (hydrated) 3.69anhydrous
Molecular Weight: - 249.68
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CHEMICAL PROPERTYCopper sulphate is pretty soluble and if the pH is
kept less than 7, the Ph would have a small
unpredictable effect. If a lot of sulphuric acid isused the solubility will be decreased by the
addition of a common ion "(SO4)^-2" but this
would require a very low pH. On the other hand if
the pH is significantly greater than 7 copper
hydroxide Cu(OH)2 would precipitate but undermore or less neutral conditions, i.e. pH ~7, pH has
little effect on the solubility of copper sulfate.
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MATERIAL REQUIRED FORPREPARATION OF CuSO4For preparing 5 ton of Copper Sulphate
following materials are required:-
2.5 ton of copper carbonate is required in
which copper is present in 50%.
2 ton ofsulphuric acid of 98% is required.
CuCO3 + H2SO4 + 4H2O --------------CuSO4 .5 H2O + CO2.
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CENTRIFUGECentrifugation is a process that involves the use
of the centrifugal force for the separation of
mixtures, used in industry and in laboratory
settings. More-dense components of the mixturemigrate away from the axis of the centrifuge,
while less-dense components of the mixture
migrate towards the axis. Chemists and biologists
may increase the effective gravitational force on a
test tube so as to more rapidly and completely
cause the precipitate ("pellet") to gather on the
bottom of the tube. The remaining solution is
properly called the "supernate" or "supernatant
liquid". The supernatant liquid is then either
quickly decanted from the tube without disturbing
the precipitate, or withdrawn with a Pasteur
pipette.
The rate of centrifugation is specified by
the acceleration applied to the sample, typically
measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). The
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernatanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernatanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decantationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_pipettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_pipettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_per_minutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_per_minutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_pipettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_pipettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decantationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernatanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernatanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_force8/2/2019 Aara final
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particles' settling velocity in centrifugation is a
function of their size and shape, centrifugalacceleration, the volume fraction of solids present,
the density difference between the particle and the
liquid, and the viscosity.
In the chemical and food industries, special
centrifuges can process a continuous stream ofparticle-laden liquid.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settlinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Continuous_process&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Continuous_process&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settling8/2/2019 Aara final
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hdpe bagsHigh density polyethylene (HDPE) is used in a
variety of applications and industries where
excellent impact resistance, high tensile strength,
low moisture absorption and chemical- andcorrosion-resistance properties are required.
Characteristics:
- Light-weight
Chemical-and corrosion-resistant Low moisture absorption
Non-staining
Thermoforming performance
High tensile strength
Non-toxic Meets FDA/USDA food handling guidelines
(natural colours)
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Uses:-
Industries: Chemical storage, Liquids storage,
Medical, Recreational vehicles, Thermoforming.
Applications: Light duty chain guides, Orthotic
and prosthetic devices, Secondary containment,
Tanks, Thermoformed material handling devices,
Water storage.
HDPE Bag for packaging
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Steps for preparingcopper sulphateTake required quantity of water in the reaction
vessel.
Add Sulphur acid slowly with stirringtemperature will rise.
Now start addition of copper carbonate slowly.Reaction will start it is very vigorous reaction
and temperature will rise and rise.
After addition of Copper Carbonate andstirring it will react with acid and formsolution of Copper Sulphate.
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Transfer the solution for filtration which willbe hot.
During filtration unreacted parts which isrecycled.
Transfer the filtrate for Crystallization.In the Crystalliser the Copper Sulphate
solution will cool and the crystal will beprecipitated.
During crystallization the cooling water willbe circulated in the jacket of the crystallizer.
Crystalline mass send for Centrifuge filtration.
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Crystals will be in the basket of centrifuge andmother liquor will be collected in HDPEcollection tank which is recycle in process.
Packed in HDPE bag inside liner bag wellclosed.
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Storage conditionCopper sulphate should store in a cool and dry
place. Keep containers closed. Solutions of copper
sulphate should be stored in tanks fabricated of
type 316 stainless steel, rubber lined steel tanks or
plastic tanks
PRECAUTIONSCopper Sulphate is acidic and causes severe eye
irritation. It may be irritating to the skin and may
cause sensitization reactions in certain individuals.
Avoid breathing the dust as it may be irritating to
the upper respiratory tract. Contact with eyes and
skin should be avoided through the use of safety
goggles and rubber gloves. In case of eye contact,
immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for 15
minutes and call a physician. If Copper Sulphate is
ingested, give large amounts of milk or water. Call
a physician. Contaminated clothing should be
thoroughly washed before use.
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uses of coppersulphateAgriculture Preparation of Bordeaux and Burgundy
mixtures for use as fungicides
Manufacture of other copper fungicides such ascopper-lime dust, tribasic copper sulphate,
copper carbonate and cuprous oxide
Manufacture of insecticides such as copperarsenite and Paris green
Control of fungus diseases Correction of copper deficiency in soils Correction of copper deficiency in animals Growth stimulant for fattening pigs and broiler
chickens Molluscicide for the destruction of slugs and
snails, particularly the snail host of the liver
fluke
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Public Health and Medicine Destruction of algal blooms in reservoirs and
swimming pools
Prevention of the spread of athletes foot inwarm climates, by incorporation in the flooring
mixture of swimming baths
Control of bilharzia in tropical countries, as a
molluscicide Prevention of malaria, in the preparation of
Paris green for use against mosquito larvae
Antiseptic and germicide against fungusinfections
Catalyst or raw material for the preparation ofcopper catalysts used in the manufacture ofpharmaceutical products
Industry Adhesives
Preservative in casein and other glues Additive to book binding pastes and glues, for
insecticidal purposes
Additive to animal and silicate glues to givewater resistance
Preparation of catalysts for use in many
industries
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Purification of gases, e.g. removal of hydrogenchloride and hydrogen sulphide
Chemicals Precipitation promoter in purifying zinc
sulphate solutions
Precipitation of alkaloids as double salts fromcrude extracts
Source of other copper compounds such ascopper carbonate silicate/arsenite/aceto-
arsenite/resinate/stearate/tartrate/oleate
naphthenate/chromate/chlorate/alginate/fluoride
/hydroxide, cuprous oxide/chloride/cyanide and
cuprammonium compounds
Metal and Electrical Electrolyte in copper refining Electrolyte in copper plating and electro
forming
Electrolytic manufacture of cuprouscompounds, e.g. cuprous oxide
Constituent of the electrodes and electrolytes inbatteries
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Electrolyte in the manufacture of copperpowder
Electrolyte in aluminium plating and anodising
Copper coating steel wire, prior to wire drawing Pickling copper wire, etc., prior to enamelling Providing a suitable surface for marking out
iron and steel
Mining Flotation reagent in the concentration of ores,
e.g. zinc blende
Paint Raw material for the manufacture of copper
naphthenate and other copper compounds for
use in anti-fouling paints
Preparation of certain varnish or paint dryers,e.g. copper oleate, copper stearate
Preparation of certain pigments, e.g. copperchromate, copper ferrocyanide, copperphthalocyanine
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