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acknowledgementI am glad to present my project on AARA

CHEMICALS

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude and

sincere regards to my honourable faculty Prof. Dr

Vijay R. Chourey.

For his guidance,encouraging advice and

constructive criticism during the process of my

work for all necessary facilities to complete my

project.

I thank to all faculty for their support and

cooperation.

Jyoti Singh

Msc. final

Roll no-08

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AARA CHEMICALS

Aara chemicals a leading and a renowned name

in the field of chemicals .As being very familiar

with the name of this established firm since 15yrs

providing its fabulous service and best qualityproducts to every scale of consumer. Mr. Yogesh

Patel the founder and the Managing Director of

this company started it with an initial start in 1995

in state of Gujarat in Khambhat district and

slowly but firmly opened 1 more branch inNaroda(Gujarat). Mr. Patel keeping in view that

India is a labour oriented country, tried to put his

best efforts to utilise labour in large scale inorder

to provide the employment to the labours instead

of machinery, as this way is to a extent costlier butnational interest also values. The companys sole

motto is the wealth comes then and after, but

therelations is for now and forever.

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Aara Chemicals dealing with

synthesizing of chemicals past 15 years mainly of

copper such as copper sulphate, coppers carbonateand copper acetate etc. The company utilize the

modern but power saving equipments. Best quality

of products and delivery in right time is one of the

basic fundamental concept of this company with

which the company works accordingly. As thecompany focuses more on utilising the labour

power, it also provides good wages as compare to

others and the bonus timely and the ultimately the

best feature to provide best possible a friendly and

healthy environment.Aara Chemicals usually supplies the

products to the industries which deals with

manufacturing of paints, agriculture products,

alloys and many more. It always try to have

limited but the credible customers as they are theone for which the company is performing the work

sincerely. Most renowned industries are associated

and year by year new industries are associating but

there are also 10-15 industries which are

associated last 12yrs with us.

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Aara Chemicals provides best quality

products and services .It is also a good ground for

the freshers to gain knowledge because if it initial

start of a person is with good knowledge will lead

to work good with good and positive view. As I

gather after being associating with this company,

ultimately benefiting the person itself and also thesociety. It can be the one of the best platform for

the freshers to start their career and attain the

maximum heights of success in the field of

chemistry.

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CONTENTSIntroduction to Copper SulphateMaterial required for preparation ofCopper

Sulphate

CentrifugeHDPE

Steps for preparing Copper SulphateFlow diagram of process

Uses ofCopper SulphateStorage conditionsPrecautions

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Copper sulphateCopper(II) sulphate is the chemical compound

with the formula CuSO4. This salt exists as a

series of compounds that differ in their degree of

hydration. The anhydrous form is a pale green or

gray-white powder, whereas the pentahydrate, the

most commonly encountered salt, is bright blue.

This hydrated copper sulphate occurs in nature as

the mineral called chalcanthite. Archaic names

for copper(II) sulphate are "blue vitriol" and

"bluestone".

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Typical appearance: - Blue Solid

Analytical use: - Source of CuII ionChange in state - Melting point, 110C with

Loss of 4 mol of water

Aqueous solubility: - 33g in 100ml at

20 C

Specific gravity: - 2.28 (hydrated) 3.69anhydrous

Molecular Weight: - 249.68

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CHEMICAL PROPERTYCopper sulphate is pretty soluble and if the pH is

kept less than 7, the Ph would have a small

unpredictable effect. If a lot of sulphuric acid isused the solubility will be decreased by the

addition of a common ion "(SO4)^-2" but this

would require a very low pH. On the other hand if

the pH is significantly greater than 7 copper

hydroxide Cu(OH)2 would precipitate but undermore or less neutral conditions, i.e. pH ~7, pH has

little effect on the solubility of copper sulfate.

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MATERIAL REQUIRED FORPREPARATION OF CuSO4For preparing 5 ton of Copper Sulphate

following materials are required:-

2.5 ton of copper carbonate is required in

which copper is present in 50%.

2 ton ofsulphuric acid of 98% is required.

CuCO3 + H2SO4 + 4H2O --------------CuSO4 .5 H2O + CO2.

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CENTRIFUGECentrifugation is a process that involves the use

of the centrifugal force for the separation of

mixtures, used in industry and in laboratory

settings. More-dense components of the mixturemigrate away from the axis of the centrifuge,

while less-dense components of the mixture

migrate towards the axis. Chemists and biologists

may increase the effective gravitational force on a

test tube so as to more rapidly and completely

cause the precipitate ("pellet") to gather on the

bottom of the tube. The remaining solution is

properly called the "supernate" or "supernatant

liquid". The supernatant liquid is then either

quickly decanted from the tube without disturbing

the precipitate, or withdrawn with a Pasteur

pipette.

The rate of centrifugation is specified by

the acceleration applied to the sample, typically

measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). The

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernatanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernatanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decantationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_pipettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_pipettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_per_minutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_per_minutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_pipettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_pipettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decantationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernatanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernatanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_force

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particles' settling velocity in centrifugation is a

function of their size and shape, centrifugalacceleration, the volume fraction of solids present,

the density difference between the particle and the

liquid, and the viscosity.

In the chemical and food industries, special

centrifuges can process a continuous stream ofparticle-laden liquid.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settlinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Continuous_process&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Continuous_process&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settling

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hdpe bagsHigh density polyethylene (HDPE) is used in a

variety of applications and industries where

excellent impact resistance, high tensile strength,

low moisture absorption and chemical- andcorrosion-resistance properties are required.

Characteristics:

- Light-weight

Chemical-and corrosion-resistant Low moisture absorption

Non-staining

Thermoforming performance

High tensile strength

Non-toxic Meets FDA/USDA food handling guidelines

(natural colours)

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Uses:-

Industries: Chemical storage, Liquids storage,

Medical, Recreational vehicles, Thermoforming.

Applications: Light duty chain guides, Orthotic

and prosthetic devices, Secondary containment,

Tanks, Thermoformed material handling devices,

Water storage.

HDPE Bag for packaging

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Steps for preparingcopper sulphateTake required quantity of water in the reaction

vessel.

Add Sulphur acid slowly with stirringtemperature will rise.

Now start addition of copper carbonate slowly.Reaction will start it is very vigorous reaction

and temperature will rise and rise.

After addition of Copper Carbonate andstirring it will react with acid and formsolution of Copper Sulphate.

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Transfer the solution for filtration which willbe hot.

During filtration unreacted parts which isrecycled.

Transfer the filtrate for Crystallization.In the Crystalliser the Copper Sulphate

solution will cool and the crystal will beprecipitated.

During crystallization the cooling water willbe circulated in the jacket of the crystallizer.

Crystalline mass send for Centrifuge filtration.

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Crystals will be in the basket of centrifuge andmother liquor will be collected in HDPEcollection tank which is recycle in process.

Packed in HDPE bag inside liner bag wellclosed.

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Storage conditionCopper sulphate should store in a cool and dry

place. Keep containers closed. Solutions of copper

sulphate should be stored in tanks fabricated of

type 316 stainless steel, rubber lined steel tanks or

plastic tanks

PRECAUTIONSCopper Sulphate is acidic and causes severe eye

irritation. It may be irritating to the skin and may

cause sensitization reactions in certain individuals.

Avoid breathing the dust as it may be irritating to

the upper respiratory tract. Contact with eyes and

skin should be avoided through the use of safety

goggles and rubber gloves. In case of eye contact,

immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for 15

minutes and call a physician. If Copper Sulphate is

ingested, give large amounts of milk or water. Call

a physician. Contaminated clothing should be

thoroughly washed before use.

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uses of coppersulphateAgriculture Preparation of Bordeaux and Burgundy

mixtures for use as fungicides

Manufacture of other copper fungicides such ascopper-lime dust, tribasic copper sulphate,

copper carbonate and cuprous oxide

Manufacture of insecticides such as copperarsenite and Paris green

Control of fungus diseases Correction of copper deficiency in soils Correction of copper deficiency in animals Growth stimulant for fattening pigs and broiler

chickens Molluscicide for the destruction of slugs and

snails, particularly the snail host of the liver

fluke

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Public Health and Medicine Destruction of algal blooms in reservoirs and

swimming pools

Prevention of the spread of athletes foot inwarm climates, by incorporation in the flooring

mixture of swimming baths

Control of bilharzia in tropical countries, as a

molluscicide Prevention of malaria, in the preparation of

Paris green for use against mosquito larvae

Antiseptic and germicide against fungusinfections

Catalyst or raw material for the preparation ofcopper catalysts used in the manufacture ofpharmaceutical products

Industry Adhesives

Preservative in casein and other glues Additive to book binding pastes and glues, for

insecticidal purposes

Additive to animal and silicate glues to givewater resistance

Preparation of catalysts for use in many

industries

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Purification of gases, e.g. removal of hydrogenchloride and hydrogen sulphide

Chemicals Precipitation promoter in purifying zinc

sulphate solutions

Precipitation of alkaloids as double salts fromcrude extracts

Source of other copper compounds such ascopper carbonate silicate/arsenite/aceto-

arsenite/resinate/stearate/tartrate/oleate

naphthenate/chromate/chlorate/alginate/fluoride

/hydroxide, cuprous oxide/chloride/cyanide and

cuprammonium compounds

Metal and Electrical Electrolyte in copper refining Electrolyte in copper plating and electro

forming

Electrolytic manufacture of cuprouscompounds, e.g. cuprous oxide

Constituent of the electrodes and electrolytes inbatteries

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Electrolyte in the manufacture of copperpowder

Electrolyte in aluminium plating and anodising

Copper coating steel wire, prior to wire drawing Pickling copper wire, etc., prior to enamelling Providing a suitable surface for marking out

iron and steel

Mining Flotation reagent in the concentration of ores,

e.g. zinc blende

Paint Raw material for the manufacture of copper

naphthenate and other copper compounds for

use in anti-fouling paints

Preparation of certain varnish or paint dryers,e.g. copper oleate, copper stearate

Preparation of certain pigments, e.g. copperchromate, copper ferrocyanide, copperphthalocyanine