Estudiante: M.Sc. Luís Marques
Director: Dr. Malcolm C. Burns (UPC/ETSAB/DCA - Spain)
Tutor: Dr. José António Tenedorio (UNL/FCSH/DGPR - Portugal)
Augmented Valuation of Cultural Heritage through Digital Representation based
upon Geographic Information Technologies
Presentation of the Chapter I
Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, UPC | Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I, CAI
DOCTORADO EN GESTIÓN Y VALORACION URBANA Y ARQUITECTÓNICA
Centro de Política de Suelo y Valoraciones, CPSV
Structure of the Presentation
1. Schematic’s Approach
2. Chapter 1 – Digital Representations
3. Technology for Digital Representations
3.1. Localization
3.2. Image and Processing
3.3. Communication
4. Digital Representations (at 2D, 3D, 4D)
4.1. Virtual Environment
4.2. Mixed Reality
5. Future Agenda
Chapter I Technology
1. Schematic Approach
Digital Representations
Perception / Concept
Chapter I Digital Representations Approach
Cultural Heritage Representations
[to be developed]
Digital
Representations
AND
Valuation of
Cultural
Heritage
2. Chapter 1 – Digital Representations
Introduction:
Technology has been playing an important role using scientific knowledge, methods, material and
devices to capture and disseminate Representations of Cultural Heritage.
With the evolution, in geometric progression of the technological resources, more faithful and detail
models are being developed.
Introduction:
The uncertain stands for witch are the available technologies and what are the most appropriate and
adequate to add value the Cultural Heritage, considering: available resources, type of object and
scale, data acquisitions and specifications, interoperability and compatibility, quality of information
(concerning also reliability, accuracy and coherency), efficiency, periodicity, economic viability,
contribution for scientific knowledge and end-users and for which proposes, between many other
doubts.
The Chapter One of the thesis, purposes to research the state-of-the-art and technical-scientific
solutions in the field of Geographic Information Technologies (GIT) and verify the associated
(potential) increase of the intrinsic value of Cultural Heritage regarding Digital Spatial Representations.
2. Chapter 1 – Digital Representations
1. Representations
1.1. Perception of Representation’s Concept
1.2. Digital Representations Approach
2. Geographic Information Technologies
2.1. Satellite Navigation
2.1.1. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
2.1.2. Regional Navigation Systems
2.1.3. Cellular Networks (Assisted GNSS)
2.2. Remote Sensing
2.2.1. Operation Mode Platforms
2.2.2. Sensors Systems Technology
2.3. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
3. Virtual Environment (VE)
4. Reality to Virtuality Continuum
4.1. Virtual Reality
4.2. Mixed Reality and Augmented Reality
5. Communication Networks
5.1. Internet and the World Wide Web
6. Mobile GIT at 3D and 4D, including Virtual and
Augmented Reality
7. Cultural Heritage Representations
7.1. Background of Cultural Heritage Representations
7.2. Technological Support for Cultural Heritage Progress
8. Geographic Information Technologies and Systems at
Two-Three-Four-Representational-Dimensions, broadband
Networks and their value to Cultural Heritage
2. Chapter 1 – Digital Representations
3. Technology for Digital Representations
“The position given by coordinates x, y, z (or latitude, longitude and altitude) are the bases to
measure, refer, identify, detect, locate and represent information.”
“(…) the use of coordinates as a basic and fundamental component to spatial cognition and
representations, answers the question of “where?”, especially when it is desired their insertion in
space for both real and virtual environments and internal/external representations.”
(Global, Regional, Assisted) Navigation Systems capability “(…) is especially relevant in mixed
environments where the device need to present virtual data in real place (or vice versa) and thus, may
be considered as the fundamental base connection feature between the synthetized and real world.”
“The increase investment and recent developments in Navigation Systems can be justified through
several arguments (…), such as the importance of position for different applications involving virtual
and mixed environments and representations (at 2D, 3D or 4D).”
3. Technology for Digital Representations
3.1. Localization
3. Technology for Digital Representations
The advance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the integrated use of Remote
Sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and other Geographic Information Technologies
(GIT) allows the Agents (e.g. Decision/Opinion Makers Technicians, Promoters, Public) to acquire,
analyse, model and manage fundamental information.
These technologies beside mapping can be used to other digital representations of space-time data
and applied in several Domains (e.g. Political Administrative, Social-Economic, Technical-Scientific,
Ideological-symbolic-Religious).
Earth Observation Systems, LiDAR, RaDAR and 3D/4D GIS technologies are becoming actually
common in Cultural Heritage conservation and dissemination, constituting a great advantage for
planning and management.
3.2. Image and Processing
3. Technology for Digital Representations
The association between GIT tools and the use of networks (such as Internet and the Web and/or
Cloud computing) constitutes the essential bases to access and transmit data and analysis/modelling
tools, conducting spatial analysis, creating multimedia and multidevices GIT digital (re)presentations,
at 2D, 3D and 4D (past, present, future).
The use of mobile devices for exploring and interacting with the user’s physical environment is among
the most promising improvement for (near) future services and applications, moving cyber-information
to real place (and vice-versa).
Augmented Reality (AR) appeal for dynamic systems, portable and in continuum interaction with the
real and virtual world, in order to view the physical environment augmented with digital
representations.
3.3. Comunication
4. Digital Representations
4. Digital Representations
“VE dimension in which a plurality of human participants, appropriately interfaced, may engage and
operates simulated physical elements in the environment, and interact with representations of other
individuals” (…) “giving the user a strong sense of presence.”
“Through technology, humans have the ability to present or represent VE which can be existent (real),
sometimes in a way which goes beyond reality itself.”
“As an example can be referred the use of social networks (or other other technological means, such
as Chat Rooms, Skype or Internet itself), where the virtual relations or digital representation between
people and/or entities/agents, can reach a vast number of individuals, groups of interest (in different
domains) or the entire society (independently of their physical location on Earth), in a continuous
structure system (real-time based). “
4.1. Virtual Environment (VE)
4. Digital Representations
“The VE does not substitute the real world, but in some aspects can be alternative in matter of being
(re-)present. Nowadays, VE are contributing for (re)shaping the anthropological relations and
organizational system in the planet (and beyond), concerning mostly mobility (and physical allocation
of people and data).”
“The ultimate representational system would allow the observer to interact naturally with objects and
other individuals within a simulated environment, as an experience indistinguishable from reality. “
“There is a growing interest among technicians to use 3D virtual reality models for the designing and
planning buildings, neighbourhoods and cities, providing opportunities for people to move through and
interact with spaces”(…) in present (real-time) but also in past and future (through modelling).
“The ability to learn and adapt using artificial intelligence techniques such as neural networks,
simulating the processes of the human brain, are beginning to change the contents of virtual worlds”
4.1. Virtual Environment (VE)
4. Digital Representations
MR “complements real/virtual, rather than completely replacing it, appearing to the user that the virtual
and real coexist in the same space.”
“(…) has the potential to assist decisional processes in the context of urban design and planning,
adding the capability to increase representational information (virtual or real) into the selected
environment presented (also virtual or real).”
“The incorporation GIT databases into an VE or MR system is potentially suitable for navigation
systems, urban and environmental planning, cultural and natural heritage modelling, impact or
disaster assessment/simulation, education, between other applications.”
“For example we can point the camera at the real ancient heritage position and see in the device
display, the full virtual reconstruction. It is then possible to walk around the site in the real world and
view that representation from different angles and distances and experience different colours, designs
(…)”
4.2. Mixed Reality (MR)
4. Digital Representations
“Augmented Reality (AR) applications are currently being used at some heritage sites aiming mostly to
enrich the user (e.g. tourist) experience, adding information to the real environment merged and over
the device display.”
“A combination of the two systems (3D visualization and GIS analytic capacity) provides the
fundamental capability to develop 3D GIS representations, offering the possibility for both visualization
and analysis purposes.“
“3D GIS representations can be linked with attributes of a database, augmenting virtually the real
world and allowing, for instance, to query the spatial data infrastructure and visualize the results also
in a 3D form, or conducting spatial analysis, such as visibility analysis enabling a fully interactive 4D
environment that allows users to navigate in the build VE.”
4.2. Mixed Reality (MR)
5. Future Agenda
Years 1st year (Feb.2012 to Feb.2013)
2nd year (Feb. 2013 to Feb. 2014)
3rd year (Feb. 2014 to Feb. 2015)
4th year (Feb. 2015 to Feb. 2016)
Trimesters 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th
Introduction
Literature critique (initial) - Heritage
Representations and GIT (State-of-the-art and
Concepts Analysis)
Pre-conclusions
Developing case studies
case studies results
Exploratory interviews to Agents
interview results
adequation of case studies to diferent Domains
hypothesis
Results and Conclusions
Final Revision and Delivery
Defence and Dissemination
5. Future Agenda
Estimate Timetable
Years 1st year (Feb.2012 to Feb.2013)
2nd year (Feb. 2013 to Feb. 2014)
3rd year (Feb. 2014 to Feb. 2015)
4th year (Feb. 2015 to Feb. 2016)
Trimesters 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th
Introduction
Literature critique (initial) - Heritage
Representations and GIT (State-of-the-art and
Concepts Analysis)
Pre-conclusions
Developing case studies
case studies results
Exploratory interviews to Agents
interview results
adequation of case studies to diferent Domains
hypothesis
Results and Conclusions
Final Revision and Delivery
Defence and Dissemination
5. Future Agenda
Estimate Timetable
5. Future Agenda
Working Plan (initiating the development of the Chapter II of the Thesis Proposal)
CHAPTER II – CASE STUDIES MODELS: 2D, 3D AND 4D
Justification for the paradigm and methodology
Development of case studies models (GIS, Geobrowser, GPS, WMS, RS, APP)
Case studies analysis and results
Synthesis
CHAPTER III – AUGMENTED VALUATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH GIT: AGENTS
Justification for the paradigm and methodology/research procedures
Agents analysis (technical, public, opinion/decision makers)
Exploratory inquiries and interviews
Inquiries and interview analysis and results
Pré-conclusions and implications
CHAPTER IV – AUGMENTED VALUATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH GIT: DOMAINS
Summary
Justification for the paradigm and methodology/research procedures
Adequation of case studies to different Domains (technical-scientific, social-economic, political-administrative, ideological-
symbolic-religious)
Pré-conclusions and implications
CHAPTER V – HYPOTHESES VALIDATION
Hypotheses analysis
Research problem
Implications for theory, policy and practice
Limitations
5. Future Agenda
Chapter II – Development of Case Studies, based in the following Technology
Type of
Technology Company Denomination Company Description Summary of capabilities
Remote
Sensing
Clark Labs/University IDRISI "Geospatial software for monitoring and modelling the Earth
system"
Software to analyse and
classify Remote Sensing
data
Visual Information
Solutions ENVI
"Process and analyse geospatial imagery to get the actionable
information you need"
Software to analyse and
classify Remote Sensing
data
GIS / 3D
Modelling
and Viewing
ESRI
ArcGIS Server
"ArcGIS for Server gives you the fine-grain control you need to
provide secure, reliable GIS services to every web, mobile, and
desktop application in your organization"
Software to manage Spatial
Data Infrastructures / Publish
Web Services
ArcGlobe
"Provides real-time pan and zoom of very large (hundreds of
gigabytes) of 3D raster, terrain, and vector data sets with no
perceivable hesitation on standard PC hardware"
Software to represent Spatial
Information at 3D, based on
GIS
ArcGIS for Desktop
(ArcMAP)
"A platform for designing and managing solutions through the
application of geographic knowledge" GIS software
ArcGIS 3D Analyst "View and analyse your data in a realistic perspective"
Extended toolbar for 3D
analysis in a GIS
environment
City Engine "(...) transforms 2D GIS data into smart 3D city models" 3D Modelling for urban areas
based on GIS
City Engine Web Scenes "Web Application for City Engine" Software for web
visualization/application
ArcGIS online "Create a map that can be viewed in a browser, desktop or
mobile device"
Mapping online for publishing
and interacting
Table 1 – Table with provisory technology estimated to be used in Chapter II
5. Future Agenda
Chapter II – Development of Case Studies, based in the following Technology
3D drawing Sketchup/Trimble Sketchup "Tools for drawing (...)" 3D Assisted Drawing
Geobrowser Google Google Earth
"Take a virtual journey to any location in the world. Explore 3D
buildings, imagery and terrain. Find cities, places and local
businesses"
Geobrowser
Mobile APP
(Mapping) Locus Locus "Android online/offline maps application"
Android online/offline maps
application
Mobile APP
(Augmented
Reality)
Augment Augment "Visualize 3D models in Augmented Reality" Visualize 3D models in
Augmented Reality
Laser
Scanner
Riegl, Laser
Measurement Systems Riegl
"Provide detailed and highly accurate 3D data rapidly and
efficiently" Acquire 3D data
... ... ... ... ...
Type of
Technology Company Denomination Company Description Summary of capabilities
(cont.) Table 1 – Table with provisory technology estimated to be used in Chapter II
Publications
Marques, L.; Ramalhete, F. – “Geographic Information Systems and Cloud Computing Applied to Heritage and
Greenways”, personal short biography and abstract published in the “Book of the European Seminar: Urban Project
and Greenways”, within the ambit of the Seminar “European Seminar: Urban Project and Greenways”, promoted by
Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, with the collaboration of the European Greenways Association and the
Portuguese Association of Greenways, pp. 22 and 23-28.
Presentations in Congresses
1) Marques, L.; Ramalhete, F. – “Geographic Information Systems and Cloud Computing Applied to Heritage and
Greenways”, communication presented within the ambit of the European Seminar “Urban Project and Greenways”,
promoted by Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, with the collaboration of the European Greenways Association and
the Portuguese Association of Greenways, Viana do Castelo, Portugal, November 16-17th, 2012.
2) Marques, L. Morgado, C. – “Serviços e Produtos de Informação Geográfica no Sistema de Informação para o
Património Arquitetónico (SIPA)” [Geographical Information Services and Products for the Architectural Heritage
Information System], communication presented within the ambit of the public session “Jornadas SIPA 2012” within the
initiative promoted by Council of Europe and the European Union: “European Heritage Days - The Future of Memory”,
organized by Architectural Heritage Information System (SIPA - Portugal) of the Housing and Urban Rehabilitation Institute
(IHRU - Portugal), Odivelas, Portugal, September 28th, 2012.
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