4. Digital Representations - UPC

Estudiante: M.Sc. Luís Marques

Director: Dr. Malcolm C. Burns (UPC/ETSAB/DCA - Spain)

Tutor: Dr. José António Tenedorio (UNL/FCSH/DGPR - Portugal)

Augmented Valuation of Cultural Heritage through Digital Representation based

upon Geographic Information Technologies

Presentation of the Chapter I

Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, UPC | Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I, CAI

DOCTORADO EN GESTIÓN Y VALORACION URBANA Y ARQUITECTÓNICA

Centro de Política de Suelo y Valoraciones, CPSV

Structure of the Presentation

1. Schematic’s Approach

2. Chapter 1 – Digital Representations

3. Technology for Digital Representations

3.1. Localization

3.2. Image and Processing

3.3. Communication

4. Digital Representations (at 2D, 3D, 4D)

4.1. Virtual Environment

4.2. Mixed Reality

5. Future Agenda

Chapter I Technology

1. Schematic Approach

Digital Representations

Perception / Concept

Chapter I Digital Representations Approach

Cultural Heritage Representations

[to be developed]

Digital

Representations

AND

Valuation of

Cultural

Heritage


Introduction:

Technology has been playing an important role using scientific knowledge, methods, material and

devices to capture and disseminate Representations of Cultural Heritage.

With the evolution, in geometric progression of the technological resources, more faithful and detail

models are being developed.

Introduction:

The uncertain stands for witch are the available technologies and what are the most appropriate and

adequate to add value the Cultural Heritage, considering: available resources, type of object and

scale, data acquisitions and specifications, interoperability and compatibility, quality of information

(concerning also reliability, accuracy and coherency), efficiency, periodicity, economic viability,

contribution for scientific knowledge and end-users and for which proposes, between many other

doubts.

The Chapter One of the thesis, purposes to research the state-of-the-art and technical-scientific

solutions in the field of Geographic Information Technologies (GIT) and verify the associated

(potential) increase of the intrinsic value of Cultural Heritage regarding Digital Spatial Representations.


1. Representations

1.1. Perception of Representation’s Concept

1.2. Digital Representations Approach

2. Geographic Information Technologies

2.1. Satellite Navigation

2.1.1. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

2.1.2. Regional Navigation Systems

2.1.3. Cellular Networks (Assisted GNSS)

2.2. Remote Sensing

2.2.1. Operation Mode Platforms

2.2.2. Sensors Systems Technology

2.3. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

3. Virtual Environment (VE)

4. Reality to Virtuality Continuum

4.1. Virtual Reality

4.2. Mixed Reality and Augmented Reality

5. Communication Networks

5.1. Internet and the World Wide Web

6. Mobile GIT at 3D and 4D, including Virtual and

Augmented Reality

7. Cultural Heritage Representations

7.1. Background of Cultural Heritage Representations

7.2. Technological Support for Cultural Heritage Progress

8. Geographic Information Technologies and Systems at

Two-Three-Four-Representational-Dimensions, broadband

Networks and their value to Cultural Heritage


“The position given by coordinates x, y, z (or latitude, longitude and altitude) are the bases to

measure, refer, identify, detect, locate and represent information.”

“(…) the use of coordinates as a basic and fundamental component to spatial cognition and

representations, answers the question of “where?”, especially when it is desired their insertion in

space for both real and virtual environments and internal/external representations.”

(Global, Regional, Assisted) Navigation Systems capability “(…) is especially relevant in mixed

environments where the device need to present virtual data in real place (or vice versa) and thus, may

be considered as the fundamental base connection feature between the synthetized and real world.”

“The increase investment and recent developments in Navigation Systems can be justified through

several arguments (…), such as the importance of position for different applications involving virtual

and mixed environments and representations (at 2D, 3D or 4D).”


3.1. Localization


The advance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the integrated use of Remote

Sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and other Geographic Information Technologies

(GIT) allows the Agents (e.g. Decision/Opinion Makers Technicians, Promoters, Public) to acquire,

analyse, model and manage fundamental information.

These technologies beside mapping can be used to other digital representations of space-time data

and applied in several Domains (e.g. Political Administrative, Social-Economic, Technical-Scientific,

Ideological-symbolic-Religious).

Earth Observation Systems, LiDAR, RaDAR and 3D/4D GIS technologies are becoming actually

common in Cultural Heritage conservation and dissemination, constituting a great advantage for

planning and management.

3.2. Image and Processing


The association between GIT tools and the use of networks (such as Internet and the Web and/or

Cloud computing) constitutes the essential bases to access and transmit data and analysis/modelling

tools, conducting spatial analysis, creating multimedia and multidevices GIT digital (re)presentations,

at 2D, 3D and 4D (past, present, future).

The use of mobile devices for exploring and interacting with the user’s physical environment is among

the most promising improvement for (near) future services and applications, moving cyber-information

to real place (and vice-versa).

Augmented Reality (AR) appeal for dynamic systems, portable and in continuum interaction with the

real and virtual world, in order to view the physical environment augmented with digital

representations.

3.3. Comunication

4. Digital Representations


“VE dimension in which a plurality of human participants, appropriately interfaced, may engage and

operates simulated physical elements in the environment, and interact with representations of other

individuals” (…) “giving the user a strong sense of presence.”

“Through technology, humans have the ability to present or represent VE which can be existent (real),

sometimes in a way which goes beyond reality itself.”

“As an example can be referred the use of social networks (or other other technological means, such

as Chat Rooms, Skype or Internet itself), where the virtual relations or digital representation between

people and/or entities/agents, can reach a vast number of individuals, groups of interest (in different

domains) or the entire society (independently of their physical location on Earth), in a continuous

structure system (real-time based). “

4.1. Virtual Environment (VE)


“The VE does not substitute the real world, but in some aspects can be alternative in matter of being

(re-)present. Nowadays, VE are contributing for (re)shaping the anthropological relations and

organizational system in the planet (and beyond), concerning mostly mobility (and physical allocation

of people and data).”

“The ultimate representational system would allow the observer to interact naturally with objects and

other individuals within a simulated environment, as an experience indistinguishable from reality. “

“There is a growing interest among technicians to use 3D virtual reality models for the designing and

planning buildings, neighbourhoods and cities, providing opportunities for people to move through and

interact with spaces”(…) in present (real-time) but also in past and future (through modelling).

“The ability to learn and adapt using artificial intelligence techniques such as neural networks,

simulating the processes of the human brain, are beginning to change the contents of virtual worlds”

4.1. Virtual Environment (VE)


MR “complements real/virtual, rather than completely replacing it, appearing to the user that the virtual

and real coexist in the same space.”

“(…) has the potential to assist decisional processes in the context of urban design and planning,

adding the capability to increase representational information (virtual or real) into the selected

environment presented (also virtual or real).”

“The incorporation GIT databases into an VE or MR system is potentially suitable for navigation

systems, urban and environmental planning, cultural and natural heritage modelling, impact or

disaster assessment/simulation, education, between other applications.”

“For example we can point the camera at the real ancient heritage position and see in the device

display, the full virtual reconstruction. It is then possible to walk around the site in the real world and

view that representation from different angles and distances and experience different colours, designs

(…)”

4.2. Mixed Reality (MR)


“Augmented Reality (AR) applications are currently being used at some heritage sites aiming mostly to

enrich the user (e.g. tourist) experience, adding information to the real environment merged and over

the device display.”

“A combination of the two systems (3D visualization and GIS analytic capacity) provides the

fundamental capability to develop 3D GIS representations, offering the possibility for both visualization

and analysis purposes.“

“3D GIS representations can be linked with attributes of a database, augmenting virtually the real

world and allowing, for instance, to query the spatial data infrastructure and visualize the results also

in a 3D form, or conducting spatial analysis, such as visibility analysis enabling a fully interactive 4D

environment that allows users to navigate in the build VE.”

4.2. Mixed Reality (MR)

5. Future Agenda

Years 1st year (Feb.2012 to Feb.2013)

2nd year (Feb. 2013 to Feb. 2014)

3rd year (Feb. 2014 to Feb. 2015)

4th year (Feb. 2015 to Feb. 2016)

Trimesters 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th

Introduction

Literature critique (initial) - Heritage

Representations and GIT (State-of-the-art and

Concepts Analysis)

Pre-conclusions

Developing case studies

case studies results

Exploratory interviews to Agents

interview results

adequation of case studies to diferent Domains

hypothesis

Results and Conclusions

Final Revision and Delivery

Defence and Dissemination

5. Future Agenda

Estimate Timetable

5. Future Agenda

Working Plan (initiating the development of the Chapter II of the Thesis Proposal)

CHAPTER II – CASE STUDIES MODELS: 2D, 3D AND 4D

Justification for the paradigm and methodology

Development of case studies models (GIS, Geobrowser, GPS, WMS, RS, APP)

Case studies analysis and results

Synthesis

CHAPTER III – AUGMENTED VALUATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH GIT: AGENTS

Justification for the paradigm and methodology/research procedures

Agents analysis (technical, public, opinion/decision makers)

Exploratory inquiries and interviews

Inquiries and interview analysis and results

Pré-conclusions and implications

CHAPTER IV – AUGMENTED VALUATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH GIT: DOMAINS

Summary

Justification for the paradigm and methodology/research procedures

Adequation of case studies to different Domains (technical-scientific, social-economic, political-administrative, ideological-

symbolic-religious)

Pré-conclusions and implications

CHAPTER V – HYPOTHESES VALIDATION

Hypotheses analysis

Research problem

Implications for theory, policy and practice

Limitations

5. Future Agenda

Chapter II – Development of Case Studies, based in the following Technology

Type of

Technology Company Denomination Company Description Summary of capabilities

Remote

Sensing

Clark Labs/University IDRISI "Geospatial software for monitoring and modelling the Earth

system"

Software to analyse and

classify Remote Sensing

data

Visual Information

Solutions ENVI

"Process and analyse geospatial imagery to get the actionable

information you need"

Software to analyse and

classify Remote Sensing

data

GIS / 3D

Modelling

and Viewing

ESRI

ArcGIS Server

"ArcGIS for Server gives you the fine-grain control you need to

provide secure, reliable GIS services to every web, mobile, and

desktop application in your organization"

Software to manage Spatial

Data Infrastructures / Publish

Web Services

ArcGlobe

"Provides real-time pan and zoom of very large (hundreds of

gigabytes) of 3D raster, terrain, and vector data sets with no

perceivable hesitation on standard PC hardware"

Software to represent Spatial

Information at 3D, based on

GIS

ArcGIS for Desktop

(ArcMAP)

"A platform for designing and managing solutions through the

application of geographic knowledge" GIS software

ArcGIS 3D Analyst "View and analyse your data in a realistic perspective"

Extended toolbar for 3D

analysis in a GIS

environment

City Engine "(...) transforms 2D GIS data into smart 3D city models" 3D Modelling for urban areas

based on GIS

City Engine Web Scenes "Web Application for City Engine" Software for web

visualization/application

ArcGIS online "Create a map that can be viewed in a browser, desktop or

mobile device"

Mapping online for publishing

and interacting

Table 1 – Table with provisory technology estimated to be used in Chapter II

5. Future Agenda

Chapter II – Development of Case Studies, based in the following Technology

3D drawing Sketchup/Trimble Sketchup "Tools for drawing (...)" 3D Assisted Drawing

Geobrowser Google Google Earth

"Take a virtual journey to any location in the world. Explore 3D

buildings, imagery and terrain. Find cities, places and local

businesses"

Geobrowser

Mobile APP

(Mapping) Locus Locus "Android online/offline maps application"

Android online/offline maps

application

Mobile APP

(Augmented

Reality)

Augment Augment "Visualize 3D models in Augmented Reality" Visualize 3D models in

Augmented Reality

Laser

Scanner

Riegl, Laser

Measurement Systems Riegl

"Provide detailed and highly accurate 3D data rapidly and

efficiently" Acquire 3D data

... ... ... ... ...

Type of

Technology Company Denomination Company Description Summary of capabilities

(cont.) Table 1 – Table with provisory technology estimated to be used in Chapter II

Publications

Marques, L.; Ramalhete, F. – “Geographic Information Systems and Cloud Computing Applied to Heritage and

Greenways”, personal short biography and abstract published in the “Book of the European Seminar: Urban Project

and Greenways”, within the ambit of the Seminar “European Seminar: Urban Project and Greenways”, promoted by

Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, with the collaboration of the European Greenways Association and the

Portuguese Association of Greenways, pp. 22 and 23-28.

Presentations in Congresses

1) Marques, L.; Ramalhete, F. – “Geographic Information Systems and Cloud Computing Applied to Heritage and

Greenways”, communication presented within the ambit of the European Seminar “Urban Project and Greenways”,

promoted by Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, with the collaboration of the European Greenways Association and

the Portuguese Association of Greenways, Viana do Castelo, Portugal, November 16-17th, 2012.

2) Marques, L. Morgado, C. – “Serviços e Produtos de Informação Geográfica no Sistema de Informação para o

Património Arquitetónico (SIPA)” [Geographical Information Services and Products for the Architectural Heritage

Information System], communication presented within the ambit of the public session “Jornadas SIPA 2012” within the

initiative promoted by Council of Europe and the European Union: “European Heritage Days - The Future of Memory”,

organized by Architectural Heritage Information System (SIPA - Portugal) of the Housing and Urban Rehabilitation Institute

(IHRU - Portugal), Odivelas, Portugal, September 28th, 2012.

Thank you

Luís Marques

PhD student at ETSAB|UPC

[email protected]

www.luisfilipemarques.com

4. Digital Representations - UPC

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