Download - 2002 Singapore Barak Slides

7/30/2019 2002 Singapore Barak Slides

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Nutrigation Practices

and Foliar Nutrition

in Asia

By

Dr O. Achilea, S. Raban, J. Montag and Dr E. Barak

Haifa Chemicals, Israel

Haifa is the world leader in production

and marketing of

SOLUBLE PLANT NUTRIENTS

Nutrigation

! Multi-K, Multi-npK

! Poly-Feed

! Eure-Ka

Foliar Nutrition

! Bonus-npK

! Multi-npK

! Poly-Feed Foliar

! Multi-MKP


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and marketing of


Products for Nutrigation:

! Fully soluble crystalline potassium nitrate (13-0-46)Multi-K

! Potassium nitrate enriched with fully solublephosphorus (13-3-44) Mult i -npK

! An extensive series of fully soluble and chloride- freeN-P-Ks Poly -Feed Foliar

!

Fully soluble, crystalline N-K fertilizersEure-Ka


and marketing of


Products for Foliar Feeding:

!

Potassium nitrate enriched with fully solublephosphorus (13-2-44), and special adjuvants forextended absorption by the leafBonus-npK

! potassium nitrate enriched with fully solublephosphorus (13-3-44) Mult i -npK

! An extensive series of fully soluble and chloride- freeN-P-Ks Poly-Feed

! Fully soluble, crystalline mono-potassium phosphateMult i -MKP


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What is Nutrigation ?

Plant Nutr ients supplied to the plants

via the Irrigat ionsystem

Nutr igat ion

Nutrigation: the advantages

Nutrient requirement according to crop stages

(teaspoon feeding).

More uniform distribution and closer to root

system.

Betteravailability of nutrients to plants. Nutrient uptake increases.

Reduced losses of nutrients by leaching.

Preventing damages to roots.

Less costly application labor,

Less soil compaction.

Reduced weed population.

Application flexibility (time, weather, soil).


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WATER

Macro nutrients:

N (Nitrogen), P (Phosphorus), K (Potassium)

Secondary nutrients:

Ca (Calcium), Mg (Magnesium), S (Sulfur)

Micro nutrients:

Fe (I ron), Cu (Copper), Zn (Zinc), B (Boron),

Mn (Manganese), Mo (Molybdenum) Cl

(Chloride)

PLANT NUTRIENTS

PLANTSSoil Soilless

Growing media

Nutrient Uptake Rates for Tomatoes *

* - (source: Huett 1985)

Nutrientuptake

rates(g/plant)

12 -

10 -

8 -

6 -

4 -

2 -

0 -

Time (weeks)

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18Transplant Flowering and fruiting

Vegetative growth Harvest

N

P

K

Ca

Mg


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Available K

Inavailable K

Mineral KMineral K

Non-exchangeable K(90-98 % of total)

Exchangeable K+

(1-10% of total )

Soluble K+

(1-2% of total)

90 - 95 % of K in the Soil

is NOT Available to plants

Nutrigation with Multi-Ksupplies the needed

available K+.

Potassium in the soil

NONO33--

SOIL TESTField management kit

meter

pHClCl--

meter

EC

SOIL MOISTURE

EXTRACTOR

SOIL MOISTURESOIL MOISTURE

EXTRACTOREXTRACTOR


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Quantitative

Starts after a lag and

then decreases overthe irrigation time

INJECTION METHODSINJECTION METHODS

Proportional

Constant throughout

the irrigation time.

irrigation

Nutrients

Growth stage requirement

N P2O5 K2O

kg/ha/day

Veget. growth 2. 5 0. 5 5-flowering

Nutrigation of 5 days cycle --

QuantitativeQuantitative

x 5

55 4 1555 4 15

. . .

Recommended fertilizers

multi - K MAP AN

kg/ha/day

11 0.8 3.0

120 ir ri gation daysx 11 kg/ha = 1320 kg multi-K/ha

N P2O5 K2O300 60 600


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Several simple and efficient methods

of nutrigation in Shandong, China

Several simple and efficient

methods of nutrigation

in Shandong, China


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Several simple and efficient

methods of nutrigation

in Shandong, China

Several simple and efficient methods of

nutrigation in Shandong, China


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Several simple and efficient methods of

nutrigation in Shandong, China

Nutrigation in a furrow irrigation system


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Nutrigation in a furrow irrigation system

* Allows application by controlled

nutrient concentration,

* Large area can be nutrigated.

Fertilizer pumps

InjectionInjection ororsuctionsuction by negative pressureby negative pressure(electricity, irrigation water pressure, combustion engine)(electricity, irrigation water pressure, combustion engine)

Use of liquid fertilizersUse of liquid fertilizers

(or pre(or pre--prepared from solid soluble fertilizers).prepared from solid soluble fertilizers).


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A by-pass fertilizer tank

VENTURIVENTURI(by(by--pass)pass)


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N P2O5 K2O300 60 600

Nutrients

Growth stage requirement

N P2O5 K2Og/m3 (ppm )

Veget. growth 50 10 100

-flowering

Recommended fertilizers

multi-K MAP AN

g/m3 (ppm )

220 17 60

ProportionalProportional . . .

50 m3

/day/ha x 120 ir r ig. daysx 0.220 = 1320 kg multi-K/ ha


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Potassium nitrate

Enriched potassiumnitrate

Mono-ammonium

phosphate

Mono-potassium

phosphate

Urea

Ammonium Nitrate

Potassium Sulfate

Phosphoric Acid

Nitric Acid

Magnesium Sulfate

No fertilizers

containing calcium

Potassium nitrate

Potassium nitrate

enriched with Mg

Magnesium nitrate

Urea

Calcium Nitrate

Ammonium Nitrate

No fertilizers

containing phosphates

or sulfates

Tank ATank A Tank BTank B

Chelates

Separate stock

solutions should

be prepared for

chelates and acid

solutions.


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Soilless grown crops


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Foliar NutritionFoliar Nutrition

in ASIAin ASIA

Advantages of Foliar Nutrition

! When nutrients are fixed in the soil

! To overcome limited root activity (due to

low temp., flooding, nematodes, etc.)! For fast curing of deficiencies.

! Boosting of crop performances at specific

physiological stages (flower- induction,

fruit setting, tillering, etc.).

! Compatibility with Pesticides enables tank-mixing, thereby saving labor.


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Example: nutritional requirement:

100 kg K2O / ha = 218 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit) /ha

Example: nutritional requirement:

100 kg K2O / ha = 218 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit)/ha

Soil: 1 application x 218 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit) /ha

or:

2 applications x 109 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit) kg/ha

Soil: 1 application x 218 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit)/ha

or:

2 applications x 109 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit) kg/ha

Foliar:

1 spray at 1% in 500 L/ha supplies 5 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit) / ha

In order to supply 218 kg/ha = one needs to apply 43 times

Foliar:

1 spray at 1% in 500 L/ha supplies 5 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit)/ ha

In order to supply 218 kg/ha = one needs to apply 43 times

Should I spray or soil apply?Should I spray orsoil apply?


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MultiMulti--npKnpK 1212 -- 22 -- 4444

All the benefits of Multi-K

Addition of phosphorous

Adjustable pH 5.5 - 6.5

Sticker for better efficacy

Ground application on cotton


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8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Y i e

l d -

K g

/ 3 0

m2

Results of a field trial conducted in the

Cotton Research Institute

, Turkey (1999)Antalya

* Multi K applied by 3 applications at 2% , 3% & 4%at spray volume of 400 L / ha

First harvest Second harvest

Un-sprayed

multi K *

Higher Rates

When fewer applications

are used, higher rates of

4 - 6 % Multi-K or

Bonus-npK can be applied

Higher Rates

When fewer applications

are used, higher rates of

4 - 6 % Multi-K or

Bonus-npK can be applied

FOLIAR

NUTRITION

recommendations

for most crops

FOLIAR

NUTRITION

recommendations

for most crops

Standard rate

3 - 5 % Multi-K or Bonus-npKin at least of 400 liters of

spray solution per hectare

Standard rate

3 - 5 % Multi-K orBonus-npK

in at least of 400 liters of

spray solution per hectare

Start spraying after the

first bloom.

Additional 3 to 8

sprays, once a week or

as per insecticide spray

scheduled.

Start spraying after the

first bloom.

Additional 3 to 8

sprays, once a week or

as per insecticide spray

scheduled.


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1 - Rice plant consumes

large quantity of POTASSIUM

2 The amount of available

potassium in the soil is very limited

3 The main uptake of potassium by

plants occurs within a short

period of growth stage

Only 1 to 2% of soil K is readily

available to plants

0 30 60 90 120

100

75

50

25To

tal

N P2O5 K2O

200 34 204

Rice & Potassium-nitrate a case study

Days after planting

0 30 60 90 120

Boot

StageTillering

Flower

Exertion Maturity100

75

50

25

Growth&NutrientUptake

(%ofTotal)

K Uptake

total

leav

es

culm

s

grain



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3 Add Multi-Rice and fill up water

Preparing the Multi-Rice spray solution

1- Fill the spray tank up to - with water

2 When pesticides are used, add the recommended rate

1 Tillering

2 Before flowering

3 After flowering

multi-Ric

e multi-Rice

m

ult

i-Ric

e

Spraying is timed by

growth stages:



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Field Trials with Multi-Rice, all over the world

INDIAVIET NAM

THAILAND PHILIPPINES

The effect of three foliar applications with Multi -Rice (13-3-43)

in two cultivars, on yield and net profit

(Chatpracha Sonkl ien, Nakornpatom - Thai land, 1998

DAS = Days After Sowing. Concentration ofmulti -Rice solution:

2%, 3% & 3%, respectively

** Calculation based on yield value = 171 US$/T

*** Spray volume of 375 liter / ha

multi -Rice Yield Increase / ha Net

(13-3-43) T/ha Cost Return

Treatments*** kg % US $/ha** (US$/ha) US$/ha

Control 6.63 -- -- -- -

30, 60 & 75 DAS* 8.35 1720 25.9 294 31.50 262.50

Cultivar: Photong(100 days)

Control 7.03 -- -- -- --

30, 60 & 75 DAS* 8.20 1170 16.6 200 31.50 168.50

Cultivar: Suphan 1(120 days)


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* YIELD - increases number of grains per panicle

* LOGGING - induces stem strength and reduces lodging

susceptibility

* TILLERING - favors and increases the size and the weight

of the grains

* BETTER UPTAKE - increases other nutrient responses,

particularly to N and P

* TOLERANCE TO CLIMATE - controls stomata function to

unfavorable climate

* RESISTANCE TO DISEASES - renders resistance to blast,

leaf spot and stem rot

* YIELD - increases number of grains per panicle

* LOGGING - induces stem strength and reduces lodging

susceptibility* TILLERING - favors and increases the size and the weight

of the grains

* BETTER UPTAKE - increases other nutrient responses,

particularly to N and P

* TOLERANCE TO CLIMATE - controls stomata function to

unfavorable climate

* RESISTANCE TO DISEASES - renders resistance to blast,

leaf spot and stem rot

Multi -Rice (13-2-44+) : Ideal Foliar Feeding for RiceMulti -Rice (13-2-44+) : Ideal Foliar Feeding for Rice

Pineapple & Potassium-nitrate a case study


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The root system ofpineappleis

shallow and limited

N and K must be split into several applications

Nutrient uptake

Kg ha -1 g plant -1

675 15

450 10

225 5

61 122 182 243 304 365 425 Harvest

Days from planting

Dry matter production

g plant -1 t ha -1

750 33.75

500 22.50

250 11.25

K

N

DM

Ca

PMg

Dry matter formation and nutr ient uptake of pineapple*

* - Lacoeuilhe, 1978


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FOLIAR FEEDING

Monthly ApplicationsFertilization Practice:

Rate: 4000 L spray tank 170 kg Urea + 270 kg Multi-K

+ 100 kg MgSO4

Spray tank - 4000 liters, covers 1.7 - 3.4 hectares.

Fertilizers: kg / ha - 50 - 100 Urea + 80 - 160 Multi -K

+ 30 - 60 MgSO4

Nutr ients: kg N / ha kg K2O / ha

Urea 23 - 46 - - -

Multi -K 10 - 20 36 - 73

TOTAL 33 - 66 36 - 73

Concentration: 6 - 7 % Multi -K + 4 -5 % Urea

Foliar Application ofBonus-npK

(13-2-44) in Citrus :

Citrus & Potassium-nitrate a case study


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CITRUSCITRUS

K DEFICIENCY symptoms in leaves

CITRUSCITRUS

CREASINGCREASING

SPLITTINGSPLITTING

K DEFICIENCY symptoms in the fruit


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55.9

71.3

26.6

51.7

20

30

40

50

60

70

Yield (kg/tree) Diam.>62mm (%)

The Effect ofBonus-npK (13-2-44) on Yield

and Fruit Size ofNovaTangerine

Control

Multi -K

Raber et al. 1997.

62.2

19.6

42.6

27.6

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Nova Tangerine Valencia Orange

The Effect of Multi-K on

Rind Disorders of Citrus Fruits

Control

Multi-K

SPLITTING

CREASING

Lavon et al., 1992, and Bar-Akiva,1975.


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The Contribution of Bonus-npK to

Size Distribution of the Fruit

0% 0%2%

11%

23%

27%

12%

4%

0%0% 0% 0%

3%5%

35%

16%

1% 0%

20%

41%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

Mean fruit diameter (mm)

Fruitsizeshareintreatment

Control- 0 application

Grower's practice

Bonus-npK

Multi-K 3 X 5%

in Israel),Jaffa.cv(Oranges

Nutrition 18 - 24 All year

Increase Fruit Size Auxin 1 - 2 2 - 3 months

after fruit set

Reduce Fruit Drop 2 - 4 After Fruit Set

Reduce Splitting Auxin 3 - 4 After Fruit Set

Reduce Creasing Auxin 3 - 4 After Fruit Set

Suppression of Insects 2% Spray Oil 1 - 2 All year( Ceroplastes floridensis comstock)

SUMMARY OF FOLI AR SPRAYPROGRAMS with

Multi-K

Spray concentration - 4% - 6%

Spray volume - 100 - 400 Liter/ha

Application rate - 4 kg/ha - 16 kg/ha

Auxin - 18 - 20 ppm 2,4-D, (200 - 300 ppm, NAA 10 ppm TPA)

Treatment Additive No. of Application

Applic. Time


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Bonus-npK (13-2-44)

"Residue on

citrus leaf

"8% foliar

application 6

months after

being sprayed

Bonus-npK (13-2-44)

! Leaf surface magnified

12 times

! Crystals visible

! Stomata


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MultiMultinpKnpK foliar applicationfoliar application -- MangoMango

Mango & Potassium-nitrate a case study

Response of Manila Mango to

Flower Induction Treatments

Treatment

Control (unsprayed)

Ethrel, 1000 ppm

Multi npK 2 %

Multi npK 8 %

Days After Spraying

17 38 54

% Flowering

0 0 1

0 0 9

2 27 38

26 69 77


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Flowering Response of Mango Shoots

to Four Nitrate Salts

I I I I l l

15 30 45 60 75FLOWERING ( % )

UntreatedUntreated

Calcium NitrateCalcium Nitrate

Ammonium NitrateAmmonium Nitrate

Sodium NitrateSodium Nitrate

MultiMultiKK

Foliar Applications ofFoliar Applications ofMultiMulti--npKnpK in Mango Treesin Mango Trees

Flowering InductionFirst Spray: When leaves are Mature - Dormant StageSecond Spray: 10 - 14 Days after first spray, whenever noresponse to first spray.

Fruit Retention and Yield IncreaseFirst Spray: When panicles in shoot 3 - 15 cm.Second Spray: When 50% to 100% of panicles in anthesis stage.

Foliar FeedingFirst Spray: 42 Days after flower induction.

Second Spray: 65 Days after Flower induction.


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Thank you for

your kind

attention

Dr. O. Achilea, S. Raban, J. Montagand Dr. E. Barak

Haifa Chemicals, Israel