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The Water Management Sector in India : an overview of research and acvity
INDEX
ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION ....................................................................................................................................... 2
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................... 2
PREFACE .................................................................................................................................................................... 3
THE WATER MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN INDIA1. ................................................................................................... 4
OVERALL SCENARIO1. ..................................................................................................................................... 4
DIRECTION FOR RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT2. ............................................................ 6
NATIONAL WATER MISSION1. .................................................................................................................. 6
NATIONAL DRINKING WATER MISSION2. ................................................................................................. 8
WASTEWATER TREATMENT3. ......................................................................................................................... 9
COMPANIES AND RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS IN THE INDIAN WATER MANAGEMENT SECTOR2. ..................... 10
OVERVIEW OF THE REPORT1. ....................................................................................................................... 10
ORGANIZATIONS IN WATER SUPPLy AND SANITATION2. .............................................................................. 12
Argham1. .............................................................................................................................................. 12
State Water and Sanitaon Mission, Rural Water Supply Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh2. ...........13
Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitaon3. ......................................................................................... 13
Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, IIT Bombay4. ........................................................ 15
Water and Environment Sanitaon India (WES-NET)5. .......................................................................... 16
ORGANIZATIONS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT3. ....................................................................................... 17
Pallavaram Tanners Industrial Euent Treatment Company, Ltd.1. ....................................................... 17
Central Leather Research Instute2. ...................................................................................................... 17
Ambika Projects India Ltd.3. ................................................................................................................... 18
Nuchem Ltd.4. ........................................................................................................................................ 19
UEM Group5. ......................................................................................................................................... 19
Southern Cogen Systems Pvt. Ltd.6. ....................................................................................................... 20
Naonal Environmental Engineering Research Instute (NEERI)7. ........................................................ 21
ORGANIZATIONS IN WASTEWATER CONSERVATION & RECyCLING4. ........................................................... 23
Akar Impex1. .......................................................................................................................................... 23
Linear technologies2. ............................................................................................................................. 23
Auroville Centre for Scienc Research3. .............................................................................................. 24
Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras4. ...................................................................................... 25
Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd.5. ............................................................................................................... 26
WABAG6. ................................................................................................................................................ 26
APPENDIX3. ......................................................................................................................................................... 28
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The Water Management Sector in India : an overview of research and acvity
ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION
This publicaon is presented to you as a companion to the EU India Greentech Matchmaking Event 2011, an event
organized by the European Business and Technology Centre (EBTC) and its partners, the Indo-Italian Chamber of
Commerce and Industry (IICCI), the Chamber of Commerce of Milan, Innovhub and CEIPIEMONTE.
Within the framework of the rst edion of the Indo-Italian Business Conference (IIBC), this event aims to create
connecons and foster an exchange of technologies, patents and knowledge between European and Indian
companies in the energy, environment and sustainable transport sectors.
On 27th and 29th September 2011, a European and Indian delegaon of companies and research organizaons
is meeng in two Indian cies, Mumbai and Bengaluru. Their agenda is rich with business-to-business partnering
sessions, panel and round table discussions with key government ocials and top players of the Indian industry,
networking events and site visits.
This publicaon aims to oer you an overview of the ve sectors that are relevant to the event: environmental
biotech, renewable energy, sustainable transport, water management, and solid waste management. In order
to introduce you to these elds, each volume oers a summary of relevant research, as well as a representave
collecon of organizaons acve in this space.
We hope this will be a valuable tool in the producve exchange of knowledge and experience, and the creaon of
business opportunies during the event.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are grateful to Mr. Sauro Mezze of EUTECNE for coordinang the eorts that made it possible to publish this
paper. We also give thanks to Energy Alternaves India for contribung their research.
For any queries related to this paper, please contact Mr. Gianpaolo Sarolli at the Chamber of Commerce
Milan - Innovhub.([email protected])
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PREFACE
Water can be dened as the most crical resource for Indias society from many points of view: availability, supply,
sanitaon needs, polluon and discharge. It is the most basic and primary need, but it is sll out of reach for a large
secon of the populaon, either in terms of supply or in terms of adequacy to health and sanitaon needs. It is also
a major area of environmental impact, due to the low diusion of ecient pracces of wastewater treatment.
This report deals mainly with certain aspects of water issues related to supply, conservaon and wastewater
treatment that are among the priories of the naonal water policy. The areas in which the demand of technology
is directed are also highlighted.
The Indian market for water and the development of ulies are sll not very organized and need to undergo
strong development, both in the public and the private sectors. At the same me, water is a subject widely studied
since Independence due to its crical socio-economic relevance. In India there is a huge number of instuons,
agencies, universies, NGOs and social iniaves dealing with water at dierent levels.
To oer a complete overview of the organizaons in this eld would be a huge task. We have however tried to
present a meaningful sample of key agencies operang in the water sector. India is a large country with many public
and private instuons and many local decentralized iniaves. Many acvies in this eld are also originang by
community-based acons and we did not aim to give a full extensive presentaon. Our purpose is mainly to give
an indicaon to European companies, organizaons, and research instuons about new eld of opportunies for
Transfer of Technology and to make a small step in the direcon to widen the knowledge for scope of cooperaon
between Europe and India.
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1. The Water Management Sector in India
1. OVERALL SCENARIO
The water sectors in India is characterized by several key issues:
Access to adequacy of safe water
Instuonal challenges
Service provisions
Over-extracon of groundwater and quality problems
Financial and management constraints
Water conicts
The per capita water availability at naonal level has been declining over the years. Water quality is also deteriorang
due to polluon and seasonal shortages. In rural areas water has to be fetched from distant sources and urban
areas are chronically short of water. In metros like Delhi, Bangalore or Chennai people do not have direct control
over water sources and are dependent from distant sources outside the control of the local municipal bodies (even
beyond 200 km).
The management of exisng infrastructure and of water resources itself is one of the most serious challenges.
The provision of formal irrigaon and water supply services in India is made mainly by government agencies,
while market compeon is absent. There are however important cases of partnership between public and private
enes, which have enhanced the technical experse for infrastructure projects.
The over-extracon of groundwater is another crical issue. High extracon rates, uctuang water tables,
groundwater polluon, saline intrusions are aecng the enre water supply spectrum: drinking water, irrigaon,
industrial needs. Access to groundwater wells is unhindered; there are no legal and nancial checks to ensure a
sustainable use of water.
The water sector is suering also from a severe nancial distress which is aecng not only the development of
infrastructure but also its maintenance and management. Operaonal costs are under-nanced, cost recovery is
inadequate, and there is a lack of direct linkages between revenue and expenditure.
In India therefore there is an urgent need to operate at the level of governance to be combined with appropriate
technologies to address these issues.
Supply of sweet water is undergoing severe stress. Aer the independence, in 1951, the per capita availability was
5,177 mc that were down to 1,820 mc in 2001 and are expected to reduce further to a minimum of 1,240 mc. Per
capita consumpon (89 liters) is sll quite low compared to European standards, but it is expected to double by
the mid of the century due the growth of the economy, urbanizaon, industrial development and a very water
intensive agriculture. The corresponding growth of the populaon (expected to be 1.66 billion) might create an
acute water shortage in the country.
The bulk of water consumpon in India is constuted by agriculture, with a share that ranges - according to various
esmates - between 80 and 90%.
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Water consumpon in the agricultural sector has increased aer the Green Revoluton with the introducon of
new variees of crops with beer yields but higher demand for water.
Irrigaon is one of the major factors leading to over-exploitaon of groundwater sources, which is causing
depleon of water tables in many districts in the country (at least 60% of them according to the Central Ground
Water Board) and inland salinity.
Industrial consumpon can be esmated to be minimum 6% of the total, though there are no reliable and
organized stascs. Especially for the non-government and non-corporate sector the share of water supply to
the industry is much higher. The industrial consumpon is expected to increase four mes by the mid of the
century, to reach a total share of 18%. Sectors that are very crical for the growth like energy and steel are
highly water intensive. About 75% of the total planned power capacity is generated by thermal power plants
that are highly water-consuming. India has become the h producer of steel in the world and if all projectsthat are in pipeline are implemented it will become the second largest producer by 2015. Water in industry is
used in a very inecient way. A comparison in the steel sector suggests that in India there is need to consume
10-80 mc of water to produce one MT of steel, whereas in US the consumpon of water for the same 5-10 mc.
Approximately 80% of the water used in steel plants is discharged as euent and not recycled. According to a
study by the World Bank, the producvity of water usage in Indian industry (USD generated per mc of water
used) is one of the lowest in the world.1
The share of domesc consumpon is about 5% but it is expected to grow by three mes and take a share of
11% in 2050. The growth of urbanizaon is creang higher demand at a me when many cies already face
severe shortages. Moreover the changing paern of urban consumpon is registering an increase of productswith higher water footprint.2
Procurement of drinking water is not only a problem of quanty but of quality, due to water polluon and lack
of infrastructure for supply of safe and healthy water.
Municipalies and civic corporaons in India are sll weak and low organized bodies, in spite of the 73 rd and
74th amendments of the constuon the are empowering the local bodies. Therefore they lack the nance and
technical capacity for the creaon of eecve infrastructure and ulity services. Development of the experse
for PPP is sll to take place notwithstanding few eorts.
Governance issues need to deal also with the fact that competences in the water sector are widely aributedto dierent specialized agencies. In central government, for example there is a ministry of water resources, a
ministry of drinking water & sanitaon, irrigaon is combined with the ministry for agriculture and there are
technical organizaons like the Central Water Commiee (CWC) and Central Groundwater Board (CGWC) etc.
The same structure is more or less reected at the regional level.
1 hp://www.cseindia.org/dte-supplement/industry20040215/misuse.htm
2 Data for this secon are mainly drawn from www.grailresearch.com; hp://governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/report-warns-
huge-capita-water-decline-india and Www.dae.gov.in
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2. DIRECTIONS FOR RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
In India there is a large number of iniaves and instuons dealing with water issues, ranging from public bodies,
research centers, universies, corporate enes and NGOs.
The acons undertaken are concerning several elds; here we will focus on water supply and sanitaon, water
conservaon and wastewater treatment.
2.1 NATIONAL WATER MISSION
The naonal water policy of the Ministry of Water Resources idenes the following priories for each of these areas:
WATER SUPPLY
Promote Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) to coordinate all water issues by locaon (surface,
ground), by users (rural, urban, peri-urban), or by use (domesc, irrigaon, industrial and instuonal)
Promote seawater desalinizaon through big plants and tackle the problem of saline intrusions in the aquifers
WATER CONSERVATION
Promoon of technology and systems to scale and rehabilitate community based tanks (there are more
than 580,000)
Promoon of technology and systems for rain water harvesng
Water technologies to reclaim water
Alternave technology for irrigaon
India receives abundant rainfall although it is concentrated only in certain periods of the year due to the monsoonal
climate.3 Rainwater Harvesng (RWH) is an important source of water supply that can help reduce the pressure
on groundwater and convenonal surface water. As rainfall is concentrated in periods of 3-5 months, according
to the region, it is important to develop technologies for water storage that can allow the use of water at least for
non-drinking purposes over a longer period. Rainwater harvesng can be made with the purpose of recharging
the aquifer or direct consumpon for drinking and other uses. In the rst case it can have an impact if done at a
relavely large scale or a system approach of several collecon ponds or collecon system over an extensive area.
This concept is being progressively included in the building norms. In ten states in India it has been made mandatory
to place RWH systems on roofs of all new buildings. This can allow direct reuse for the building or a large network
of water recharge system if the groundwater situaon is suitable. RWH at urban level is now pracced in few cies
like Bangalore, Chennai and Delhi. Water can also be harvested in urban areas from paved zones where there is
a high level of run-o and stored in water bodies that can be integrated in the landscape. Opons for RWH can
change according to local geological and climate condions. If there is a short gap between the raining periods or
the condions of the aquifer are not favorable or the saline intrusions are too high, then storage for consumpon
is the most adopted soluons. If the gap between raining periods is long and the soil condions allow inltraon,
then groundwater recharge is more commonly adopted.
Collecon of rainwater has been the tradional system in the villages for most of rural India. Large storage tanks
3 It can be assumed an average above 1000 mm per year for most part of the country, but there are dry are with lower precipitaon in the
West and North-West and the highest rainy area in the world in the North East (more than 11,000 mm)
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are part of the landscape. However, most of these have fallen in disuse over the me or become inecient. For the
last few years there have been several programs, also conducted with internaonal collaboraons, for water tank
rehabilitaon in rural areas that is becoming one of the milestones for improving water supply in non-urban areas.
Beyond tradional approaches, water conservaon is aided by technological innovaon. For example, micro-
irrigaon systems are now being acvely promoted in the most important agricultural states. Digital water
management systems that can help to idenfy leakages, losses and polluon points can be useful to increase the
eciency of water distribuon and preserve water resources.
In order to promote a technological approach to water management, the Ministry of Water Resources is introducing
a Decision Support System (DSS) to support planning and allow real me decision-making. The DSS aims to integrate
surface water and groundwater management and monitoring of water quality, drought and integrated operaon of
reservoirs. The Naonal Instute of Hydrology (NIH) is the nodal agency for the development of this program.
The NIH is located in Rourkee, in North India and undertakes R&D acvies in the eld of dam break ood studies,
conservaon storage of reservoirs, regulaons of spillway gates, ood control regulaons and forecasng, snow
and glacier studies, water quality, groundwater assessment, remote sensing and GIS applicaon. The instute is
also developing soware for reservoirs analysis, frequency analysis and esmaon of large catchments areas, ood
and seepage from canals.
Other instuons involved are the Central Water and Power Research Staon (CWPRS), the Central Polluon
Control Board (CPCB), the Central Water Commission (CWC), the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and the
Central Groundwater Board (CGWB). A total of nine States are parcipang to the program.
Another priority area is the introducon of smart distributed water systems, which in the Indian context can help
to promote decentralized water access, reduce energy consumpon and increase water re-use. New forms of
water control, processing, opmizaon and monitoring can also be achieved through automaon, algorithms and
neural networks, system accountability and remote monitoring.
The Naonal Water Policy idenes the following areas for research and technology development:
Hydro-meteorology
Snow and lake hydrology
Surface and ground water hydrology
River morphology and hydraulics
Assessment of water resources
Water harvesng and ground water recharge
Water quality
Water conservaon
Evaporaon and seepage losses
Recycling and re-use
Beer water management pracces and improvements in operaonal technology
Crops and cropping systems
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Soils and material research
New construcon materials and technology (with parcular reference to roller compacted concrete, ber
reinforced concrete, new methodologies in tunneling technologies, instrumentaon, advanced numerical
analysis in structures and back analysis)
Seismology and seismic design of structures
Safety and longevity of water-related structures
Economical designs for water resource projects
Risk analysis and disaster management
Use of remote sensing techniques in development and management
Use of stac ground water resource as a crisis management measure
Sedimentaon of reservoirs
Use of sea water resources
Prevenon of salinity ingress
Prevenon of water logging and soil salinity
Reclamaon of water logged and saline lands
Environmental impact
Regional equity
2.2 NATIONAL DRINKING WATER MISSION
Some important direcves for R&D acvies are also coming from the Ministry for drinking water and sanitaon
under the Rajiv Gandhi Naonal Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM). This is one of the oldest research missions
started in India. It was launched in the late 80s and it is the largest water supply program in the world, focusing mainly
on the rural populaon and aiming at cost eecve soluons for water recharge, water resources management with
community parcipaon, water treatment and water polluon control and supports R&D projects in this direcon.
The elds for R&D under the Drinking Water mission are the following:
1. Design and implementaon of environmentally friendly and self-sustaining sanitaon systems - this may includedesign of improved leach pits, other technical opons for IHHL, hygienic rural toilets, ecological sanitaon, etc.
2. Improved and more economical toilet design for children, dierently-abled persons, Emergency Situaons
with suggested cost implicaons.
3. Improved and more economical community or instuonal sanitaon systems, including for waste
management.
4. Eecveness of sanitaon models in various hydro-geological and geo-physical condions.
5. Methods of bringing about behavioral changes for sanitaon and its use.
6. Zero-discharge waste management system involving communies this considers ulizaon of kitchenwaste and methods of solid and liquid waste management.
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3. WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Wastewater treatment is one of the major issues in India for health and environment. Large urban conglomeraon
does not have adequate facilies and the same happens in most of the industrial clusters in the country. It is
esmated that less than 20% of domesc and 60% of industrial wastewater is treated. Metros and large cies
(more than 100,000 inhabitants) are treang only 29.2% of their wastewater. At a lower scale the problem is even
more acute. Smaller cies treat only 3.7% of their wastewater.
The market for infrastructure in this sector is sll very unorganized. Only 15% of the market is covered by imports
of technological equipment, but the overall demand is sll below the level of the actual need. Half of the market is
covered by investment by the public sector.
The Naonal Water mission has idened water reuse as an important priority for wastewater management,especially for irrigaon of non-food crops that can reduce demand from primary water sources. In India there are
about 73,000 ha of land are irrigated with reused water. Advanced technology for ozonizaon and chlorinaon
could be highly in demand.
Industrial euent represents the rst target for market operaon and transfer of technology. Industries in India
are oen located around sector clusters and there are several iniaves to develop infrastructure for treatment of
chemicals, dyes for texle industry, leather and tannin.
Decentralized water treatment systems (DEWATS) with aerobic treatment are an example of a European technology
that is acvely adopted in India and has a potenal for a large-scale use. They are also supported by the Central
Polluon Control Board. Due to the small-scale size of their plants, DEWATS can be successfully employed for the
villages in rural area and community based projects. It is also a valid alternave at urban level, where only a minimal
part of domesc wastewater is treated by central sewerage. Given the governance and nancial constraints in
infrastructure development it can be a viable alternave at the level of condominium or small residenal areas that
can be integrated also into the landscaping.
At larger scale applicaon there is a wide scope for ulizaon of Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) and transfer of
technology from Europe as research in this segment are not so much developed in India.
Research is also being conducted on applicaons of bio-technology on the treatment of industrial euents
especially for paper and pulp industry, electroplang, disllery, tannery, dye and reneries and bio-sensors for
detecon of pollutants, especially residues of pescides and bio-diversity.
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2. COMPANIES AND RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS IN THE INDIAN
WATER MANAGEMENT SECTOR
1. Overview of the Report
This document contains the proles of Indian companies, research instutes and Non-Governmental Organizaons
(NGO) that are involved in:
Water supply and sanitaonA)
Waste water treatment (Industrial waste water treatment)B)
Waste water conservaon & recyclingC)
EAI has idened the following prominent companies, research organizaons and individual experts working
in the following areas:
Water Supply and Sanitaon (inclusive of Water Conservaon): 5
Waste Water Treatment (Industrial waste water treatment): 7
Waste Water Conservaon & Recycling: 6
Research Methodology
The table below lists out the companies/organizaons/research academia carrying out research on various waste
water resources.
Company/Research Instute/
NGO
Main-line of acvity Website
Water Supply and Sanitaon
Argham Water supply and
sanitaon
www.arghyam.org
State Water and SanitaonMission, Rural Water Supply
Department, Govt. of Andhra
Pradesh
Water supply andsanitaon
aprwss.gov.in/html/swsm-mission.htm
Ministry of Drinking Water and
Sanitaon
Water supply and
sanitaon
ddws.nic.in/rnd.htm
Centre for Environmental
Science and Engineering, IIT
Bombay
Clean technology and
water treatment
www.cese.iitb.ac.in
www.cese.iitb.ac.in/people/facinfo.php?id=dikshit
Water and Environment
sanitaon India (WES-NET)
Water supply and
sanitaon
www.wesnendia.org
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Waste Water Treatment
Pallavaram Tanners IndustrialEuent Treatment Company,
Ltd.
Tannery and wastewater treatment
Environmental Technology
division, CLRI
Sustainable processes
for leather processing
www.clri.org
Ambika Projects India Ltd Wastewater treatment
and sewage treatment
www.ambikagroup.in/waste-water-treatment.htm
Nuchem Ltd. Chemical engineering www.nuchem.com
UEM Group Waste Water Treatment www.uemgroup.com
Southern Cogen Systems Pvt.Ltd.
Wastewater and solidwaste management
www.scogen.in
Naonal Environmental
Engineering Research Instute
Environmental science
and engineering
for sustainable
development
www.neeri.res.in
Waste Water Conservaon & Recycling
Akar Impex Waste water treatment
and recycling
www.akarimpex.com
Linear Technologies Waste Water Treatment& Recycling www.goo.gl/fcmwe
Auroville Renewable energy
systems
www.auroville.org
www.auroville.org/research/water_recycle.htm
Department of Civil Engineering,
IIT Madras
Clean technology
(including water
recycling)
www.civil.iitm.ac.in
Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd. Infrastructure
development and
environmental
management
www.ramkyenviroengineers.com/
waterwastewater.html
WABAG Water conservaon,
recycling, treatment
www.wabag.com
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2. Organizations in water supply and sanitation
1. Arghyam
Headquarters: Bangalore
Main Line of acvity: Ecological sanitaon, wastewater treatment technologies
Prole/Overview:
Arghyam is an Indian public charitable foundaon set up with an endowment from Rohini Nilekani, working in the
water and sanitaon sector since 2005. Arghyam works primarily through partnerships with Government, NGOs
and various types of instuons for impact and scale. They work through a combinaon of project grants to grass
roots organizaons, knowledge building and sharing through the India Water Portal, promong new models ofwater science, technology and system design, parcipatory acon research and advocacy.
R&D4: A small Research and Development (R&D) team was set up in Arghyam in 2009 to support the research
acvies emerging in other Arghyam projects, as well as to serve the broader mandate of the organizaon. The
current other main area of interest for research funding is appropriate wastewater.
The Research and Development iniave at Arghyam envisages funding carefully picked areas where Arghyam
feels that a focused research or product design/development eort would pay signicant dividends by resulng
in a product or technique that could benet many people. Typically the research is in a water technique or
technology, almost always with strong sustainability and low-cost aspects. These research areas were arrived at in
close consonance with Arghyams Rural Grants and Urban Water and other iniaves at Arghyam and are meant to
and respond to the felt needs and reect eld knowledge derived from these areas.
Technology Employed: Soil Biotechnology
Contact Details:
#599, 12th Main, HAL 2nd Stage, Indiranagar,
Bangalore, Karnataka
India
Pin-560008
Phone: +91 (080) 41698941 / 42
Fax: +91 (080) 41698943
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Website: hp://www.arghyam.org
4 More details: hp://www.arghyam.org/sites/default/les/Arghyam_report%2011_9_8_2011.pdf
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2. State Water and Sanitaon Mission, Rural Water Supply Department, Govt. of Andhra
Pradesh
Headquarters: Hyderabad
Main Line of Acvity:Water Supply and Sanitaon
Prole/Overview:
The Rural Water Supply and Sanitaon Department is nodal agency in the State for providing drinking water and
Sanitaon facilies in rural areas, established in the year 1997. The R&D division was established in 2008. The
drinking water facilies are being provided by various types such as:
Spot Sources (Bore Wells ed with hand pumps)
Protected Water Supply Schemes (for one habitaon/village)
Comprehensive Protected Water Supply Schemes (for a group of habitaons/villages)
The autonomous body of SWSM was established as per the Government of India guidelines and the Department
requirement, to accelerate all-round development of the rural populaon by providing connecvity and other
infrastructure facilies.
Reform iniates to create awareness among the Rural Populaon in implementaon of schemes to provide Drinking
Water and Sanitaon facilies, the SWSM is undertaking programs Viz ARWSP, TSC, Swajaladhara etc.
Technology Employed: Not Specied
Contact Details:
SRTGN Bhavan,
Errumanzil Colony
Hyderabad-500082
Phone: 040-23396655
Fax: 040-23319676
Email: [email protected]
Website: hp://aprwss.gov.in/html/swsm-mission.htm
3. Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitaon
Headquarters: New Delhi
Main Line of Acvity: Water Supply and Sanitaon
Prole/Overview:
Research & Development in the eld of Rural Water Supply and Sanitaon programme is one of the support
acvies of the Department of DWS for which funding to research organizaons including NGOs is given by the
Central Government. For this acvity, a Research Advisory Commiee under the Chairpersonship of Secretary
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(DWS) has been constuted primarily to promote research and development acvies for the Mission with the
following objecves:
To generate new ideas for research & development and x priority for R&D areas.
To idenfy eld problems from the user departments and community organizaons viz. NGOs, Voluntary
agencies, etc.
To idenfy Instuons for specic R&D projects and invite them to submit proposals.
To provide technical monitoring of hydrological systems in various sensive zones of the country. The
quantave & qualitave aspects of drinking water sources to be monitored. RAC would idenfy the
instuons and organizaons who will be involved into this technical monitoring.
To help the idened sciensts to formulate inter-sectoral and muldisciplinary research projects relevant
to the Mission.
To scrunize and recommend individual research project proposals.
To review the progress of the ongoing projects and suggest midcourse correcon, if any.
To evaluate the ndings of the completed projects and suggest follow up acons.
To suggest norms to instute Mission sponsored Water fellowships and Water chairs in Universies and
R&D organizaons.
To help the Mission to organize regional, naonal and internaonal workshops, annual R&D review sessions
and Naonal Water Congresses to be sponsored by the Mission.
To help the Mission to prepare specialized and emerging science and technology related documents of
current interest.
To help and advice the Mission on all such maers which will help the Mission to promote, adopt, generate,
modify any science & technology as well as research and developmental acvies with specic reference to
Rural Water Supply and Sanitaon sectors.
To strengthen the R&D facilies in the concerned Departments in various States, State Governments are encouraged
to establish R&D cells with adequate manpower and infrastructure. R&D Cells are required to remain in touch with
leading technical instuons within the State. The network of technical instuons may follow the guidelines
issued by the Mission from me to me for eecve implementaon of the rural water supply program. R&DCells are also required to be in constant touch with the Monitoring & Invesgaon divisions and the Monitoring &
Evaluaon Study Reports for iniang appropriate follow up acon. The R&D Cell should keep in constant touch
with the documentaon and informaon centre of the Mission and visit at the Missions web site. The Mission will
provide necessary assistance to the States.
Technology employed5:
Water Supply & Conservaon - Arcial recharge/ control of salinity ingress/ evaporaon reducon
techniques/ desalinaon
Water Treatment - clari-occulators and improved methods of alum recovery
5 More info - hp://ddws.nic.in/popups/R&D%20priories%20areas.pdf, hp://ddws.nic.in/popups/R&DCompendium.pdf
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Contact Details:
Oce of Joint Secretary (Water)
Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitaon
(Rajiv Gandhi Naonal Drinking Water Mission),
Govt. of India, 9th Floor, Paryavarn Bhawan, CGO Complex,
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003
Phone: 011-24361043
Fax: 011-24364113
Email: [email protected]
Website: hp://ddws.nic.in/rnd.htm
4. Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, IIT Bombay
Headquarters:Mumbai, India
Professor: Dr. Anil Kumar Dikshit
Main Line of Acvity: Clean Technology and Water Treatment
Prole/Overview:
The Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering at IIT Bombay was established in 1985. Since incepon,
the Centre has established and maintained strong links with leading industries, instuons and naonal and
internaonal funding agencies. Research projects are currently funded by renowned agencies such CIAR (Centre for
Indoor Air Research, USA),DST (Department of Science and Technology), AERB (Atomic Energy Regulatory Board)
and MOEF (Ministry of Environment and Forests).
Major ongoing research deals with contemporary topics like: (a) clean technologies and industrial polluon
prevenon, (b) integrated treatment and disposal of hazardous waste, (c) biomedical waste management (d)
biodegradaon of complex industrial wastewaters and wastewaters containing mixed substrates, (e) biodegradaon
of complex non-aqueous liquid pollutants, (f) development and pollutants, (g) development of novel bioreactors
(RBC, UASB), (h) air polluon monitoring, modelling and health risk analysis, (i) aerosol and PAH emission factors, (j)environmental impact assessment of developmental projects, (k) in-situ and ex-situ remediaon of contaminated
groundwater and aquac environments.
The Centre oers wide professional experse and acvely pursues sponsored research, consultancy and technical
services. CESE is also very acve in manpower development and regularly organizes tailor-made workshops and
training programs.
Technology Employed:
Anaerobic. Treatment Technologies like UASB, UAGSB, Biolter, Hybrid reactors, Adsorpon, Ion exchange,
Membrane Processes
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Contact Details:
Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering,
Indian Instute of Technology Bombay,
Powai, Mumbai - 400076
Phone: +91-22-25767851
Fax: +91-22-25786530
Website: hp://www.cese.iitb.ac.in/
5. Water and Environment Sanitaon India (WES-NET)
Headquarters:New Delhi
Main Line of Acvity:Water and Environmental Sanitaon
Prole/Overview:
WES-Net India is a learning alliance of stakeholders in the Water and Environmental Sanitaon sector, including
NGOs, UN agencies, private sector, consultants, government departments and donors.
WES-Nets objecve is to improve knowledge sharing and co-ordinaon within the water and sanitaon sector -
focused on achieving the Millennium Development Goals. The network aims to enhance horizontal and vercal
exchange of informaon and experiences through connuous feedback from people who use it.
WES-Net is also the Water and Sanitaon Community of the UNs Knowledge Management Partnership Iniave.
The soluon exchange plaorm (e-discussions) enables WES-Net members to parcipate by raising and addressing
issues which are shaping the water and sanitaon sector in India. As WES-Net develops, it will link up with other
networks - regional, naonal and internaonal to strengthen knowledge sharing and advocacy.
Technology Employed:not specied
Contact Details:
WES-Net India
25/1-A, Pankha Road,
D- Block, Janakpuri,
New Delhi- 110058
Phone: 011-28525412, 011-28525452
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.wesnendia.org
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3. Organizations in waste water treatment
1. Pallavaram Tanners Industrial Euent Treatment Company, Ltd.
Headquarters: Chennai
Main Line of Acvity: Tannery waste water treatment
Prole/Overview:
M/s. Pallavaram Tanners Industrial Euent Treatment Company (PTIETC), a company, established by the member
tanners, is responsible for operaon and maintenance of the CETP. It is managed by a Board of Directors comprised
of elected member tanners. Mr. M.S. Pandian, a tanner of the area, is currently the Chairman of the company.
One of the earliest CETPs in the leather sector to be established in the state, the PTIETC CETP was commissionedin the year 1995. UNIDO rendered technical assistance to this project and TNPCB was also closely involved at the
stage of its implementaon. Subsequently, it has been receiving connual technical assistance and support from
CLRI, NEERI and UNIDO. This was the rst CETP to have been set up with a mechanical sludge dewatering system
(belt lter press), diused aeraon system and a mechanical ne screen.
Technology Employed: Mechanical Sludge Dewatering System (Belt Filter Press), Diused Aeraon System and
a Mechanical Fine Screen
Contact Details:
Old No 63 New No 105,Nagalgeni, Anna Salai,
Chrompet, Chennai 600044
Phone: +(91)-(44)-22386227, 22416522, 29700054, 29700055
Email: [email protected]
2. Central Leather Research Instute
Headquarters: Chennai
Main Line of Acvity: Sustainable processes for leather processing
Prole/Overview:
Established in 1948, CLRI has been working on tanneries euent treatment for the last 20-25 years. They provide
consulng to tanneries such as PTIET and many more. They have a team of 10 members who have specialized in
various domains of waste water treatment.
The technology involves biological and catalyc oxidaons coupled in a single reactor. Biological oxidaon of
constuents of wastewater is accomplished by the immobilized aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (chemo autotrophs)
in the meso pores of acvated carbon and catalyc oxidaon is carried out at the acve sites of acvated carbon.
CLRI has also developed a packed bed reactor (CAACO Reactor) for the treatment of waste water. The CAACOtechnology has been implemented in more than 50 installaons to test its ecacy on the treatment of wastewater
discharged from dierent industries, soware parks, residenal colonies of varying capacies.
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Technology Employed6: Chemo Autotrophic Acvated Carbon Oxidaon (CAACO)
Contact Details:Environmental Technology Division
CLRI, Adyar, Chennai 600 020.
Tamilnadu
Phone : +91-44-24450234
Website: hp://www.clri.org
3. Ambika Projects India Ltd.
Headquarters: Chennai
Main Line of Acvity: Waste Water Treatment and Sewage Treatment.
Prole/Overview:
Ambika Projects India Private Ltd (APIPL) is an Engineering Procurement & Construcon (EPC) company catering
to water & waste water treatment. Since its incepon in 2004, APIPL has been a mul diversied company with
adherence to business ethics and commitment to highest standards of quality. Today, the company is engaged in an
ongoing endeavour of conducng business both in Indian and Internaonal Market. APIPLs key competencies which
are based on many man hours of plant building experience lie in the planning, engineering, project implementaon,
commissioning and operaon of water and wastewater treatment plants, water intake & distribuon system forthe commercial, municipal, industrial and large sized residenal sectors.
The company oers customized soluons for customer needs through a comprehensive range of services and
innovave technologies. By oering single point responsibility during the course of the project, we oer turnkey
soluons with guaranteed performance, xed costs and me bounded execuon.
Technologies employed:
Clariers, Clariocculators, Thickeners, API separators, Dissolved Air Floataon Units (DAF), Plate / Tube /
Lamella Separators, Bar screen & Grit removal mechanism, Oil skimmers / Oil separators, Aerators
Contact Details:
AMBIKA PROJECTS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
1167, TVS Colony,
Annanagar west extension
Chennai, Tamilnadu,
India - 600101
Phone: +91-44-4290 8200 - 50
Fax: +91-44-2654 9004
Email: [email protected]
Website: hp://www.ambikagroup.in/waste-water-treatment.htm
6More info - hp://www.clri.org/Technologies.aspx#anc4
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4. Nuchem Ltd.
Headquarters: Faridabad
Main Line of Acvity: Chemical Engineering
Prole/Overview:
Nuchem Limited is a technology driven chemical engineering Company that uses a variety of chemical processes to
produce primary materials that go into the manufacture of numerous products consumed by other industries. Being
a major player in the eld of environment management and water, all its products conform to IS Standards and the
corresponding Brish and American Standards. In 1976, Nuchem established the Environment Management Centre
(EMC) as a business Division of the Company. The task enfolds: (1) To provide environmental services, basically the
analycal and treatment soluons to the environmental problems faced by industrial enterprises, governmentbodies and other technical agencies; (2) To take up environment management projects: water treatment, waste
water management, recycling of sanitary, urban and industrial waste and building capacity for eecve water
management and service delivery and (3) To conduct applied and applicaon research for process upgradaon,
product improvement, innovang new techniques and products for Nuchem Ltd. and other sponsors.
The projects done in the water management eld involves:
To purify water for applicaons as varied as drinking water for homes, villages, residenal complexes,
instuons, industries, cooling towers, furnaces and packaged boled water; and
To recover pure water from raw sewage for industrial applicaons.
Technologies employed:
Micro Filtraon (MF) Ultra Filtraon (UF) Nano Filtraon (NF)
Reverse Osmosis (RO) Demineralizaon (DM) Iron Removal Filters (IRF)
Contact Details:
20/6, Mathura Road,
Faridabad -121 006
Phone: +91-129-2304000~6; 4061040 / 41; 2304005 / 6
Fax: +91-129-4061278
Email: [email protected]
Website: hp://www.nuchem.com/
5. UEM Group
Headquarters: Florida, USA
Main Line of acvity: Waste Water Treatment
Prole/Overview:
UEM Group provides complete, single source services ranging from engineering and design to construcon and
installaon of water, wastewater and solid waste treatment facilies.
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UEMs range of service includes all phases of project development from planning, feasibility studies, engineering
design, equipment/systems supply, and construcon/installaon to startup and operaons. UEM also provides
avenues for nancing for large and small projects through lease nance or on low interest long term debt nancing
based on counter guarantees for large municipal projects.
UEM Group has designed and installed over 300 water and wastewater treatment plants of all sizes - large, medium,
and small - throughout the world and is capable enough to undertake large mul-million dollar turnkey projects
as well as implement medium or small projects with personalized service. UEM has implemented projects for
many mulnaonal companies (such as Coca-Cola, Procter and Gamble, Bristol Myers Squibb, Tietex Limited, Toray
Nylon, Kuruwita Manchester, American & Efrid and Birmingham Steel among others) as well as projects funded by
the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, and Caribbean Development Bank.
Technologies employed: Reverse Osmosis, Membrane Systems
Contact Details:
Windsor IT Park, Tower- B
2nd & 3rd Floor, Sector-125, Noida
Phone: 0120-3817000; 3817001; 3817002
Fax: + 91-11-26239801
Email: [email protected]
Website: hp://www.uemgroup.com
6. Southern Cogen Systems Pvt. Ltd.
Headquarters: Karnataka, India
Main Line of acvity: wastewater and solid waste management
Prole/Overview:
Scogen aims to be the undisputed market leader for environmentally sustainable soluons in the wastewater and
solid waste management industry.
Scogens mission is to be a total soluon provider for energy conservaon and waste management in the industry.
Scogen aims to provide products and services that are energy ecient and environmentally friendly at aordable
prices.
Technologies employed: WMUTM system
Contact Details:
Plot No.5, Phase II, Thandya Industrial Area,
Chikkayyana Chatra, Nanjangud Taluk 571 301
Mysore Dist., Karanataka, India.
Phone: +91 8221 228 614, 228 627
Fax: +91 8221 228 620.Email: [email protected]
Website: hp://www.scogen.in
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7. Naonal Environmental Engineering Research Instute (NEERI)
Headquarters:Nagpur
Main Line of Acvity: Environmental Science and Engineering for Sustainable Development
Prole:
The Naonal Environmental Engineering Research Instute (NEERI), Nagpur was established in 1958 as Central
Public Health Engineering Research Instute (CPHERI), when environmental concerns were limited to human health
with a focus on water supply/sewage disposal/communicable diseases and to some extent on industrial polluon
and occupaonal diseases. Naonal Environmental Engineering Research Instute (NEERI), Nagpur, is devoted to
research and innovaons in environmental science and engineering besides solving a range of problems posed by
industry, government and public. It is a constuent of Council of Scienc & Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi,and has a naon-wide presence with its ve zonal laboratories at Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai.
NEERIS focus areas are:
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) VOCs, Monitoring, Health Impacts, Public Awareness and Training.
Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) Urban AQ data-bank, inventorizaon, source apporonment analysis, analycal
techniques, cost eecve control, conservaon of monuments.
Drinking Water WQ surveillance and assessment, water treatment, supply and distribuon, training for rural
sector.
Water Resources EIA of river linking projects, arcial recharge of groundwater and aquifers, eco-restoraon
of lakes and reservoirs, ecological minimum ows, watershed planning, catchment areas treatment, salinity
ingress in coastal areas.
Wastewater Recycling for zero discharge, color and pathogen removal, treatability studies, and Design or
revamping ETPs/STPs/CETPs through innovave soluons.
Industry Waste minimizaon, Recovery and recycling of wastes, Environment and process audit, EIA, Carrying
capacity, LCA, Global environmental policies.
Bio/Phyto Remediaon Reclamaon and restoraon of degraded lands (mine spoil dumps/tailings, saline
soils, etc.), Carbon sequestraon applicaons, Land applicaon of treated sewage, nutrient dynamics. Municipal Solid & Hazardous Wastes Design of landlls and disposal systems, Composng and biomethanaon,
stabilizaon.
Energy security Biogas systems, Enrichment of methane, Microbial producon of hydrogen.
Health Single Nucleode Polymorphism (SNP) analysis for delineaon of genec disturbances due to
exposures of air pollutants.
Technologies Employed:
UV Photocatalysis Scale-up of Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Detoxicaon & Biodegradaon Modeling of Wastewater Treatment Processes
Solar Photocatalysis Removal of Dissolved Solids from Wastewater
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Color removal Removal of Nutrients from Wastewater
Electrochemical Methods
Monitoring & Removal of Volale Organic Compounds
Electrooxidaon Natural Puricaon Systems for Wastewater Treatment
Electrocoagulaon Land Applicaon of Treated Wastewater
Electrooataon Recovery of Chemicals from Wastewater and Value-addion
Electro-Fenton Process Disinfecon of Water, Sewage & Treated Euents
Catalyc Wet Oxidaon Adsorbents for Heavy Metals Removal
Ozonaon Minimizaon of Turbulence Nutrient Removal
Solid-liquid Separaon Through
Modicaon in Design of Clariers
Hydraulic Energy Dissipaon
Contact Details:
Naonal Environmental Engineering Research Instute (NEERI)
Nehru Marg,
Nagpur, 440020, India
Phone: +91-712-2249885-88 & 2249970-72
Fax: +91-712-2249900
Email: [email protected]: www.neeri.res.in
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4. Organizations in wastewater conservation and recycling
1. Akar Impex
Headquarters:Noida
Main Line of Acvity: Waste Water Treatment & Recycling
Prole/Overview:
Akar Impex Pvt. Ltd. is commied to providing quality products and services to its clients at a compeve price. The
company shall endeavour to engage in connuous research and development of its products and services and will do
what is necessary to maintain high level of employee commitment and enthusiasm to provide its clients the most cost
ecient soluons.
The company shall take care to pay parcular aenon to clients specic needs and oer not merely the products
or services but oer them praccable soluons. Along the water sector, they work on:
Equipment manufacturing and supply
Consultancy Design and Engineering
Construcon of treatment plants
Turnkey projects
Onsite project works
Training of sta and personnel of customers
Customer service
Operaon and maintenance of treatment plants
Technology Employed: Not Specied
Contact Details:
E-9, Sector-6,
Noida-201301
U.P.-India.
Phone: +91-120-4526666, 4526638
Email:[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Website: www.akarimpex.com/
2. Linear technologies
Headquarters:Mumbai
Main Line of Acvity: Water Recycling
Prole: Established in 1996.
Technology employed: Greywater Recycling
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Contact Details:
206, Jagru Ind Est., Mogul Lane,
Mahim, Mumbai - 400016,
Maharashtra, India
Phone: +91-22-24300096-97
Fax: +91-22-24300098
Website: www.goo.gl/fcmwe
3. Auroville Centre for Scienc Research
Headquarters: Puducherry, India
Main Line of Acvity: Renewable Energy Systems
Prole:
Auroville Centre for Scienc Research (CSR) is an internaonal voluntary organizaon working towards a sustainable
future in the eld of renewable energy systems (wind, solar, biomass), appropriate architecture & building technologies,
waste water recycling and sanitaon, and the transfer of these technologies through training programs.
CSR was founded on January 6th, 1984. Aer the Indian Parliament passed the Auroville Foundaon Act in 1988,
the assets of CSR were transferred to an autonomous instuon, the Auroville Foundaon. From April 1998 CSR was
registered under two trusts, one for its research acvies, Auroville Centre for Scienc Research, the other for its
commercial acvies, Aurore Trust. The Auroville community has been experimenng with small scale wastewaterrecycling systems for over een years. During that me pilot systems were built, experience was gathered, and
the operang skills with such plants improved.
In the mid-eighes the rst experiments with recycling of wastewater took place. Absence of specialised literature
and proper guidance made the small household pioneer plants more of an exercise in trial and error learning. A
dedicated group maintained the interest in the subject and relied for expert advice and informaon mainly on
vising experts from western countries. During the ninees the preferred choice for recycling domesc wastewater
shied towards treatment systems called planted lters. With such natural funconing systems one could obtain a
high quality euent. The large space requirement for this kind of system was not viewed as a disadvantage since
the treatment systems can be beaufully landscaped into any environment, even urban.
Technology employed:
Horizontal Planted Filters, also called Constructed Wetlands or Root Zone Treatment System
Contact Details:
Unity Pavillon
605101 Auroville
T.N. INDIA
Phone: +91 (0)413 2622 121
Email: [email protected]: hp://www.auroville.org/research/csr/csr.htm
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4. Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras
Headquarters: Chennai, India
Main Line of acvity: Clean technology (water recycling inclusive)
Prole/Overview:
The Department of Civil Engineering has been in existence since the incepon of IIT Madras in 1959. The departmental
acvies embrace Planning, Design, Construcon and Management. The academic programs, B. Tech., M. Tech.,
M.S. and Ph.D., of the Civil Engineering department at IIT Madras are some of the best in the country and the
world. Many of the faculty members have received advanced degrees and/or training from reputed instuons in
India, Germany, UK, USA, Canada, Japan and Netherlands. The acvies of the department are carried out under
ve dierent divisions as follows:
Building Technology and Construcon Management (BTCM)
Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (EWRE)
Geotechnical Engineering (GT)
Structural Engineering (ST)
Transportaon Engineering (TR)
The major research areas in Environmental Engineering are: air and water quality monitoring, modelling and
management, indoor air polluon, water and wastewater treatment, solid and hazardous waste management,
bioremediaon of contaminated sites and subsurface contaminant transport studies.
The major research areas in Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering are: so compung in water resources,
hydrologic modelling, stochasc and spaal hydrology, computaonal hydraulics, conjuncve use of surface and
ground water, aquifer modelling and management, fracture-rock matrix interacons, water resources planning and
management, urban water supply and GIS/remote sensing applicaons.
Technologies employed7:
Fluidized bed bioreactor, Membrane Bioreactors, Aerobic FBB
Contact Details:Professor and Head
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT Madras, Chennai - 600 036.
Tamil Nadu, INDIA
E-mail: [email protected];[email protected]
Phone: +91 - 44 - 2257 4250
Fax: +91 - 44 - 2257 4252
Website: hp://www.civil.iitm.ac.in/
7 More info - hp://www.civil.iitm.ac.in/new/?q=gopal_rp
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5. Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd.
Headquarters: Hyderabad, India
Main Line of acvity: Infrastructure Development and Environment Management
Prole/Overview:
Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited is the leading provider of comprehensive waste management and environmental
services in India, serving customers in more than 17 States and Union Territories. The Company is commied to a
foundaon of professionalism, operang excellence and sustainable growth.
The Company set up Indias rst Integrated Hazardous waste management facility under the Public-Private-
Partnership model at Hyderabad in the year 1998. The pioneering acvity connued with the seng up of Indias
rst Biomedical Waste Management facility at Hyderabad in the year 2000.
The Company has signicant in-house skills and experience in water supply, waste water treatment, underground
drainage systems and related areas. Ramky currently has a signicant market share in the segment and has a major
share of water related projects tendered by the Government.
Ramky has several operaonal plants in water and waste water treatment. The Company has capabilies in
membrane technology (MBR/UF/RO), high TDS euent evaporaon as well as sea water desalinaon.
Ramky has now embarked on the mobile water business, where a eet of water treatment equipment carrying
trucks are always available. This eet can produce pure water as and when and where it is needed. This can meet
requirements arising out of seasonal or supplemental requirements, emergencies, delays in plant start-ups etc.
Technologies employed: Membrane Technology (MBR/UF/RO), High TDS Euent Evaporaon as Well as Sea
Water Desalinaon
Contact Details:
TSR Towers,
Rajbhavan Road, Somajiguda,
Hyderabad 500 082, A.P.
Phone: +91-40-4442 2222 (60 - Lines)
E-mail: [email protected] site: ww.ramky.com
6. WABAG
Headquarters: Chennai, India and Vienna, Austria
Main Line of acvity: Water Conservaon, Recycling, Treatment
Prole/Overview:
WABAG is one of the worlds leading companies in the water treatment eld. WABAGs key competences, whichare based on over 80 years of plant building experience, lie in the planning, compleon and operaon of drinking
water and wastewater plants for both the municipal and industrial sectors.
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WABAG oers sustained soluons for special customer needs through a comprehensive range of services and
innovave technologies. WABAGs plants facilitate environmentally compable wastewater disposal and secure
access to clean drinking water for an increasing number of people. This allows us to make an important contribuon
to environmental protecon and enhanced quality of life.
Technologies employed8: Membrane Technology (MBR/UF/RO), Sea Water Desalinaon, biological high-
performance systems, nitrate removal and sewage sludge reducon
Contact Details:
11, Murrays Gate Road, Alwarpet,
Chennai 600018. India
Phone: +91 44 42232323
Fax: +91 44 42232324
Email: [email protected]
Web site: hp://www.wabag.com
More info - hhtp://www.wabag.com/MainWabag/Wabag/English/Innovaon.asp?menus_id=106
8More info - hp://www.wabag.com/MainWabag/Wabag/English/Innovaon.asp?menus_id=106
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3. APPENDIX
1. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA R & D WATER PRIORITY
Government of India
Ministry of Rural Development
Department of Drinking Water Supply
Rajiv Gandhi Naonal Drinking Water Mission
*****
Priority areas for research and development (R&D) iniaves in rural drinking water and sanitaon sector
during 11th
Five Year Plan
Department of Drinking Water Supply, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India has idened the
following priority areas for sponsoring research and development projects in rural drinking water and sanitaon
sector and seeks R&D proposals from well established R&D instuons, Universies, etc.:
Priority area I
Water resources exploraon, assessment & exploitaon related technology development
i.) Specialized geo-physical intervenons for problem areas;
ii.) Remote sensing applicaons in specic areas (other than hydro-geo-morphological maps) including temporal
changes in land use and intervenons on creaon of ground water sanctuaries;
iii.) Improvement of tradional springs/ tanks/ ponds/ surangams including monitoring;
iv.) Evaporaon control in drinking water based surface water courses; and
v.) Disseminaon of ecient technologies through universies and reputed organizaons.
Priority area II
Technology development for improvement in water extracon techniques
i.) Improvements in hand pump/ aachments like dual pumps energy saving pumps/ windmill/ solar pumps/hydraulic rams;
ii.) Improving energy eciency for reducing O&M costs for projects using convenonal power;
iii.) Improvement in tube-well eciency (strainer, gravel pack);
iv.) Improvement on rejuvenaon techniques (caving of wells/ clogged strainers/ clogged inltraon gallery).
Priority area III
Water scarcity reducon and related technology development
i.) Arcial recharge/ control of salinity ingress/ evaporaon reducon techniques/ desalinaon;ii.) Water saving irrigaon/ industry/ reuse and recycling/ tap leakage detecon and prevenon improved
storage and distribuon inexpensive storage tanks (ferro-cement)/ distribuon pipes (PVC, bamboo);
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iii.) Improvements in distribuon network of water supply projects for reducing water losses including
unaccounted losses;
iv.) Recovery of pure water from waste-water/ sludge generated from clari-occulators and improved methods
of alum recovery;
v.) Special intervenons for providing safe drinking water in drought prone and ood-hit areas; and
vi.) Cost opmizaon and improvements on types of materials, structure, storage, etc. For rain-water harvesng
structures.
Priority area IV
Technology for water quality enhancement for rural areas
i.) Development of water quality kit;
ii.) Technologies for treatment of excess salinity/ sulphate/ nitrate/ arsenic/ uoride/ iron, etc.;
iii.) Bacteria/ virus and related micro-biological/ genec engineering impacts with respect to unsafe drinking
water quality;
iv.) Development of water quality enhancement - tablets/ powders/ portable heaters/ tradional herbs and
processes;
v.) Various methods of disinfecon including newer technologies like ozonaon, copper-silver ionizaon, etc.;
vi.) Environment friendly sludge disposal methodologies from treatment plants; and
vii.) Improving eciency of RO plants and reducon of O&M cost through use of solar photo-voltaic (PV) cells.
Priority area V
Watershed management to opmize drinking water supply
i.) Delineaon and resource inventory of the micro or mini watersheds;
ii.) Maximizaon of water conservaon and minimizaon of environmental degradaon like erosion,
sedimentaon, etc..;
iii.) Conjuncve use of water resources development of eecve models; and
iv.) Pilot studies on convergence of various centrally sponsored schemes for achieving drinking water security.
Priority area VI
Water-health interacon in the socio economic cultural set up
i.) Interface problems between engineers/ geologists/ medical sciensts on water and sanitaon issues;
ii.) Correlaon between water constraints and quality of life, especially for communicaon and social mobilizaon
strategies;
iii.) Nutrional intervenon in Fluoride and Arsenic aected villages;
iv.) Methods of bringing about behavioral changes w.r.t. sanitaon, safe water use, etc.;
v.) Improving water and sanitaon governance;
vi.) R&D projects based on mul-centric studies;
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vii.) Governance and conict resoluons in water and sanitaon sector; and
viii.) Change management of rural water supply sector Engineers/ Sciensts.
riority area VII
Development of appropriate rural sanitaon technology
i.) Design of improved leach pit;
ii.) Hygienic rural toilets;
iii.) Ulizaon of kitchen waste;
iv.) Protecon of open wells/ ponds and improved methods of sanitary survey;
v.) Ecological sanitaon and methods for enhancing ferlizer value of digested material;
vi.) Improved methods of solid and liquid waste management;
vii.) Solid waste management especially with regard to re-use/ recycle/ reduce use of plascs; and
viii.) Women menstrual hygiene, baby friendly toilets, special toilets for disabled, infant sanitaon, etc.
LIST OF FIELDS FOR R&D PROPOSAL ON SANITATION
1. Design & implementaon of environment friendly self-sustaining sanitaon system - this may include design of
improved leach pits, other technical opons for IHHL, hygienic rural toilets, ecological sanitaon etc.
2. Improved/economical toilet design for children, dierently-abled persons, Emergency Situaons with suggested
cost implicaons.
3. Improved/Economical Community/Instuonal sanitaon system including waste management.
4. Eecveness of models of sanitaon in various hydro-geological & geo-physical condions.
5. Methods of bringing about behavioral changes for sanitaon and its use.
6. Zero discharge/waste management system involving communies this considers ulizaon of kitchen waste
and methods of solid & liquid waste management.
7. Establishing linkages of sanitaon with Water, Health, Agriculture and Power generaon.
Note: thrust will be given on technology development and demonstraon and proving them in the eld throughtrials and transfer of technology for large scale applicaon.
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