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The Water Management Sector in India : an overview of research and acvity

INDEX

ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION ....................................................................................................................................... 2

AKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................... 2

PREFACE .................................................................................................................................................................... 3

THE WATER MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN INDIA1. ................................................................................................... 4

OVERALL SCENARIO1. ..................................................................................................................................... 4

DIRECTION FOR RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT2. ............................................................ 6

NATIONAL WATER MISSION1. .................................................................................................................. 6

NATIONAL DRINKING WATER MISSION2. ................................................................................................. 8

WASTEWATER TREATMENT3. ......................................................................................................................... 9

COMPANIES AND RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS IN THE INDIAN WATER MANAGEMENT SECTOR2. ..................... 10

OVERVIEW OF THE REPORT1. ....................................................................................................................... 10

ORGANIZATIONS IN WATER SUPPLy AND SANITATION2. .............................................................................. 12

Argham1. .............................................................................................................................................. 12

State Water and Sanitaon Mission, Rural Water Supply Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh2. ...........13

Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitaon3. ......................................................................................... 13

Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, IIT Bombay4. ........................................................ 15

Water and Environment Sanitaon India (WES-NET)5. .......................................................................... 16

ORGANIZATIONS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT3. ....................................................................................... 17

Pallavaram Tanners Industrial Euent Treatment Company, Ltd.1. ....................................................... 17

Central Leather Research Instute2. ...................................................................................................... 17

Ambika Projects India Ltd.3. ................................................................................................................... 18

Nuchem Ltd.4. ........................................................................................................................................ 19

UEM Group5. ......................................................................................................................................... 19

Southern Cogen Systems Pvt. Ltd.6. ....................................................................................................... 20

Naonal Environmental Engineering Research Instute (NEERI)7. ........................................................ 21

ORGANIZATIONS IN WASTEWATER CONSERVATION & RECyCLING4. ........................................................... 23

Akar Impex1. .......................................................................................................................................... 23

Linear technologies2. ............................................................................................................................. 23

Auroville Centre for Scienc Research3. .............................................................................................. 24

Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras4. ...................................................................................... 25

Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd.5. ............................................................................................................... 26

WABAG6. ................................................................................................................................................ 26

APPENDIX3. ......................................................................................................................................................... 28


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ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION

This publicaon is presented to you as a companion to the EU India Greentech Matchmaking Event 2011, an event

organized by the European Business and Technology Centre (EBTC) and its partners, the Indo-Italian Chamber of

Commerce and Industry (IICCI), the Chamber of Commerce of Milan, Innovhub and CEIPIEMONTE.

Within the framework of the rst edion of the Indo-Italian Business Conference (IIBC), this event aims to create

connecons and foster an exchange of technologies, patents and knowledge between European and Indian

companies in the energy, environment and sustainable transport sectors.

On 27th and 29th September 2011, a European and Indian delegaon of companies and research organizaons

is meeng in two Indian cies, Mumbai and Bengaluru. Their agenda is rich with business-to-business partnering

sessions, panel and round table discussions with key government ocials and top players of the Indian industry,

networking events and site visits.

This publicaon aims to oer you an overview of the ve sectors that are relevant to the event: environmental

biotech, renewable energy, sustainable transport, water management, and solid waste management. In order

to introduce you to these elds, each volume oers a summary of relevant research, as well as a representave

collecon of organizaons acve in this space.

We hope this will be a valuable tool in the producve exchange of knowledge and experience, and the creaon of

business opportunies during the event.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are grateful to Mr. Sauro Mezze of EUTECNE for coordinang the eorts that made it possible to publish this

paper. We also give thanks to Energy Alternaves India for contribung their research.

For any queries related to this paper, please contact Mr. Gianpaolo Sarolli at the Chamber of Commerce

Milan - Innovhub.([email protected])


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PREFACE

Water can be dened as the most crical resource for Indias society from many points of view: availability, supply,

sanitaon needs, polluon and discharge. It is the most basic and primary need, but it is sll out of reach for a large

secon of the populaon, either in terms of supply or in terms of adequacy to health and sanitaon needs. It is also

a major area of environmental impact, due to the low diusion of ecient pracces of wastewater treatment.

This report deals mainly with certain aspects of water issues related to supply, conservaon and wastewater

treatment that are among the priories of the naonal water policy. The areas in which the demand of technology

is directed are also highlighted.

The Indian market for water and the development of ulies are sll not very organized and need to undergo

strong development, both in the public and the private sectors. At the same me, water is a subject widely studied

since Independence due to its crical socio-economic relevance. In India there is a huge number of instuons,

agencies, universies, NGOs and social iniaves dealing with water at dierent levels.

To oer a complete overview of the organizaons in this eld would be a huge task. We have however tried to

present a meaningful sample of key agencies operang in the water sector. India is a large country with many public

and private instuons and many local decentralized iniaves. Many acvies in this eld are also originang by

community-based acons and we did not aim to give a full extensive presentaon. Our purpose is mainly to give

an indicaon to European companies, organizaons, and research instuons about new eld of opportunies for

Transfer of Technology and to make a small step in the direcon to widen the knowledge for scope of cooperaon

between Europe and India.


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1. The Water Management Sector in India

1. OVERALL SCENARIO

The water sectors in India is characterized by several key issues:

Access to adequacy of safe water

Instuonal challenges

Service provisions

Over-extracon of groundwater and quality problems

Financial and management constraints

Water conicts

The per capita water availability at naonal level has been declining over the years. Water quality is also deteriorang

due to polluon and seasonal shortages. In rural areas water has to be fetched from distant sources and urban

areas are chronically short of water. In metros like Delhi, Bangalore or Chennai people do not have direct control

over water sources and are dependent from distant sources outside the control of the local municipal bodies (even

beyond 200 km).

The management of exisng infrastructure and of water resources itself is one of the most serious challenges.

The provision of formal irrigaon and water supply services in India is made mainly by government agencies,

while market compeon is absent. There are however important cases of partnership between public and private

enes, which have enhanced the technical experse for infrastructure projects.

The over-extracon of groundwater is another crical issue. High extracon rates, uctuang water tables,

groundwater polluon, saline intrusions are aecng the enre water supply spectrum: drinking water, irrigaon,

industrial needs. Access to groundwater wells is unhindered; there are no legal and nancial checks to ensure a

sustainable use of water.

The water sector is suering also from a severe nancial distress which is aecng not only the development of

infrastructure but also its maintenance and management. Operaonal costs are under-nanced, cost recovery is

inadequate, and there is a lack of direct linkages between revenue and expenditure.

In India therefore there is an urgent need to operate at the level of governance to be combined with appropriate

technologies to address these issues.

Supply of sweet water is undergoing severe stress. Aer the independence, in 1951, the per capita availability was

5,177 mc that were down to 1,820 mc in 2001 and are expected to reduce further to a minimum of 1,240 mc. Per

capita consumpon (89 liters) is sll quite low compared to European standards, but it is expected to double by

the mid of the century due the growth of the economy, urbanizaon, industrial development and a very water

intensive agriculture. The corresponding growth of the populaon (expected to be 1.66 billion) might create an

acute water shortage in the country.

The bulk of water consumpon in India is constuted by agriculture, with a share that ranges - according to various

esmates - between 80 and 90%.


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Water consumpon in the agricultural sector has increased aer the Green Revoluton with the introducon of

new variees of crops with beer yields but higher demand for water.

Irrigaon is one of the major factors leading to over-exploitaon of groundwater sources, which is causing

depleon of water tables in many districts in the country (at least 60% of them according to the Central Ground

Water Board) and inland salinity.

Industrial consumpon can be esmated to be minimum 6% of the total, though there are no reliable and

organized stascs. Especially for the non-government and non-corporate sector the share of water supply to

the industry is much higher. The industrial consumpon is expected to increase four mes by the mid of the

century, to reach a total share of 18%. Sectors that are very crical for the growth like energy and steel are

highly water intensive. About 75% of the total planned power capacity is generated by thermal power plants

that are highly water-consuming. India has become the h producer of steel in the world and if all projectsthat are in pipeline are implemented it will become the second largest producer by 2015. Water in industry is

used in a very inecient way. A comparison in the steel sector suggests that in India there is need to consume

10-80 mc of water to produce one MT of steel, whereas in US the consumpon of water for the same 5-10 mc.

Approximately 80% of the water used in steel plants is discharged as euent and not recycled. According to a

study by the World Bank, the producvity of water usage in Indian industry (USD generated per mc of water

used) is one of the lowest in the world.1

The share of domesc consumpon is about 5% but it is expected to grow by three mes and take a share of

11% in 2050. The growth of urbanizaon is creang higher demand at a me when many cies already face

severe shortages. Moreover the changing paern of urban consumpon is registering an increase of productswith higher water footprint.2

Procurement of drinking water is not only a problem of quanty but of quality, due to water polluon and lack

of infrastructure for supply of safe and healthy water.

Municipalies and civic corporaons in India are sll weak and low organized bodies, in spite of the 73 rd and

74th amendments of the constuon the are empowering the local bodies. Therefore they lack the nance and

technical capacity for the creaon of eecve infrastructure and ulity services. Development of the experse

for PPP is sll to take place notwithstanding few eorts.

Governance issues need to deal also with the fact that competences in the water sector are widely aributedto dierent specialized agencies. In central government, for example there is a ministry of water resources, a

ministry of drinking water & sanitaon, irrigaon is combined with the ministry for agriculture and there are

technical organizaons like the Central Water Commiee (CWC) and Central Groundwater Board (CGWC) etc.

The same structure is more or less reected at the regional level.

1 hp://www.cseindia.org/dte-supplement/industry20040215/misuse.htm

2 Data for this secon are mainly drawn from www.grailresearch.com; hp://governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/report-warns-

huge-capita-water-decline-india and Www.dae.gov.in


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2. DIRECTIONS FOR RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

In India there is a large number of iniaves and instuons dealing with water issues, ranging from public bodies,

research centers, universies, corporate enes and NGOs.

The acons undertaken are concerning several elds; here we will focus on water supply and sanitaon, water

conservaon and wastewater treatment.

2.1 NATIONAL WATER MISSION

The naonal water policy of the Ministry of Water Resources idenes the following priories for each of these areas:

WATER SUPPLY

Promote Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) to coordinate all water issues by locaon (surface,

ground), by users (rural, urban, peri-urban), or by use (domesc, irrigaon, industrial and instuonal)

Promote seawater desalinizaon through big plants and tackle the problem of saline intrusions in the aquifers

WATER CONSERVATION

Promoon of technology and systems to scale and rehabilitate community based tanks (there are more

than 580,000)

Promoon of technology and systems for rain water harvesng

Water technologies to reclaim water

Alternave technology for irrigaon

India receives abundant rainfall although it is concentrated only in certain periods of the year due to the monsoonal

climate.3 Rainwater Harvesng (RWH) is an important source of water supply that can help reduce the pressure

on groundwater and convenonal surface water. As rainfall is concentrated in periods of 3-5 months, according

to the region, it is important to develop technologies for water storage that can allow the use of water at least for

non-drinking purposes over a longer period. Rainwater harvesng can be made with the purpose of recharging

the aquifer or direct consumpon for drinking and other uses. In the rst case it can have an impact if done at a

relavely large scale or a system approach of several collecon ponds or collecon system over an extensive area.

This concept is being progressively included in the building norms. In ten states in India it has been made mandatory

to place RWH systems on roofs of all new buildings. This can allow direct reuse for the building or a large network

of water recharge system if the groundwater situaon is suitable. RWH at urban level is now pracced in few cies

like Bangalore, Chennai and Delhi. Water can also be harvested in urban areas from paved zones where there is

a high level of run-o and stored in water bodies that can be integrated in the landscape. Opons for RWH can

change according to local geological and climate condions. If there is a short gap between the raining periods or

the condions of the aquifer are not favorable or the saline intrusions are too high, then storage for consumpon

is the most adopted soluons. If the gap between raining periods is long and the soil condions allow inltraon,

then groundwater recharge is more commonly adopted.

Collecon of rainwater has been the tradional system in the villages for most of rural India. Large storage tanks

3 It can be assumed an average above 1000 mm per year for most part of the country, but there are dry are with lower precipitaon in the

West and North-West and the highest rainy area in the world in the North East (more than 11,000 mm)


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are part of the landscape. However, most of these have fallen in disuse over the me or become inecient. For the

last few years there have been several programs, also conducted with internaonal collaboraons, for water tank

rehabilitaon in rural areas that is becoming one of the milestones for improving water supply in non-urban areas.

Beyond tradional approaches, water conservaon is aided by technological innovaon. For example, micro-

irrigaon systems are now being acvely promoted in the most important agricultural states. Digital water

management systems that can help to idenfy leakages, losses and polluon points can be useful to increase the

eciency of water distribuon and preserve water resources.

In order to promote a technological approach to water management, the Ministry of Water Resources is introducing

a Decision Support System (DSS) to support planning and allow real me decision-making. The DSS aims to integrate

surface water and groundwater management and monitoring of water quality, drought and integrated operaon of

reservoirs. The Naonal Instute of Hydrology (NIH) is the nodal agency for the development of this program.

The NIH is located in Rourkee, in North India and undertakes R&D acvies in the eld of dam break ood studies,

conservaon storage of reservoirs, regulaons of spillway gates, ood control regulaons and forecasng, snow

and glacier studies, water quality, groundwater assessment, remote sensing and GIS applicaon. The instute is

also developing soware for reservoirs analysis, frequency analysis and esmaon of large catchments areas, ood

and seepage from canals.

Other instuons involved are the Central Water and Power Research Staon (CWPRS), the Central Polluon

Control Board (CPCB), the Central Water Commission (CWC), the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and the

Central Groundwater Board (CGWB). A total of nine States are parcipang to the program.

Another priority area is the introducon of smart distributed water systems, which in the Indian context can help

to promote decentralized water access, reduce energy consumpon and increase water re-use. New forms of

water control, processing, opmizaon and monitoring can also be achieved through automaon, algorithms and

neural networks, system accountability and remote monitoring.

The Naonal Water Policy idenes the following areas for research and technology development:

Hydro-meteorology

Snow and lake hydrology

Surface and ground water hydrology

River morphology and hydraulics

Assessment of water resources

Water harvesng and ground water recharge

Water quality

Water conservaon

Evaporaon and seepage losses

Recycling and re-use

Beer water management pracces and improvements in operaonal technology

Crops and cropping systems


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Soils and material research

New construcon materials and technology (with parcular reference to roller compacted concrete, ber

reinforced concrete, new methodologies in tunneling technologies, instrumentaon, advanced numerical

analysis in structures and back analysis)

Seismology and seismic design of structures

Safety and longevity of water-related structures

Economical designs for water resource projects

Risk analysis and disaster management

Use of remote sensing techniques in development and management

Use of stac ground water resource as a crisis management measure

Sedimentaon of reservoirs

Use of sea water resources

Prevenon of salinity ingress

Prevenon of water logging and soil salinity

Reclamaon of water logged and saline lands

Environmental impact

Regional equity

2.2 NATIONAL DRINKING WATER MISSION

Some important direcves for R&D acvies are also coming from the Ministry for drinking water and sanitaon

under the Rajiv Gandhi Naonal Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM). This is one of the oldest research missions

started in India. It was launched in the late 80s and it is the largest water supply program in the world, focusing mainly

on the rural populaon and aiming at cost eecve soluons for water recharge, water resources management with

community parcipaon, water treatment and water polluon control and supports R&D projects in this direcon.

The elds for R&D under the Drinking Water mission are the following:

1. Design and implementaon of environmentally friendly and self-sustaining sanitaon systems - this may includedesign of improved leach pits, other technical opons for IHHL, hygienic rural toilets, ecological sanitaon, etc.

2. Improved and more economical toilet design for children, dierently-abled persons, Emergency Situaons

with suggested cost implicaons.

3. Improved and more economical community or instuonal sanitaon systems, including for waste

management.

4. Eecveness of sanitaon models in various hydro-geological and geo-physical condions.

5. Methods of bringing about behavioral changes for sanitaon and its use.

6. Zero-discharge waste management system involving communies this considers ulizaon of kitchenwaste and methods of solid and liquid waste management.


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3. WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Wastewater treatment is one of the major issues in India for health and environment. Large urban conglomeraon

does not have adequate facilies and the same happens in most of the industrial clusters in the country. It is

esmated that less than 20% of domesc and 60% of industrial wastewater is treated. Metros and large cies

(more than 100,000 inhabitants) are treang only 29.2% of their wastewater. At a lower scale the problem is even

more acute. Smaller cies treat only 3.7% of their wastewater.

The market for infrastructure in this sector is sll very unorganized. Only 15% of the market is covered by imports

of technological equipment, but the overall demand is sll below the level of the actual need. Half of the market is

covered by investment by the public sector.

The Naonal Water mission has idened water reuse as an important priority for wastewater management,especially for irrigaon of non-food crops that can reduce demand from primary water sources. In India there are

about 73,000 ha of land are irrigated with reused water. Advanced technology for ozonizaon and chlorinaon

could be highly in demand.

Industrial euent represents the rst target for market operaon and transfer of technology. Industries in India

are oen located around sector clusters and there are several iniaves to develop infrastructure for treatment of

chemicals, dyes for texle industry, leather and tannin.

Decentralized water treatment systems (DEWATS) with aerobic treatment are an example of a European technology

that is acvely adopted in India and has a potenal for a large-scale use. They are also supported by the Central

Polluon Control Board. Due to the small-scale size of their plants, DEWATS can be successfully employed for the

villages in rural area and community based projects. It is also a valid alternave at urban level, where only a minimal

part of domesc wastewater is treated by central sewerage. Given the governance and nancial constraints in

infrastructure development it can be a viable alternave at the level of condominium or small residenal areas that

can be integrated also into the landscaping.

At larger scale applicaon there is a wide scope for ulizaon of Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) and transfer of

technology from Europe as research in this segment are not so much developed in India.

Research is also being conducted on applicaons of bio-technology on the treatment of industrial euents

especially for paper and pulp industry, electroplang, disllery, tannery, dye and reneries and bio-sensors for

detecon of pollutants, especially residues of pescides and bio-diversity.


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2. COMPANIES AND RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS IN THE INDIAN

WATER MANAGEMENT SECTOR

1. Overview of the Report

This document contains the proles of Indian companies, research instutes and Non-Governmental Organizaons

(NGO) that are involved in:

Water supply and sanitaonA)

Waste water treatment (Industrial waste water treatment)B)

Waste water conservaon & recyclingC)

EAI has idened the following prominent companies, research organizaons and individual experts working

in the following areas:

Water Supply and Sanitaon (inclusive of Water Conservaon): 5

Waste Water Treatment (Industrial waste water treatment): 7

Waste Water Conservaon & Recycling: 6

Research Methodology

The table below lists out the companies/organizaons/research academia carrying out research on various waste

water resources.

Company/Research Instute/

NGO

Main-line of acvity Website

Water Supply and Sanitaon

Argham Water supply and

sanitaon

www.arghyam.org

State Water and SanitaonMission, Rural Water Supply

Department, Govt. of Andhra

Pradesh

Water supply andsanitaon

aprwss.gov.in/html/swsm-mission.htm

Ministry of Drinking Water and

Sanitaon

Water supply and

sanitaon

ddws.nic.in/rnd.htm

Centre for Environmental

Science and Engineering, IIT

Bombay

Clean technology and

water treatment

www.cese.iitb.ac.in

www.cese.iitb.ac.in/people/facinfo.php?id=dikshit

Water and Environment

sanitaon India (WES-NET)

Water supply and

sanitaon

www.wesnendia.org


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Waste Water Treatment

Pallavaram Tanners IndustrialEuent Treatment Company,

Ltd.

Tannery and wastewater treatment

Environmental Technology

division, CLRI

Sustainable processes

for leather processing

www.clri.org

Ambika Projects India Ltd Wastewater treatment

and sewage treatment

www.ambikagroup.in/waste-water-treatment.htm

Nuchem Ltd. Chemical engineering www.nuchem.com

UEM Group Waste Water Treatment www.uemgroup.com

Southern Cogen Systems Pvt.Ltd.

Wastewater and solidwaste management

www.scogen.in

Naonal Environmental

Engineering Research Instute

Environmental science

and engineering

for sustainable

development

www.neeri.res.in

Waste Water Conservaon & Recycling

Akar Impex Waste water treatment

and recycling

www.akarimpex.com

Linear Technologies Waste Water Treatment& Recycling www.goo.gl/fcmwe

Auroville Renewable energy

systems

www.auroville.org

www.auroville.org/research/water_recycle.htm

Department of Civil Engineering,

IIT Madras

Clean technology

(including water

recycling)

www.civil.iitm.ac.in

Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd. Infrastructure

development and

environmental

management

www.ramkyenviroengineers.com/

waterwastewater.html

WABAG Water conservaon,

recycling, treatment

www.wabag.com


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2. Organizations in water supply and sanitation

1. Arghyam

Headquarters: Bangalore

Main Line of acvity: Ecological sanitaon, wastewater treatment technologies

Prole/Overview:

Arghyam is an Indian public charitable foundaon set up with an endowment from Rohini Nilekani, working in the

water and sanitaon sector since 2005. Arghyam works primarily through partnerships with Government, NGOs

and various types of instuons for impact and scale. They work through a combinaon of project grants to grass

roots organizaons, knowledge building and sharing through the India Water Portal, promong new models ofwater science, technology and system design, parcipatory acon research and advocacy.

R&D4: A small Research and Development (R&D) team was set up in Arghyam in 2009 to support the research

acvies emerging in other Arghyam projects, as well as to serve the broader mandate of the organizaon. The

current other main area of interest for research funding is appropriate wastewater.

The Research and Development iniave at Arghyam envisages funding carefully picked areas where Arghyam

feels that a focused research or product design/development eort would pay signicant dividends by resulng

in a product or technique that could benet many people. Typically the research is in a water technique or

technology, almost always with strong sustainability and low-cost aspects. These research areas were arrived at in

close consonance with Arghyams Rural Grants and Urban Water and other iniaves at Arghyam and are meant to

and respond to the felt needs and reect eld knowledge derived from these areas.

Technology Employed: Soil Biotechnology

Contact Details:

#599, 12th Main, HAL 2nd Stage, Indiranagar,

Bangalore, Karnataka

India

Pin-560008

Phone: +91 (080) 41698941 / 42

Fax: +91 (080) 41698943

Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Website: hp://www.arghyam.org

4 More details: hp://www.arghyam.org/sites/default/les/Arghyam_report%2011_9_8_2011.pdf


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2. State Water and Sanitaon Mission, Rural Water Supply Department, Govt. of Andhra

Pradesh

Headquarters: Hyderabad

Main Line of Acvity:Water Supply and Sanitaon

Prole/Overview:

The Rural Water Supply and Sanitaon Department is nodal agency in the State for providing drinking water and

Sanitaon facilies in rural areas, established in the year 1997. The R&D division was established in 2008. The

drinking water facilies are being provided by various types such as:

Spot Sources (Bore Wells ed with hand pumps)

Protected Water Supply Schemes (for one habitaon/village)

Comprehensive Protected Water Supply Schemes (for a group of habitaons/villages)

The autonomous body of SWSM was established as per the Government of India guidelines and the Department

requirement, to accelerate all-round development of the rural populaon by providing connecvity and other

infrastructure facilies.

Reform iniates to create awareness among the Rural Populaon in implementaon of schemes to provide Drinking

Water and Sanitaon facilies, the SWSM is undertaking programs Viz ARWSP, TSC, Swajaladhara etc.

Technology Employed: Not Specied

Contact Details:

SRTGN Bhavan,

Errumanzil Colony

Hyderabad-500082

Phone: 040-23396655

Fax: 040-23319676

Email: [email protected]

Website: hp://aprwss.gov.in/html/swsm-mission.htm

3. Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitaon

Headquarters: New Delhi

Main Line of Acvity: Water Supply and Sanitaon

Prole/Overview:

Research & Development in the eld of Rural Water Supply and Sanitaon programme is one of the support

acvies of the Department of DWS for which funding to research organizaons including NGOs is given by the

Central Government. For this acvity, a Research Advisory Commiee under the Chairpersonship of Secretary


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(DWS) has been constuted primarily to promote research and development acvies for the Mission with the

following objecves:

To generate new ideas for research & development and x priority for R&D areas.

To idenfy eld problems from the user departments and community organizaons viz. NGOs, Voluntary

agencies, etc.

To idenfy Instuons for specic R&D projects and invite them to submit proposals.

To provide technical monitoring of hydrological systems in various sensive zones of the country. The

quantave & qualitave aspects of drinking water sources to be monitored. RAC would idenfy the

instuons and organizaons who will be involved into this technical monitoring.

To help the idened sciensts to formulate inter-sectoral and muldisciplinary research projects relevant

to the Mission.

To scrunize and recommend individual research project proposals.

To review the progress of the ongoing projects and suggest midcourse correcon, if any.

To evaluate the ndings of the completed projects and suggest follow up acons.

To suggest norms to instute Mission sponsored Water fellowships and Water chairs in Universies and

R&D organizaons.

To help the Mission to organize regional, naonal and internaonal workshops, annual R&D review sessions

and Naonal Water Congresses to be sponsored by the Mission.

To help the Mission to prepare specialized and emerging science and technology related documents of

current interest.

To help and advice the Mission on all such maers which will help the Mission to promote, adopt, generate,

modify any science & technology as well as research and developmental acvies with specic reference to

Rural Water Supply and Sanitaon sectors.

To strengthen the R&D facilies in the concerned Departments in various States, State Governments are encouraged

to establish R&D cells with adequate manpower and infrastructure. R&D Cells are required to remain in touch with

leading technical instuons within the State. The network of technical instuons may follow the guidelines

issued by the Mission from me to me for eecve implementaon of the rural water supply program. R&DCells are also required to be in constant touch with the Monitoring & Invesgaon divisions and the Monitoring &

Evaluaon Study Reports for iniang appropriate follow up acon. The R&D Cell should keep in constant touch

with the documentaon and informaon centre of the Mission and visit at the Missions web site. The Mission will

provide necessary assistance to the States.

Technology employed5:

Water Supply & Conservaon - Arcial recharge/ control of salinity ingress/ evaporaon reducon

techniques/ desalinaon

Water Treatment - clari-occulators and improved methods of alum recovery

5 More info - hp://ddws.nic.in/popups/R&D%20priories%20areas.pdf, hp://ddws.nic.in/popups/R&DCompendium.pdf


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Contact Details:

Oce of Joint Secretary (Water)

Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitaon

(Rajiv Gandhi Naonal Drinking Water Mission),

Govt. of India, 9th Floor, Paryavarn Bhawan, CGO Complex,

Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003

Phone: 011-24361043

Fax: 011-24364113


Website: hp://ddws.nic.in/rnd.htm

4. Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, IIT Bombay

Headquarters:Mumbai, India

Professor: Dr. Anil Kumar Dikshit

Main Line of Acvity: Clean Technology and Water Treatment

Prole/Overview:

The Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering at IIT Bombay was established in 1985. Since incepon,

the Centre has established and maintained strong links with leading industries, instuons and naonal and

internaonal funding agencies. Research projects are currently funded by renowned agencies such CIAR (Centre for

Indoor Air Research, USA),DST (Department of Science and Technology), AERB (Atomic Energy Regulatory Board)

and MOEF (Ministry of Environment and Forests).

Major ongoing research deals with contemporary topics like: (a) clean technologies and industrial polluon

prevenon, (b) integrated treatment and disposal of hazardous waste, (c) biomedical waste management (d)

biodegradaon of complex industrial wastewaters and wastewaters containing mixed substrates, (e) biodegradaon

of complex non-aqueous liquid pollutants, (f) development and pollutants, (g) development of novel bioreactors

(RBC, UASB), (h) air polluon monitoring, modelling and health risk analysis, (i) aerosol and PAH emission factors, (j)environmental impact assessment of developmental projects, (k) in-situ and ex-situ remediaon of contaminated

groundwater and aquac environments.

The Centre oers wide professional experse and acvely pursues sponsored research, consultancy and technical

services. CESE is also very acve in manpower development and regularly organizes tailor-made workshops and

training programs.

Technology Employed:

Anaerobic. Treatment Technologies like UASB, UAGSB, Biolter, Hybrid reactors, Adsorpon, Ion exchange,

Membrane Processes


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Contact Details:

Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering,

Indian Instute of Technology Bombay,

Powai, Mumbai - 400076

Phone: +91-22-25767851

Fax: +91-22-25786530

Website: hp://www.cese.iitb.ac.in/

5. Water and Environment Sanitaon India (WES-NET)

Headquarters:New Delhi

Main Line of Acvity:Water and Environmental Sanitaon

Prole/Overview:

WES-Net India is a learning alliance of stakeholders in the Water and Environmental Sanitaon sector, including

NGOs, UN agencies, private sector, consultants, government departments and donors.

WES-Nets objecve is to improve knowledge sharing and co-ordinaon within the water and sanitaon sector -

focused on achieving the Millennium Development Goals. The network aims to enhance horizontal and vercal

exchange of informaon and experiences through connuous feedback from people who use it.

WES-Net is also the Water and Sanitaon Community of the UNs Knowledge Management Partnership Iniave.

The soluon exchange plaorm (e-discussions) enables WES-Net members to parcipate by raising and addressing

issues which are shaping the water and sanitaon sector in India. As WES-Net develops, it will link up with other

networks - regional, naonal and internaonal to strengthen knowledge sharing and advocacy.

Technology Employed:not specied

Contact Details:

WES-Net India

25/1-A, Pankha Road,

D- Block, Janakpuri,

New Delhi- 110058

Phone: 011-28525412, 011-28525452


Website: www.wesnendia.org


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3. Organizations in waste water treatment

1. Pallavaram Tanners Industrial Euent Treatment Company, Ltd.

Headquarters: Chennai

Main Line of Acvity: Tannery waste water treatment

Prole/Overview:

M/s. Pallavaram Tanners Industrial Euent Treatment Company (PTIETC), a company, established by the member

tanners, is responsible for operaon and maintenance of the CETP. It is managed by a Board of Directors comprised

of elected member tanners. Mr. M.S. Pandian, a tanner of the area, is currently the Chairman of the company.

One of the earliest CETPs in the leather sector to be established in the state, the PTIETC CETP was commissionedin the year 1995. UNIDO rendered technical assistance to this project and TNPCB was also closely involved at the

stage of its implementaon. Subsequently, it has been receiving connual technical assistance and support from

CLRI, NEERI and UNIDO. This was the rst CETP to have been set up with a mechanical sludge dewatering system

(belt lter press), diused aeraon system and a mechanical ne screen.

Technology Employed: Mechanical Sludge Dewatering System (Belt Filter Press), Diused Aeraon System and

a Mechanical Fine Screen

Contact Details:

Old No 63 New No 105,Nagalgeni, Anna Salai,

Chrompet, Chennai 600044

Phone: +(91)-(44)-22386227, 22416522, 29700054, 29700055


2. Central Leather Research Instute


Main Line of Acvity: Sustainable processes for leather processing

Prole/Overview:

Established in 1948, CLRI has been working on tanneries euent treatment for the last 20-25 years. They provide

consulng to tanneries such as PTIET and many more. They have a team of 10 members who have specialized in

various domains of waste water treatment.

The technology involves biological and catalyc oxidaons coupled in a single reactor. Biological oxidaon of

constuents of wastewater is accomplished by the immobilized aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (chemo autotrophs)

in the meso pores of acvated carbon and catalyc oxidaon is carried out at the acve sites of acvated carbon.

CLRI has also developed a packed bed reactor (CAACO Reactor) for the treatment of waste water. The CAACOtechnology has been implemented in more than 50 installaons to test its ecacy on the treatment of wastewater

discharged from dierent industries, soware parks, residenal colonies of varying capacies.


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Technology Employed6: Chemo Autotrophic Acvated Carbon Oxidaon (CAACO)

Contact Details:Environmental Technology Division

CLRI, Adyar, Chennai 600 020.

Tamilnadu

Phone : +91-44-24450234

Website: hp://www.clri.org

3. Ambika Projects India Ltd.


Main Line of Acvity: Waste Water Treatment and Sewage Treatment.

Prole/Overview:

Ambika Projects India Private Ltd (APIPL) is an Engineering Procurement & Construcon (EPC) company catering

to water & waste water treatment. Since its incepon in 2004, APIPL has been a mul diversied company with

adherence to business ethics and commitment to highest standards of quality. Today, the company is engaged in an

ongoing endeavour of conducng business both in Indian and Internaonal Market. APIPLs key competencies which

are based on many man hours of plant building experience lie in the planning, engineering, project implementaon,

commissioning and operaon of water and wastewater treatment plants, water intake & distribuon system forthe commercial, municipal, industrial and large sized residenal sectors.

The company oers customized soluons for customer needs through a comprehensive range of services and

innovave technologies. By oering single point responsibility during the course of the project, we oer turnkey

soluons with guaranteed performance, xed costs and me bounded execuon.

Technologies employed:

Clariers, Clariocculators, Thickeners, API separators, Dissolved Air Floataon Units (DAF), Plate / Tube /

Lamella Separators, Bar screen & Grit removal mechanism, Oil skimmers / Oil separators, Aerators

Contact Details:

AMBIKA PROJECTS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

1167, TVS Colony,

Annanagar west extension

Chennai, Tamilnadu,

India - 600101

Phone: +91-44-4290 8200 - 50

Fax: +91-44-2654 9004


Website: hp://www.ambikagroup.in/waste-water-treatment.htm

6More info - hp://www.clri.org/Technologies.aspx#anc4


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4. Nuchem Ltd.

Headquarters: Faridabad

Main Line of Acvity: Chemical Engineering

Prole/Overview:

Nuchem Limited is a technology driven chemical engineering Company that uses a variety of chemical processes to

produce primary materials that go into the manufacture of numerous products consumed by other industries. Being

a major player in the eld of environment management and water, all its products conform to IS Standards and the

corresponding Brish and American Standards. In 1976, Nuchem established the Environment Management Centre

(EMC) as a business Division of the Company. The task enfolds: (1) To provide environmental services, basically the

analycal and treatment soluons to the environmental problems faced by industrial enterprises, governmentbodies and other technical agencies; (2) To take up environment management projects: water treatment, waste

water management, recycling of sanitary, urban and industrial waste and building capacity for eecve water

management and service delivery and (3) To conduct applied and applicaon research for process upgradaon,

product improvement, innovang new techniques and products for Nuchem Ltd. and other sponsors.

The projects done in the water management eld involves:

To purify water for applicaons as varied as drinking water for homes, villages, residenal complexes,

instuons, industries, cooling towers, furnaces and packaged boled water; and

To recover pure water from raw sewage for industrial applicaons.

Technologies employed:

Micro Filtraon (MF) Ultra Filtraon (UF) Nano Filtraon (NF)

Reverse Osmosis (RO) Demineralizaon (DM) Iron Removal Filters (IRF)

Contact Details:

20/6, Mathura Road,

Faridabad -121 006

Phone: +91-129-2304000~6; 4061040 / 41; 2304005 / 6

Fax: +91-129-4061278


Website: hp://www.nuchem.com/

5. UEM Group

Headquarters: Florida, USA

Main Line of acvity: Waste Water Treatment

Prole/Overview:

UEM Group provides complete, single source services ranging from engineering and design to construcon and

installaon of water, wastewater and solid waste treatment facilies.


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UEMs range of service includes all phases of project development from planning, feasibility studies, engineering

design, equipment/systems supply, and construcon/installaon to startup and operaons. UEM also provides

avenues for nancing for large and small projects through lease nance or on low interest long term debt nancing

based on counter guarantees for large municipal projects.

UEM Group has designed and installed over 300 water and wastewater treatment plants of all sizes - large, medium,

and small - throughout the world and is capable enough to undertake large mul-million dollar turnkey projects

as well as implement medium or small projects with personalized service. UEM has implemented projects for

many mulnaonal companies (such as Coca-Cola, Procter and Gamble, Bristol Myers Squibb, Tietex Limited, Toray

Nylon, Kuruwita Manchester, American & Efrid and Birmingham Steel among others) as well as projects funded by

the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, and Caribbean Development Bank.

Technologies employed: Reverse Osmosis, Membrane Systems

Contact Details:

Windsor IT Park, Tower- B

2nd & 3rd Floor, Sector-125, Noida

Phone: 0120-3817000; 3817001; 3817002

Fax: + 91-11-26239801


Website: hp://www.uemgroup.com

6. Southern Cogen Systems Pvt. Ltd.

Headquarters: Karnataka, India

Main Line of acvity: wastewater and solid waste management

Prole/Overview:

Scogen aims to be the undisputed market leader for environmentally sustainable soluons in the wastewater and

solid waste management industry.

Scogens mission is to be a total soluon provider for energy conservaon and waste management in the industry.

Scogen aims to provide products and services that are energy ecient and environmentally friendly at aordable

prices.

Technologies employed: WMUTM system

Contact Details:

Plot No.5, Phase II, Thandya Industrial Area,

Chikkayyana Chatra, Nanjangud Taluk 571 301

Mysore Dist., Karanataka, India.

Phone: +91 8221 228 614, 228 627

Fax: +91 8221 228 620.Email: [email protected]

Website: hp://www.scogen.in


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7. Naonal Environmental Engineering Research Instute (NEERI)

Headquarters:Nagpur

Main Line of Acvity: Environmental Science and Engineering for Sustainable Development

Prole:

The Naonal Environmental Engineering Research Instute (NEERI), Nagpur was established in 1958 as Central

Public Health Engineering Research Instute (CPHERI), when environmental concerns were limited to human health

with a focus on water supply/sewage disposal/communicable diseases and to some extent on industrial polluon

and occupaonal diseases. Naonal Environmental Engineering Research Instute (NEERI), Nagpur, is devoted to

research and innovaons in environmental science and engineering besides solving a range of problems posed by

industry, government and public. It is a constuent of Council of Scienc & Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi,and has a naon-wide presence with its ve zonal laboratories at Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai.

NEERIS focus areas are:

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) VOCs, Monitoring, Health Impacts, Public Awareness and Training.

Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) Urban AQ data-bank, inventorizaon, source apporonment analysis, analycal

techniques, cost eecve control, conservaon of monuments.

Drinking Water WQ surveillance and assessment, water treatment, supply and distribuon, training for rural

sector.

Water Resources EIA of river linking projects, arcial recharge of groundwater and aquifers, eco-restoraon

of lakes and reservoirs, ecological minimum ows, watershed planning, catchment areas treatment, salinity

ingress in coastal areas.

Wastewater Recycling for zero discharge, color and pathogen removal, treatability studies, and Design or

revamping ETPs/STPs/CETPs through innovave soluons.

Industry Waste minimizaon, Recovery and recycling of wastes, Environment and process audit, EIA, Carrying

capacity, LCA, Global environmental policies.

Bio/Phyto Remediaon Reclamaon and restoraon of degraded lands (mine spoil dumps/tailings, saline

soils, etc.), Carbon sequestraon applicaons, Land applicaon of treated sewage, nutrient dynamics. Municipal Solid & Hazardous Wastes Design of landlls and disposal systems, Composng and biomethanaon,

stabilizaon.

Energy security Biogas systems, Enrichment of methane, Microbial producon of hydrogen.

Health Single Nucleode Polymorphism (SNP) analysis for delineaon of genec disturbances due to

exposures of air pollutants.

Technologies Employed:

UV Photocatalysis Scale-up of Wastewater Treatment Technologies

Detoxicaon & Biodegradaon Modeling of Wastewater Treatment Processes

Solar Photocatalysis Removal of Dissolved Solids from Wastewater


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Color removal Removal of Nutrients from Wastewater

Electrochemical Methods

Monitoring & Removal of Volale Organic Compounds

Electrooxidaon Natural Puricaon Systems for Wastewater Treatment

Electrocoagulaon Land Applicaon of Treated Wastewater

Electrooataon Recovery of Chemicals from Wastewater and Value-addion

Electro-Fenton Process Disinfecon of Water, Sewage & Treated Euents

Catalyc Wet Oxidaon Adsorbents for Heavy Metals Removal

Ozonaon Minimizaon of Turbulence Nutrient Removal

Solid-liquid Separaon Through

Modicaon in Design of Clariers

Hydraulic Energy Dissipaon

Contact Details:

Naonal Environmental Engineering Research Instute (NEERI)

Nehru Marg,

Nagpur, 440020, India

Phone: +91-712-2249885-88 & 2249970-72

Fax: +91-712-2249900

Email: [email protected]: www.neeri.res.in


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4. Organizations in wastewater conservation and recycling

1. Akar Impex

Headquarters:Noida

Main Line of Acvity: Waste Water Treatment & Recycling

Prole/Overview:

Akar Impex Pvt. Ltd. is commied to providing quality products and services to its clients at a compeve price. The

company shall endeavour to engage in connuous research and development of its products and services and will do

what is necessary to maintain high level of employee commitment and enthusiasm to provide its clients the most cost

ecient soluons.

The company shall take care to pay parcular aenon to clients specic needs and oer not merely the products

or services but oer them praccable soluons. Along the water sector, they work on:

Equipment manufacturing and supply

Consultancy Design and Engineering

Construcon of treatment plants

Turnkey projects

Onsite project works

Training of sta and personnel of customers

Customer service

Operaon and maintenance of treatment plants

Technology Employed: Not Specied

Contact Details:

E-9, Sector-6,

Noida-201301

U.P.-India.

Phone: +91-120-4526666, 4526638

Email:[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Website: www.akarimpex.com/

2. Linear technologies

Headquarters:Mumbai

Main Line of Acvity: Water Recycling

Prole: Established in 1996.

Technology employed: Greywater Recycling


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Contact Details:

206, Jagru Ind Est., Mogul Lane,

Mahim, Mumbai - 400016,

Maharashtra, India

Phone: +91-22-24300096-97

Fax: +91-22-24300098

Website: www.goo.gl/fcmwe

3. Auroville Centre for Scienc Research

Headquarters: Puducherry, India

Main Line of Acvity: Renewable Energy Systems

Prole:

Auroville Centre for Scienc Research (CSR) is an internaonal voluntary organizaon working towards a sustainable

future in the eld of renewable energy systems (wind, solar, biomass), appropriate architecture & building technologies,

waste water recycling and sanitaon, and the transfer of these technologies through training programs.

CSR was founded on January 6th, 1984. Aer the Indian Parliament passed the Auroville Foundaon Act in 1988,

the assets of CSR were transferred to an autonomous instuon, the Auroville Foundaon. From April 1998 CSR was

registered under two trusts, one for its research acvies, Auroville Centre for Scienc Research, the other for its

commercial acvies, Aurore Trust. The Auroville community has been experimenng with small scale wastewaterrecycling systems for over een years. During that me pilot systems were built, experience was gathered, and

the operang skills with such plants improved.

In the mid-eighes the rst experiments with recycling of wastewater took place. Absence of specialised literature

and proper guidance made the small household pioneer plants more of an exercise in trial and error learning. A

dedicated group maintained the interest in the subject and relied for expert advice and informaon mainly on

vising experts from western countries. During the ninees the preferred choice for recycling domesc wastewater

shied towards treatment systems called planted lters. With such natural funconing systems one could obtain a

high quality euent. The large space requirement for this kind of system was not viewed as a disadvantage since

the treatment systems can be beaufully landscaped into any environment, even urban.

Technology employed:

Horizontal Planted Filters, also called Constructed Wetlands or Root Zone Treatment System

Contact Details:

Unity Pavillon

605101 Auroville

T.N. INDIA

Phone: +91 (0)413 2622 121

Email: [email protected]: hp://www.auroville.org/research/csr/csr.htm


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4. Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras

Headquarters: Chennai, India

Main Line of acvity: Clean technology (water recycling inclusive)

Prole/Overview:

The Department of Civil Engineering has been in existence since the incepon of IIT Madras in 1959. The departmental

acvies embrace Planning, Design, Construcon and Management. The academic programs, B. Tech., M. Tech.,

M.S. and Ph.D., of the Civil Engineering department at IIT Madras are some of the best in the country and the

world. Many of the faculty members have received advanced degrees and/or training from reputed instuons in

India, Germany, UK, USA, Canada, Japan and Netherlands. The acvies of the department are carried out under

ve dierent divisions as follows:

Building Technology and Construcon Management (BTCM)

Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (EWRE)

Geotechnical Engineering (GT)

Structural Engineering (ST)

Transportaon Engineering (TR)

The major research areas in Environmental Engineering are: air and water quality monitoring, modelling and

management, indoor air polluon, water and wastewater treatment, solid and hazardous waste management,

bioremediaon of contaminated sites and subsurface contaminant transport studies.

The major research areas in Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering are: so compung in water resources,

hydrologic modelling, stochasc and spaal hydrology, computaonal hydraulics, conjuncve use of surface and

ground water, aquifer modelling and management, fracture-rock matrix interacons, water resources planning and

management, urban water supply and GIS/remote sensing applicaons.

Technologies employed7:

Fluidized bed bioreactor, Membrane Bioreactors, Aerobic FBB

Contact Details:Professor and Head

Department of Civil Engineering

IIT Madras, Chennai - 600 036.

Tamil Nadu, INDIA

E-mail: [email protected];[email protected]

Phone: +91 - 44 - 2257 4250

Fax: +91 - 44 - 2257 4252

Website: hp://www.civil.iitm.ac.in/

7 More info - hp://www.civil.iitm.ac.in/new/?q=gopal_rp


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5. Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd.

Headquarters: Hyderabad, India

Main Line of acvity: Infrastructure Development and Environment Management

Prole/Overview:

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited is the leading provider of comprehensive waste management and environmental

services in India, serving customers in more than 17 States and Union Territories. The Company is commied to a

foundaon of professionalism, operang excellence and sustainable growth.

The Company set up Indias rst Integrated Hazardous waste management facility under the Public-Private-

Partnership model at Hyderabad in the year 1998. The pioneering acvity connued with the seng up of Indias

rst Biomedical Waste Management facility at Hyderabad in the year 2000.

The Company has signicant in-house skills and experience in water supply, waste water treatment, underground

drainage systems and related areas. Ramky currently has a signicant market share in the segment and has a major

share of water related projects tendered by the Government.

Ramky has several operaonal plants in water and waste water treatment. The Company has capabilies in

membrane technology (MBR/UF/RO), high TDS euent evaporaon as well as sea water desalinaon.

Ramky has now embarked on the mobile water business, where a eet of water treatment equipment carrying

trucks are always available. This eet can produce pure water as and when and where it is needed. This can meet

requirements arising out of seasonal or supplemental requirements, emergencies, delays in plant start-ups etc.

Technologies employed: Membrane Technology (MBR/UF/RO), High TDS Euent Evaporaon as Well as Sea

Water Desalinaon

Contact Details:

TSR Towers,

Rajbhavan Road, Somajiguda,

Hyderabad 500 082, A.P.

Phone: +91-40-4442 2222 (60 - Lines)

E-mail: [email protected] site: ww.ramky.com

6. WABAG

Headquarters: Chennai, India and Vienna, Austria

Main Line of acvity: Water Conservaon, Recycling, Treatment

Prole/Overview:

WABAG is one of the worlds leading companies in the water treatment eld. WABAGs key competences, whichare based on over 80 years of plant building experience, lie in the planning, compleon and operaon of drinking

water and wastewater plants for both the municipal and industrial sectors.


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WABAG oers sustained soluons for special customer needs through a comprehensive range of services and

innovave technologies. WABAGs plants facilitate environmentally compable wastewater disposal and secure

access to clean drinking water for an increasing number of people. This allows us to make an important contribuon

to environmental protecon and enhanced quality of life.

Technologies employed8: Membrane Technology (MBR/UF/RO), Sea Water Desalinaon, biological high-

performance systems, nitrate removal and sewage sludge reducon

Contact Details:

11, Murrays Gate Road, Alwarpet,

Chennai 600018. India

Phone: +91 44 42232323

Fax: +91 44 42232324


Web site: hp://www.wabag.com

More info - hhtp://www.wabag.com/MainWabag/Wabag/English/Innovaon.asp?menus_id=106

8More info - hp://www.wabag.com/MainWabag/Wabag/English/Innovaon.asp?menus_id=106


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3. APPENDIX

1. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA R & D WATER PRIORITY

Government of India

Ministry of Rural Development

Department of Drinking Water Supply

Rajiv Gandhi Naonal Drinking Water Mission

*****

Priority areas for research and development (R&D) iniaves in rural drinking water and sanitaon sector

during 11th

Five Year Plan

Department of Drinking Water Supply, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India has idened the

following priority areas for sponsoring research and development projects in rural drinking water and sanitaon

sector and seeks R&D proposals from well established R&D instuons, Universies, etc.:

Priority area I

Water resources exploraon, assessment & exploitaon related technology development

i.) Specialized geo-physical intervenons for problem areas;

ii.) Remote sensing applicaons in specic areas (other than hydro-geo-morphological maps) including temporal

changes in land use and intervenons on creaon of ground water sanctuaries;

iii.) Improvement of tradional springs/ tanks/ ponds/ surangams including monitoring;

iv.) Evaporaon control in drinking water based surface water courses; and

v.) Disseminaon of ecient technologies through universies and reputed organizaons.

Priority area II

Technology development for improvement in water extracon techniques

i.) Improvements in hand pump/ aachments like dual pumps energy saving pumps/ windmill/ solar pumps/hydraulic rams;

ii.) Improving energy eciency for reducing O&M costs for projects using convenonal power;

iii.) Improvement in tube-well eciency (strainer, gravel pack);

iv.) Improvement on rejuvenaon techniques (caving of wells/ clogged strainers/ clogged inltraon gallery).

Priority area III

Water scarcity reducon and related technology development

i.) Arcial recharge/ control of salinity ingress/ evaporaon reducon techniques/ desalinaon;ii.) Water saving irrigaon/ industry/ reuse and recycling/ tap leakage detecon and prevenon improved

storage and distribuon inexpensive storage tanks (ferro-cement)/ distribuon pipes (PVC, bamboo);


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iii.) Improvements in distribuon network of water supply projects for reducing water losses including

unaccounted losses;

iv.) Recovery of pure water from waste-water/ sludge generated from clari-occulators and improved methods

of alum recovery;

v.) Special intervenons for providing safe drinking water in drought prone and ood-hit areas; and

vi.) Cost opmizaon and improvements on types of materials, structure, storage, etc. For rain-water harvesng

structures.

Priority area IV

Technology for water quality enhancement for rural areas

i.) Development of water quality kit;

ii.) Technologies for treatment of excess salinity/ sulphate/ nitrate/ arsenic/ uoride/ iron, etc.;

iii.) Bacteria/ virus and related micro-biological/ genec engineering impacts with respect to unsafe drinking

water quality;

iv.) Development of water quality enhancement - tablets/ powders/ portable heaters/ tradional herbs and

processes;

v.) Various methods of disinfecon including newer technologies like ozonaon, copper-silver ionizaon, etc.;

vi.) Environment friendly sludge disposal methodologies from treatment plants; and

vii.) Improving eciency of RO plants and reducon of O&M cost through use of solar photo-voltaic (PV) cells.

Priority area V

Watershed management to opmize drinking water supply

i.) Delineaon and resource inventory of the micro or mini watersheds;

ii.) Maximizaon of water conservaon and minimizaon of environmental degradaon like erosion,

sedimentaon, etc..;

iii.) Conjuncve use of water resources development of eecve models; and

iv.) Pilot studies on convergence of various centrally sponsored schemes for achieving drinking water security.

Priority area VI

Water-health interacon in the socio economic cultural set up

i.) Interface problems between engineers/ geologists/ medical sciensts on water and sanitaon issues;

ii.) Correlaon between water constraints and quality of life, especially for communicaon and social mobilizaon

strategies;

iii.) Nutrional intervenon in Fluoride and Arsenic aected villages;

iv.) Methods of bringing about behavioral changes w.r.t. sanitaon, safe water use, etc.;

v.) Improving water and sanitaon governance;

vi.) R&D projects based on mul-centric studies;


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vii.) Governance and conict resoluons in water and sanitaon sector; and

viii.) Change management of rural water supply sector Engineers/ Sciensts.

riority area VII

Development of appropriate rural sanitaon technology

i.) Design of improved leach pit;

ii.) Hygienic rural toilets;

iii.) Ulizaon of kitchen waste;

iv.) Protecon of open wells/ ponds and improved methods of sanitary survey;

v.) Ecological sanitaon and methods for enhancing ferlizer value of digested material;

vi.) Improved methods of solid and liquid waste management;

vii.) Solid waste management especially with regard to re-use/ recycle/ reduce use of plascs; and

viii.) Women menstrual hygiene, baby friendly toilets, special toilets for disabled, infant sanitaon, etc.

LIST OF FIELDS FOR R&D PROPOSAL ON SANITATION

1. Design & implementaon of environment friendly self-sustaining sanitaon system - this may include design of

improved leach pits, other technical opons for IHHL, hygienic rural toilets, ecological sanitaon etc.

2. Improved/economical toilet design for children, dierently-abled persons, Emergency Situaons with suggested

cost implicaons.

3. Improved/Economical Community/Instuonal sanitaon system including waste management.

4. Eecveness of models of sanitaon in various hydro-geological & geo-physical condions.

5. Methods of bringing about behavioral changes for sanitaon and its use.

6. Zero discharge/waste management system involving communies this considers ulizaon of kitchen waste

and methods of solid & liquid waste management.

7. Establishing linkages of sanitaon with Water, Health, Agriculture and Power generaon.

Note: thrust will be given on technology development and demonstraon and proving them in the eld throughtrials and transfer of technology for large scale applicaon.


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110926 REP EBTC Greentech Water

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