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24

Shashi kumar – Micro Economics (2004) - Anmol Publication Pvt Ltd

Ben S.Bernake – Principles of Micro Economics (2001) - MC Graw Hill Education

M.L.Seth – Micro Economics (2012) - Lakshmi Narain Agarwal Publication

M.L. Jhingan – Modern Micro Economics (Fourth Edition) (2012) - Virnda

Publication Pvt Ltd

Ryan C. Amacher – Principles of Micro Economics (1980) - South-Western Pub.Co

http://wikieducator.org/Introduction_to_Economics_and_Microeconomic_Theory


25

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Shashi kumar – Micro Economics (2004) - Anmol Publication Pvt Ltd

Ben S.Bernake – Principles of Micro Economics (2001) - MC Graw Hill Education

M.L.Seth – Micro Economics (2012) - Lakshmi Narain Agarwal Publication

M.L. Jhingan – Modern Micro Economics (Fourth Edition) (2012) - Virnda

Publication Pvt Ltd

Ryan C. Amacher – Principles of Micro Economics (1980) - South-Western Pub.Co

www.managedstudy.com

http://slideplayer.com/slide/7656075/.

http://www.brainkart.com/subject/Economics_14/

http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/consumers/measurement-of-utility-cardinal-

utility-and-ordinal-utility/46782


59

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3.5

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a to b 100% 200%

b to c 100% 100%

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67


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69

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2

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:


100


101

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11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20


102

1. Principles of Microeconomics, 7th Edition (Mankiw’s Principles of Economics) by N. Gregory Mankiw

2. Microeconomics: Principles, Problems, & Policies (McGraw-Hill Series in Economics) by Campbell McConell, Stanley Brue, and Sean Flynn

3. M.L.Seth – Micro Economics (2012) - Lakshmi Narain Agarwal Publication4. M.L. Jhingan – Modern Micro Economics (Fourth Edition) (2012) - Virnda

Publication Pvt Ltd5. Ryan C. Amacher – Principles of Micro Economics (1980) - South-Western Pub.Cohttp://wikieducator.org/Introduction_to_Cost_Concepts


103

5.1

5

5.2

1 2


104

2.

3.

4.

5.3.2

5.3.1

1.

5.3


105

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.3.3

1.

2.

5.3.4

1. 2.


106

5.4

5.4.2

1.

1.

2.

5.4.1


107

2.

5.5.1

5.5


108

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110

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111

5.7

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112

5.7.2

5.7.3

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113

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5.7.4

2

3 2

2

2

2

2

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114

5.7.6

5.7.5

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115

5.8.1

5.8.2


116

0

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K

P

L

Y

AR,

AC,

MR

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C


117

:

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5.8.3


118

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119

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1

2

3

4

9


120

5.12


121

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122

2

3

4

9


123

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20


124

29

31

32

33

34

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125

1. Roger Leroy Miller “ Economics today The Micro view “ , Addition Wesley , 15th

edition, 2010 .

2. Irvin B. Tucker, “ Economics for Today “, South Western Cengage learning, 6th

edition, 2010.

3. K.K. Dewett, M.H. Navalur, “ Modern Economic Theory “ , S. Chand, 23rd edition, 2010.

4. H.L. Ahuja, “ Principles of Micro Economics “, Publisher S. Chand , 22nd edition, 2016.

5. Shankaran, “ Micro Economics “,

6. Micro Economics (Principles, Applications and tools) by-Arthur O’ Sullivan,

Steven Sheffrin, Stephen Perez, Pearson

1. www.economicsconcepts.com

2. www.microeconomicsnotes.com

3. www.economicsdiscussion.net


126

6.26.1

6

1

2


127

6.4

6.3


128

VMP = MPP x

MRP = MPP x MR


129

6.5

6.5.1


130

6.5.1


131

2.

6.5.2

A 40 40-20= 20B 30 30-20= 10C 20 20-20= 0

1.


132

6.6

1.

2.

3.

6.5.3

6.6.1

6.6.2


133

6.7

6.7.2

6.7.3

6.7.1


134

6.8

6.7.5

6.8.1

6.6.1

=

6.7.4


135

6.9

6.9.2

6.8.2

6.9.1


136

6.9.3


137

1.

6.9.4

=

= S + BC + DH + DI

=

= I + C + H

J.M.

BC


138

Mt = f (y)

``

Mp = f (y)

`

Ms = f (i)

`


139

6.10

6.10.1

`


140

6.116.10.2

6.10.3

6.11.1


141

6.11.2

6.11.3

6.11.4


142

6.12


143


144

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20


145


146


147

7

1 2

7.1


148

7.2

7.3

7.3.1

1.

2.


149

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.


150

10.

7.3.2

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.3.3


151

1901 23.84 -1911 25.21 0.561921 25.13 -0.031931 27.90 1.041941 31.87 1.331951 36.11 1.251961 43.92 1.961971 54.81 2.201981 68.33 2.221991 84.33 2.162001 102.70 1.972011 121.02 1.66

(Source: Registrar General of India)

1951 39.9 27.42001 25.4 8.42011 21.8 7.11

(Source: Source: Registrar General of India)


152

1951 1172001 3252011 382


1951 9462001 9332011 940

(Source: Source: Registrar General of India)


153

7.4

7.4.1

1951 32.5 31.7 32.11991 58.6 59.0 58.72001 61.6 63.3 62.52011 62.6 64.2 63.5


1951 18.3 27.2 8.92001 64.8 75.3 53.72011 74.04 82.1 65.5



154

7.4.2

7.4.3


155

7.5

7.6

7.6.1

7.6.2


156

7.7

1.

2.

7.7.1


157

7.8

7.7.2

7.8.1


158

7.8.2


159

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

7.8.3


160

7.8.4

1.


161

2.

3.

4.

7.8.5


162

7.8.6

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


163

6.

7.

7.8.7

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


164

7.9


165


166

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20


167

Indian Economy -by Ramesh Singh

Indian Economy -Datt & Sundharam

India’s Reforms: How They Produced Inclusive GrowthBy Jagdish Bhagwati; Arvind

Panagariya

Reforms and Economic Transformation in IndiaBy Jagdish Bhagwati; Arvind Panagariya

India: The Emerging GiantBy Arvind Panagariya

http://www.economicsdiscussion.net/indian-economy/top-11-features-of-a-

developing-economy/18987




Panagariya








Panagariya








Panagariya





1. Ramesh Singh - Indian Economy 5th edition - McGraw Hill Publication

2. Gaurav datt & Aswani Mahajan - Datt & Sundharam Indian Economy 72nd edition

- S.Chand Publication

3. Jagdish Bhagwati; Arvind Panagariya - India’s Reforms: How They Produced

Inclusive Growth

4. Jagdish Bhagwati; Arvind Panagariya - Reforms and Economic Transformation in

India

5. Arvind Panagariya - India: The Emerging Giant




168

8.28.1

8

1 2


169

8.2.2

8.2.3 8.2.1


170

8.3

)

8.3.1

8.3.2

8.2.4


171

8.5

8.4

1.

2.

8.3.3


172

8.6

3.

4.

5.

6.

8.6.1

1.

2.

3.


173

8.7

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

4.

8.6.2

1.

2.

3.

4.


174

6)

7)


175

8.8

1)


176

4)

5)

6)

2)

3)


177

8.9

7)


178

5)

7)


179

8.10

8.11


180

8.12


181

8.13


182


183


184

8.14

=

8.14.1

(HDI)


185

8.15

8.14.2


186


187

2.

3.

5.


188

12.

13.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

11 12 13 15 16 17


189

25.

26.

27.

31.

32.

33.

34.

37.

22.

23.

24.

35.

36.


190

2.

1. Gaurav Datt and Ashwani Mahajan, ‘Datt&Sundharam Indian Economy’ S. Chand &

Company Pvt. Ltd. 68th Revised Edition, 2013.

2. JagdishBhagwati; Arvind Panagariya - Reforms and Economic Transformation in India

www.gatewayforindia.com/history/eastindiacompanybefore1857

www.threecolonialportcitiesinindia/geographicalreviewvol.78.issue.1 pg:32-47.-

M.Kosambi, 1978.

www.planningcommission.nic.in

https://www.scribd.com/doc/18643336/characteristics-of-indian-economy-pre-colonial-

and-colonial

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_India


191

9.1

9

1


192

9.3

9.2


193

9.5

9.4


194

9.6


195

9.7


196

9.1

5-66 – 8

3-105-16

151037


197

9.8


198


199

9.9


200

9.11

9.10


201


202


203

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

2000


204204


205


206

10.1

10

1 2


207

10.2

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.


208

10.3

10.410.

11.

12.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.


209

10.5

8.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.


210

10.6.1

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

10.6


211

10.7

2010

2005

1985 1986

2005

2009

2005

2011

2013

9.

10.6.2

1975

1976

1979

1977

1980

1983

1989

2006


212

10.7.1

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


213

10.8

5.

6.

10.7.2

1.

2.

3.

4.


214

10.9


215

3.

4.

10.9.3

10.9.1

10.9.2

1.

2.


216


217

10.10


218

10.11


219

1.

2.


220

10.13

10.12

3.

4.

5.


221


222


223

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20


224

1. Annual Report, Ministry of Rural Development, GOI.

2. Rural Economics by Patel KV, A C Shah and LD’Mello, Himalaya

Publishing House, Bombay.

3. Rural Economics by Grewal PS, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

4. Rural Economics by Dhingara IC, Sultan Chand & sons, New Delhi.

5. Agricultural Economics and Rural Development by Tyagi BP, Jai

Prakash Nath & Co., Meerut.

6. Integrated Rural Development by Ramasamy AS, Oxford & IBH

Publishing Co Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.


225

11

'

11.1

1 2


226

}


227

11.3

11.2

`


228

11.4

812239

412623,20,707

14,92,359

Source: Tamil Nadu Government Season & Crop Report 2012-13

11.4.2

11.4.1


229

11.5

7.2

6.5

6.5

5.9

5.6

4.7

2.1

11.5.1

11.5.2

30,275,000 87%

2,000,000 66%

23,000,000 42%

8,000,000 38%

2,000,000 33%

98,000,000 28%

5,000,000 27%

2,000,000 25%

73,000,000 17%


230

11.6

11.5.5

11.5.6

11.5.7

11.5.3

1 IMR 17 34

2 MMR 79 159

370.668.672.7

67.966.469.6

480.33 %86.81 %

73.86 %

74.04%82.14%

65.46%5 995 940

11.5.4


231

$ 207.8

$ 171

$ 184

$ 81

11.6.1

11.6.2

2200

1670

2175

2151

1443

1358

1029

729


232

11.7

1,57,116

1,55,516

1,46,416

1,58,360

1,37,000


233

11.8

11.7.1

11.7.2

1

111

1223

334

8


234

11.8.1


235

11.8.3

11.8.4

11.8.5

11.8.2


236

11.8.8

11.8.6

11.8.7


237

11.9

11.9.1

1834 MW (2 x 917)

470 MW (2 x 235)

11.9.2

26,865 MW I18,641 MW II17,289 MW III12,691 MW IV

4,141 MW V79,627 MW

(Source: Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Government of India. Retrieved Jan.2017.)


238

11.9.4

1 1590.97

2 1317.64

3 1159.76

4 1073.41

5 979.65

11.9.5

13304 49.52

2203 8.20

986 3.67

10372 38.61

26865 100.00

11.9.3


239

11.10

11.10.1

11.10.2

35,414

9,708

12,911


240

11.10.4

11.10.5

2015-16 2016-17

46.9

30.2

24.9

21.0

14.4

25.2

11.10.3


241

11.10.6


242

11.11


243

11.12

11.13

34

BH OD AS MP UP KA WB NL MH GJ MG TN

33 32 3229

21 20 1917 17

12 12


244

• • • • • • • •

•

• • •

•

•

•

•

•

• • • •

•


245245

=


246


247

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20


248

1. A. G. Leonard - Tamil Nadu Economy – 2006, Laxmi Publications

2. V. Rajalakshmi - Tamil Nadu Economy – 1 Jun 2002, BPI (India) PVT Ltd

https://www.ibef.org/states/tamil-nadu.aspx

https://www.quora.com/Can-Tamil-Nadu-become-the-biggest-economy-in-India

https://www.indiatoday.in › India

statisticstimes.com/economy/economy-of-tamil-nadu.php


249

₹1

12

12.1

12.1.1

1

2


250

12.1.2

12.1.3

12.2

12.2.1

12.2.2

2

m= ,.


251

m yc

125

12.2.3

s s

Q

(Y • Y1) • m(X • X1)

X1 • 2, Y1 • 2

X2• 4, Y2 • • 8

y yy y

x xx x

��

��

1

2 1

1

2 1

Y x

Y x

��

��

��

��

28 2

24 2

210

22

2(y• 2) • • 10(x• 2)2y• 4 • • 10x • 20

2y • • 10x• 24

y • • 5x • 12


252

y yy y

x xx x

��

��

1

2 1

1

2 1

y x��

��

6

7 6

10

20 10

y x��

�6

1

10

10

yx

� ��6 1010

10(Y • 6) • X • 1010Y • 60 • X • 1010Y • 60 • 10 • X

₹

₹

₹

₹


253

p • 2.5

• 75

• 75

Qs • Qd

5 P • 100 • 5 P

10P • 100

P • 10

Qs • 5 P • 5 x 10 • 50

Qd • 100 • 5 P • 100 • 5(10) • 50

P • 10, Qd • 50, Qs • 50.

₹

10Y • 50 • X• X • • 10Y • 50

X • • 50 • 10Y

X • • 50 • 10 P

12.2.4

100• 10p • 50 • 10 p

100• 50 • 20p

50 • 20p 5020

p


254

12.3

y yy y

x xx x

��

��

1

2 1

1

2 1

y x��

��

1

2 1

100

50 100

y x��

��

1

1

100

50

• 50 (y • 1) • 1 (x • 100)

• 50y • 50 • x • 100

• 50y • 50 • 100 • x

• 50y • 150 • x

x • 150 • 50y

12.3.1

5P • 50 • Qd

P 50

5

1 2 3

100 50 0


255

A • •a b

a b

1 1

2 2then A a b a b� �1 2 2 1

a b ca b ca b c

ab cb c

ba ca c

ca ba b

1 1 1

2 2 2

3 3 3

1

2 2

3 3

1

2 2

3 3

1

2 2

3 3

� � �

• a1(b2c3• b3c2)• b1(a2c3• a3c2)• c1(a2b3• a3b2)

A•3 4

10 2��

�

�

•3 4

10 2��

�

�

A ��

� �� 3 410 2

3 2 10 4( )

• • 6 • 40 • • 46

A3 4 72 1 37 2 1

A � � � �3 4 72 1 37 2 1

31 32 1

42 37 1

72 17 2

• 3 (1 • 6) • 4 (2 • 21) • 7 (4 • 7)• 3 (• 5) • 4 (• 19) • 7 (• 3)

12.3.2

1 3 5

6 2 4

7 8 9

�

�

�

1 3 5

6 2 4

7 8 9

2 3

5 7

�

�

�

2 3

5 7

a a a

a a a

a a a

11 12 13

21 22 23

31 32 33

�

�

�

a a a

a a a

a a a

11 12 13

21 22 23

31 32 33

A


256

1 3

3 2

1

14��

�

� �

�

� �

�

�

�

xy

Δ ��

1 3

3 2

• • 2 • 9 • • 11

Δ ≠ 0

�� x � ��

1 3

14 22 42 • • 44

�� y � � � �1 1

3 1414 3 11

x x� �

��

��

44

114 , y y

� ��

� ��

1111

1

� �x 4 y � �1

• • 15 • 76 • 21

A • 40

12.3.3

a11x • a12 y • a13 z • b1

a21x • a22 y • a23 z • b2

a31x • a32 y • a33 z • b3

xx

yy

zz

� � ��

��

��

, ,

�� a a aa a aa a a

11 12 13

21 22 23

31 32 33

��

��

x y

b a ab a ab a a

a b aa b aa b a

z

� �1 12 13

2 22 23

3 32 33

11 1 13

21 2 23

31 3 33

, ,

��a a ba a ba a b

11 12 1

21 22 2

31 32 3

(1704-1752)

Δ ≠ 0

4 • 3(-1) • 1,

3(4) – 2(-1)• 14


257

• •7 • 26 • •42 • •• 61

Δx1• ��

�

0 1 1

8 2 1

7 3 2

• 0(4• 3)• (• 1)(• 16• 7) • •(• 1)(24 • •14)

• •0 • •1(• 23)• 1(38)

• •• 23 • •38 • •• 61

Δx2• ��

�

7 0 1

10 8 1

6 7 2

• •7(• 16• 7)• 0(• 20• 6)• (• 1)(70• 48)

• •7(• 23) • •0 • •1(22)

• •• 161• 22 • •• 183

Δx3• ��

7 1 0

10 2 8

6 3 7

• •7(• 14• 24) • •(• 1)(70• 48) • •0(30 • •12)

• •7(• 38) • •1(22) • •0

• •• 266 • •22 • •• 244

x x1

161

611� �

��

��

x x2

2183

613� �

��

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x x3

3244

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12.3.4

₹ ₹ ₹

�

�

�

��

� � � � �

��

� � � � �

� � � � � �

5 36 2

10 18 28

30 38 2

60 24 84

5 306 8

40 180

1

2

x

x 1140

8428

3

14028

5

11

22

� � ��

�

� ��

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xx

xx

��

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x1 • 3, x2 • 5

3

3

3

7 1 1

10

6 3 2

0

8

7

1

2

3

xxx

2 1

��

�

7 1 1

10 2 1

6 3 2

• • 7(4• 3)• (• 1)(• 20• 6)• (• 1)(30• 12)

• •7(1) • •1(• 26) • •1(42)


258

2x + 3y + 1z = 32, 4x + 3y + 2z = 52, 2x + 5y +3z = 60

2 3 14 3 22 5 3

325260

2 9 10 3 12 4 1 20

�

�

��

�

�

��

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x

y

z

�

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�

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� � � � �� ( ) ( ) ( ��

62 1 3 8 1 142 24 14 12

)( ) ( ) ( )

Δx

Δx = 32 3 152 3 260 5 3

�

�

��

�

�

��

x 32 9 10 3 156 120 1 260 18032 1 3 36 1 8032 1

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )

008 80 60

Δy

Δy = 2 32 14 52 22 60 3

�

�

��

�

�

��

�y � � � � � ��

2 156 120 32 12 4 1 240 1042 36 32 8 1 13672 25

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )

66 136 48� � �

Δz

Δz = 2 3 324 3 522 5 60

�

�

��

�

�

��

�z � � � � � ��

2( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )180 260 3 240 104 32 20 6

2 80 3 136 32 141600 408 448 120

6012

5

4812

4

� � � �

��

�

��

�

x ice of a pen

y ice of a p

(Pr )

(Pr eencil

z ice of anotebook

)

(Pr )��

�12012

10

₹

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6 53 4

4932

1

2

�

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x

x

₹

₹5


259

dydx

dydx

ddx

��

�4

0

3

3

dydx

dy

dx= ( ) −6 3

3 1x

4

4

dydx

dy

dx� � � �5 4

4 1x

• 20x3

3

3

3

12.4

12.4.1

d ydx

df xdx

� ��

� �

12.4.2

d c

dx

( ) 0

2. d x

dxnx

nn( )

� �1

3. d x

dxx x

( )� � ��1 1 11 1 0

4. d u v

dx

du

dx

dv

dx

��

5. d u v

dx

du

dx

dv

dx

��

1


260

MPd TPdQ

TPQ

MCd TCdQ

MC TCQ

ΔTC

ΔQ

3

TC • 15 • 3Q2 • 7Q3

MCddQ

d QdQ

d QdQ

��

��

�� 15 3 7

2 3

• 0• 3(2)Q2• 1 • 7(3)Q3• 1

MC • 6Q • 21Q2

MRd TRdQ

TRQ

ΔΔ

dydx

x x� � � � � �� 3 2 16 3

2 1 3 1

� �6 481 2x x

dydx

x x� �6 482

3dydx

3

dydx

x x� � � � � �� 2 3 6 1

3 1 1 1

� �6 62 0x x

dydx

x� �6 62

12.4.3

12.4.4


261

AVC(Q) • Q2 – 18Q • 91

AVC(Q) = 32–18(3)+9

=9–54+91

=100–54 = 46

AVC(Q) • Q Q QQ

3 218 91� �

• Q2 • 18Q • 91

10

Q

Q Q QQ

3 218 91 10� � �

� � � �Q QQ

218 91

10

AC • TCQ

MC (Q) • d TCdQ� �

• 0 • 60(1)Q1• 1 • 8(2)Q2• 1

• 0 • 60Q0 • 16Q1(Since, Q0• 1)

TR • 50Q • 4Q2

MR • d(TR)/dQ

MR • 50(1)Q1• 1 • 4(2)Q2• 1

• • 50(1)Q0 • 8 Q1

• • 50(1) • 8Q ( Q0 • 1,Q1• Q)

MR • 50 • 8Q

MR • 50 • 8(3) • 26

3

3

MC (Q) • d TCdQ� �

• 3Q3• 1 • 18(2)Q2• 1 • 91(1)Q1• 1• 0

• 3Q2 • 36Q1 • 91Q0 • 0

MC (Q) • 3Q2 • 36Q • 91 ( Q0•• •1)

•MC(Q)•• •3(32)• 36(3)• 91

• •3(9)• 108• 91

• •27• 108• 91

• 118• 108

• 10

3

3

AVC(Q)=TVC(Q)/Q


262

12.5

Note

� � �dx

dp100 1( )P-1-1

� �100 1( )P-2

• • 100(P• 2)

��100

2P

dx

dp

1004

25 x 100

250

e Pdxxdpd � � �

��

��

��

��

2

50

100

4

200

2001

ed • • 1

� � � � � � �f x dx F x C

∫

MC • 60 • 16Q

TCQ

• •128 60 82Q Q

Q

AC • •128 60 82

QQ

128

Q

128

Q

ed • ( P

x) ( dx

dp)

e dQdP( ) P

Q( )

100

P

xP

P� � �100100

1


263

d F xd

f xx

� �� , � � � � � � �f x dx F x C

∫

∫∫

∫xn dx • x

nC

n( )1

1

� � �k dx x c

∫ ∫

4 43 3x dx x dx� ��

��

�

43 1

3 1xc

� �44

4xc

= x c4

( )x x dx x dx xdx dx2 21� � � � � ��

��

��

� �� x x

x c2 1 1 1

2 1 1 1

• •x xx c

3 2

3 2� � �

5 5dx x c� ��

4 41 1

42

2

1 1

2

2

xdxx

c

xc

x c

��

�

� �

� �

��

₹

MC • 100 • 10x • 0.1 x2

TC • 100 10x 0.1 2x d x

• 100x• 10 x x c2 3

20 1

3.

• 100x• 5x x c2

3

30

₹

� � � � �TC x xx100 530

50023

� � � �x

x x3

2

305 100 500


264

CS • [0

0x

p x dx]• x0p0

CS • 0

3

�(35• 2x• x2)dx• (20 3)

• 35 22 3

2 3

0

3

xx x

� ��

��

�

�� • 60

• 35(3) • 2(3

2

2

) • 33

3

• 60

₹

₹

₹

∫

TC • � �y dx C

• ( ) ,23 16 32x x dx C

• � � �� 23 16 32dx xdx x dx• C

• 23x• 16 x x c2

33

2 3

TC • 23x • 8x2 • x3 • C

TC • 23x• 8x2• x3 • 40

•TCx

• 23 • 8x • x2 • 40

x


265

12.6

1

2

3

4 PC, TV, Projector, Smart

Phone

5

6

P Pd s

25• Q2 • •2Q• 1

0 • • 25 • •Q2 • •2Q• 1

0 • •• 24 • •Q2 • •2Q

Q2 • •2Q • 24 • •0

Q2 • •6Q • 4Q • 24 • •0

Q(Q • •6) • 4(Q • •6) • •0

(Q • •6)(Q• 4) • •0

Pd • 25 • 42• 9;

Ps • 2(4) • 1• 9

0

4

�( • •

• 25Q - Q3

3�

��

�

��

0

4

36

• [ (25)(4) • 1

3 (4)3 ] • (0) • 36

• [100 • 643

] • (0) • 36 • 42.67

Ps • (9 4) • 0

4

�( 2Q• 1)dQ

• 36 - (Q +Q)2�� 0

4

• 36 • (16 • 4) • 16


266

•


267


268

2

m=

A • 3 3 3 3 3

xn nx(n-1)

.

• P

x

dx

dp

xn x

nC

n 1

1

f x dx x p

x

o o( )0

0

��

��

�

��

x po o-0

0x

g x dx� � �


269

ICT CORNER

43


270

ICT CORNER

1 2 3 4

∫


271

Δ


272

3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20


273

3 3

3


274


275

Accelerator Advertising elasticity of demandAlternative usesAnnual plan ArtAssumptionAverage costAverage productBarterBehavioural EconomicsBusinessCapability CapitalCardinal Utility AnalysisCash Reserve Ratio (CRR)Characteristics

Child sex Ratio

ClassicalCoefficientColonial capitalism Concealed unemployment, Disguised unemploymentConcentration Constant Returns to ScaleConsumerConsumer’s SurplusConsumptionContraction of demandCriticismCrop insuranceCross elasticity of demandCrude Birth rate

1000 Crude Death Rate Data /Statistics /informationDecentralization Decrease in demandDeductive MethodDefinitionDelicensingDemandDemocracy


276

Demographic dividend Demonstration effectDensity of population DeterminantsDeterminantDevelopment EconomicsDevelopmentDifferential calculusDiminishing Returns to ScaleDiseconomies of ScaleDisinvestmentDismal ScienceDistributionDivision of labourDomain

Dualism

DuopolyDynamicEconomicsEconomies of scaleEconomyElasticity of demandElasticity of SupplyEmpowermenEnterpriseEntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurEnvironmental EconomicsEqual- Marginal utilityEquationEquilibriumEthicalExchangeExpansion of demandExplicit costExport promotion zoneExportExternal DiseconomiesExternal Economies of ScaleFactors of Production FactorsFactsFamine Features Finance Capital Financial Economics Fiscal reforms


277

Fixed cost

Floating cost

Foreign Capital

Frictional unemployment

Gender equality

General equilibrium

Globalization

Goods / Products/ Commodities / things

Goods and services Tax(GST)

Goods sown Area

Government Spending

Green revolution

Gross National Happiness index

Gross state domestic Product

Growth

Health Economics

Human Development index

Human welfare

Hypothesis

Imitation

Imperfect competition

Implicit cost

Import

Income elasticity of demand

Income

Increase in demand

Increasing Returns to Scale

Index

Indicators

Indifference curve

Indifference Map

Indifference schedule

Inductive Method

Industrialization

Industrial Policy resolution

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Innovation

Integral calculus

Interest rate

Internal Economies of Scale

Investment

Invisible hand

Involuntary unemployment

Iso- quants

Labour


278

Land Tenure

Land use pattern

Law of variable proportions

Laws of Returns to Scale

Liberalization

Life Expectancy at Birth

Linear Equation

Liquidity preference

Literacy Ratio

Long – run

Macro – Economics

Mahalwari system

Management

Marginal cost

Marginal product

Marginal Rate of substitution

Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution

Marginal utility

Market

Material wealth

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

Matrix / Matrices

Merchant Capital

Micro, small and medium Enterprises

Micro-Economics

Migration

Modern age

Monetary Reforms

Money Cost

Monopolistic competition

Monopoly

Morbidity Rate

MRTP ACT

Multiplier

National Income

Nationalization

Need

Neo – classical

Net sown Area

NITI Aayog

Nominal income/Money income

Non renewable Energy sources

Normative Science


279

OligopolyOpportunity cost OrganisationParticular / partial equilibrium

Per capita income

Perfect CompetitionPerfect competitionPhysical quantity of life index

Plan Holiday

Point of inflexion / point of inflectionPolitical EconomyPositive SciencePoverty Price determinationPrice discriminationPrice Elasticity of demandPrice linePrime costPrivatization Producer’s EquilibriumProducer’s SurplusProduction Possibility curveProduction Possibility FrontierProduction Possibility ScheduleProductionPublic EconomicsPublic FinancePublic sector enterprises Quasi – rentQuotationRationalReal CostReal incomeRectangular HyperbolaRedeemable Energy Regional development Rent

Repo rate Repurchase Rate

Reserve Requirements

ResourcesRevenue

Reverse Repo Rate (RRR)

Risk bearingRisk


280

Rolling Plan

Ryotwari system

Savings

Scale

Scarcity

Scope

Secularism

Self – Help Groups

Services

Sex ratio

Shift in demand curve

Short –run

Skewed distribution

Slope

Social Cost

Social Infrastructure

Social justice

Special Economic Zone

Static equilibrium

Statutory Liquidity Ratio(SLR)

Structural unemployment

Sunk cost

Super Multiplier

Supply

Tangible

Tax

Theories

Total cost

Total product

Trade /international trade

Uncertainty

Urbanisation

Utility

Util

Values

Value

Variable cost

Variable

Voluntary unemployment

Wants

Y intercept

Zamindari system


281

In-House


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Transcript of ZIà [M ¯EMTÝ 3Ù©€¦ · ä²Ý ¿ä²Ô>DÔ>TG 3KTÞÖz ²PGÕ>ã Iä²Ý ²PGÕ> à ZEzJ 2N...