Zero Energy Part 3 - Innovative energy initiatives · Neighbor opinions ... (Phoenix) RENEWABLES...

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3

© Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC 2016 1

Zero Energy Part 3Systems: Renewables + HVAC + DHW

What do I know?!

I’m not a mechanical engineer!!

Session Topics

ZNE Part 1 takeawaysDesign integrationChoosing systemsConstruction follow‐throughClimate‐specific examples

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3


ZNE Part 1 Takeaways: PROCESS

1. Set early, specific performance goals

2. Focus on efficiency3. Adopt an integrated

process

4. Learn from CASE studies (“Copy And Steal Everything”)5. Revisit goals & check progress often

ZNE Part 1 Takeaways: PEOPLECommitmentCreativityExperienceEngagement

(Code for “plays well with

others”)

Design integration happens only if the project team is well integrated –

works together (in tandem, not in series).

© Pressmaster | Dreamstime.com © Alexei Averianov| Dreamstime.com

THIS

THAT

DESIGN INTEGRATION

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3


© Eraxion | Dreamstime.com

Good enclosure reduces HVAC

loads

Smaller HVAC = more budget for

enclosure Lower cooling loads reduces HVAC size

Less lighting energy reduces cooling loads

Good daylighting

reduces lighting loads

INTEGRATION recognizes that each aspect of building design and each discipline influences

the others.

Lower enclosure

loads

Lower HVAC loads Lower

lighting loads

INTEGRATION results in savings across multiple systems.

Smaller renewable energy system

[ORDINARY]Design+

ZE Construction≠

ZE Buildings

ZE Design+

[ORDINARY]Construction

≠ZE Buildings

Zero Energy is a Recessive Geneso …

QUALITY IS CRITICAL

Design + Construction must be integrated.

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3


What’s the Ideal Integrated Team?The fewest people with the required skills & attributes

(commitment, creativity, experience, engagement)

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

AIR SEALING

INSULATIONPLUMBING

MECHANICAL ELECTRICALSTRUCTURAL

ARCHITECTURE

The (myth of the)Design‐ConstructionDIVIDE

TIME

ACT

IVITY

CONSTRUCTIONDESIGN

How we typically think about building

creation

The (reality of the)Design‐Construction CONTINUUM

DESIGNTIME

ACT

IVITY

What’s really happening

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3


How Integrated Design + Constructionproduces better buildings

Illustrations courtesy of Will Lichtig.

Integrated design & deliveryBusiness as usual

PLUS: reduced change orders, cost overruns, construction time, liability; and increased productivity, harmony, happiness, achievement of goals!

Each one affects the others.

CHOOSING SYSTEMS

Choosing RenewablesMost ZE homes in North America will have photovoltaics

Many ZE homes will have solar thermal systems

Few ZE homes will have other types of renewables

Consider/ eliminate in reverse

order

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3


PVs to offset 20,000 kWh/yr for:

Grid load (KWh/yr)

Annual onsite PV production

(KWh/yr)

PV area needed for ZNE (sq. ft.)

Source energy50% electric + 50% gas 46,000 13,529 700

Site energy OR Source energy100% electric

68,000 20,000 1,050

How much roof area will you need?

(Besides Loads) Fuel Mix & ZNE Definition Drive

Renewable System Size

Renewable Energy Context FactorsClimate & Microclimate

Insolation (solar radiation)Wind amount & typeIs there sun/wind where you need it?

CommunityRegulations pro/conNeighbor opinions

SpaceOn roof or off? Form: orientation, tilt, shapeCompeting uses: PV, solar thermal, plantsWind turbine sound & vibration

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Marine (San Francisco) Hot/Mixed Dry(Phoenix)

RENEWABLES

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Maximize cost‐effectivenessBalance efficiency vs. renewables

Percent Energy Savings:Efficiency vs. Renewable Energy

Energy Free Figure 2‐5, page 26, based on data from Navigant

Marine (San Francisco)

Cold(Chicago)

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3


System EconomicsThe optimum systems package (renewable+ HVAC+DHW) considers:

Energy performance as a function of investmentEfficiency (reduction) vs. renewables (production)

Competing efficiency measures

Competing renewables

Opportunities to eliminate systems, simplify & save on maintenance

Availability of qualified labor

RUN THE NUMBERS –COSTS VARY BY TIME & PLACE

Choosing HVAC SystemsCan you eliminate air conditioning?

Load reduction strategies:1. Enclosure

insulation

reflective surfaces

thermal mass

2. Passive ventilation

3. Fans

4. Indirect evaporative cooling when appropriate

THERMAL BATTERY EFFECT

STACK EFFECT

Choosing HVAC SystemsForced air, or radiant, or both?

Decision factors:If you will have AC, forced air:

will be the most economicalmeans 1 system for space conditioning, not 2

Will the home be occupied 24/7, or only nights, mornings, and weekends?

Occupant‐specific vs. occupant‐neutral design?Does the outdoor temperature swing hot‐to‐cold (or vice versa) quickly? How much?Are you renovating, or building a new structure?Does anyone in the home have respiratory challenges?

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3


Heating Performance StrategiesKey variables:1. Proper sizing – not too small … but not too BIG!

2. Efficient distribution

3. Quality installation

4. Efficient equipment©Anke Van Wyk | Dreamstime.com

You’ll need a very energy‐savvy MECHANICAL ENGINEER and/or MECHANICAL CONTRACTOR!

often the only factor considered

Domestic Hot Water

EVACUATED‐TUBE

COLLECTORS

DHW performance factors:Efficient equipment

Distribution1st choice: compact layout

2nd choice: on‐demand recirculation

Drain‐water heat recovery

Solar pre‐heat –choose based on:

Payback

Maintenance

Performance relative to more PV

FLAT‐PLATE COLLECTORS

Solar Water Heating Considerations

Domestic hot water year‐roundSpace heating? fall / winter / springAll‐electric projects may use heat pump for HVAC + DHW; does a second system make sense? Swimming pool or spa? summer or year‐round?

DIFFERENT NEEDS for space heating vs. DHW

vs. pool

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3


Focus on QUALITY

CONSTRUCTION FOLLOW‐THROUGH

ZE performance requires integration of Design + Construction

Air conditioner sizing

Good thermal enclosure

HVAC installed properly

A/C capacity (tons)

Standard n/a n/a 4

Efficient/ZNE Loads / 2 Performance x 2 1*

OR LESS due to smaller ducts that fit inside thermal & pressure boundaries

This can only happen with effective collaboration between design team and contractors

and QUALITY MANAGEMENT.

75% SMALLER!

Quality Managementis essential to meeting design goals

16” uninsulated bypass duct with no weight on barometric

damper

No plenum attachment

No TXV bulb attachment

Outdoor air duct damper with no wires attached

THESE ARE NOT

DESIGNPROBLEMS

!Photos courtesy of Rick Chitwood

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3


© Scott Griessel | Dreamstime.com

ZE Success Principles1. If your PROCESS IS SOUND (well integrated

throughout design & construction), good outcomes will follow.

2. A sound process, carried out by the RIGHT PEOPLE*, all but guarantees a good project. (*committed, creative,experienced, engaged)

3. The party left out is the one who will cause trouble.

© Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC 2011

AnnEdminster.comZERO ENERGY CONSULTING

clear GOAL+ right PEOPLE

+ right PROCESS

0

Now over to George Sullivan …

CLIMATE‐SPECIFIC EXAMPLES

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3


Systems, Players and Projects

Net Zero Analysis & Design Corp.George D. Sullivan

Sr. Principal©All Rights Reserved

System Influencers that Impact Energy Use• Building Envelope Design

• Orientation

• Shading

• Airtightness

Identify Project Energy Target

• Energy Star version 3 revision 8*

• Zero Energy Ready Home**

• Passivhaus**

*Requires larger site renewable energy system**Can be net zero or net positive

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3


Equipment Fuel Choice

• Impacts Building Energy Use

• Natural Gas requires combustion and exhaust penetrations through the building envelope

• Thermal bridges increase energy consumption

• Electrical equipment has no combustion and exhaust penetrations through the building envelope

Identify Site Renewable Energy Options• Geothermal

• Primary Heating and Air Conditioning and DHW

• Ventilation intake air energy use can be offset with a geothermal balanced system

• Photovoltaics • Roof, Building or Ground Mount

• System can be sized to run a heat pump DHW System

Coordinated Construction Plan Set • Requirements

• All Important Notes ‐ Air Sealing Details, Penetration Details

• Construction Detail Reference – Thermal Breaks, Drainage Plane

• Calculations and Models – Required information for trades

• Equipment Details ‐ Cut sheets on all equipment

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3


System Models

• Modeling HVAC

• Manual J room loads • block loads

• Rule of Thumb

• Manual S equipment sizing

• Manual D duct design

• Modeling Plumbing Pipe Loads

• Cold Water and Live Water Sprinkler Loads

• DHW Generation and Distribution Loads

• DWV Pipe Loads

Selecting Subcontractors

• Selecting MEP Subcontractors

• Project Specific by Trade

• General Requirements – Energy Star Project Experience

• Certification Requirements

• ACCA – Mechanical Contractor• Solar Installer Certification – Electrical Contractor• Water Sense – Plumbing Contractor

Learning Curve

• Mechanical and Ventilation Systems

• Energy Star Version 3 –

• VRF Zoned or GFA System• Balanced Ventilation and Kitchen Hood Supply Air• DHW Systems, Instantaneous, HP DHW, or Energy Efficient Hot Water Tank

• Setback Thermostat• Learning Energy & Control System

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3


Learning Curve


• Zero Energy Ready Home –

• VRF Zoned System• Geothermal Balanced Ventilation and Kitchen Hood Supply Air• DHW Systems, Instantaneous, HP DHW, or VRF Driven System• VRF Thermostat (set it and forget it)• Learning Energy & Control System

Learning Curve


• Passivhaus –

• VRF Zoned System• Geothermal Balanced Ventilation and Kitchen Hood Supply & Extract Air

• DHW System ‐ VRF Driven System Energy Recycling from the Building to DHW

• VRF Thermostat (set it and forget it)• Learning Energy & Control System

3 Flat Acres – Zero Energy Ready Home

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3




• ERV Earth Tube Supply & Exhaust

• (Geothermal System)

• Solar Thermal

• Zero Energy Ready Home Building Shell

Full Revolution Farm – Hospitality Passivhaus

Therm Modeling ‐ All details

All Window and Door Install Detail

Over Insulationof

Window and Door Frames reduces the U Value Cutting Energy Loads

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3



• Passivhaus Building Envelope

• Building Orientation Southeast

• Summer Shading

• 65% Window and Glass Door

• Southeast Side of Building

• Building Designed –• Optimized Solar Thermal Collector

• No Heating Degree Days


• 3 ERV ‐ Earth Tube Balanced Ventilation Systems

• Including 2 Kitchen Hoods

• 9 Zone VRF Geothermal System

• Harvests all Internal Loads to Heat the Domestic Hot Water

Carl House – Zero Energy Ready Home• Commercial Construction

• Completely Steel Framed

• Advanced Thermal Bridge Free Wall, Roof, and Floor System

• Advanced Thermal Bridge Free Window and Door Install

• FORTIFIED for Safer Living® Silver

• Renewable Energy Systems

• Southeast Orientation • House acts as a Solar Thermal Collector

• ERV Earth Tube Balanced Ventilation

• Photovoltaic System• Offset all building Loads

B4‐2016 ZNE Part3


Carl House – Zero Energy Ready Home

• Designed 0.3 ACH50

• VRF Geothermal System

• Photovoltaic System oversized to power HP DHW System

• Zero Energy Ready Home – Certified off of Plans

Carl House – Zero Energy Ready Home

• Learning Energy Control System

• Advanced Control and Decision Making

• Learning Based on Occupancy Habits

• Lighting

• Environmental Controls

• DHW System

• PV System Power ‐ Time of Day Shedding to the Grid

Thank YouGeorge Sullivan

&Net Zero Analysis & Design Corp. Team

Zero Energy Part 3 - Innovative energy initiatives · Neighbor opinions ... (Phoenix) RENEWABLES...

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Transcript of Zero Energy Part 3 - Innovative energy initiatives · Neighbor opinions ... (Phoenix) RENEWABLES...