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Professor Yousef S. H. Najjar

(Brief C.V. pp1-7)September 2010

University Address

Mechanical Engineering Department

Jordan University of Science and

Technology(JUST)P.O.Box 3030

Irbid 22110

Jordan

ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE

1. My specialization is "Mechanical Engineering" especially: Advanced Energy Systems &

Rotating Machinery with special emphasis on Gas Turbine Technology, especially

'Combustion" ,with Distinct records of teaching and distinguished achievements in research.

2. I made a course on Autotronics (Modern Automotive Technology), taught only in Jordan

University of Science & Technology (JUST).

3. My planned research is forwarded towards a hot & promising area in the advanced power

generation & automotive industries: Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Hybrid Technology. This will be

a unique research area in the region.

4. I have more than six years of industrial experience in Power industry with Jordan Electricity

Authority & General Electric-U.K.

5. I have been doing some consultation & training work in UAE & other countries in the areas of

Advanced Energy Systems & Rotating Machinery, with Oil & Gas industry

6. I have been carrying out applied research projects through interconnection with local industries -

UK, SA & Jordan.

7. Throughout my academic career, during the last twenty seven years, I have taught: 14

undergraduate & 7 graduate courses, most of them are related to Energy Systems, Gas

Turbines & Rotating Machinery. I have supervised multitude of B.Sc. projects & several M. Sc.

Theses in these areas.

8. I have published 135 papers in international refereed journals & conferences. I was granted one

patent by the British Patent Office in 1988; & the "1995 and 2007-Awards for Excellence for

an Ousting Paper. I have presented more than 24 lectures in International Conferences.

Contact InformationTel.(Office) +962-2-7201000 Ext22569Telefax (Resid) +962-2-7100836Mobile: +962 -785793463Email: y_najjar@hotmail.com

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2. Professor A.A. Badran, Vice Dean-College of Engineering Jordan University-Amman Jordan, Email: badran@ju.edu.jo

3. Professor T. Aldoss , Jordan University of Science and Technology-Irbid-Jordan, Email: taldoss@yahoo.com

4. Professor M. Othman , Ex-Dean of College of engineering-Jordan University

of Science and Technology- Irbid-Jordan, Email: mothman@just.edu.jo5. Professor A. Hassan,Jordan University of Science and Technology-Irbid-

Jordan, Email : adel@just.edu.jo

Brief bio-data

NAJJAR, YOUSEF S.H., Founding Director of the Energy Center, Fellow ASME (USA), Fellow the

Institute of Energy (UK), P.E., C. Eng. Professor of Mechanical Engineering. B.Sc., Mech. Eng.

(Power), Cairo University (1969); M.Sc. & Ph.D., Mech. Eng. (Thermal Power), Cranfield Institute of

Technology (U.K) 1976 & 1979 respectively. Industrial Experience: Chief Power Engineer-Irbid District

Electricity Company, Jordan (1969-75); Specialized industrial training with General Electric (GEC) &

related power industries (U.K) (1973-74). Academic Experience: Yarmouk University (1980-86): The

founding chairman of the Mech. Eng. Dept., 1980-1982; Member University Council (1985-86). King

Abdulaziz University-Jeddah (1986-2001): participated effectively in two funded research projects &

ABET accreditation. Published 135 papers in international refereed journals & conferences; granted a

patent by British Patent Office (1988); Two Patent Publications; Lectured in 24 international

conferences; Member of the "Editorial Advisory Board" for the International Journals of: "Energy &

Environment", & "Applied Thermal Engineering". Awards: The 1995 and 2007 Awards for excellence

for an ousting paper in "J. Aircraft Eng. & Aerospace Technology"; Fellowship of ASME-USA (1999);

Fellowship of Institute of Energy-UK (1990); Membership of ASME Industrial and Cogeneration

Committee and Session organizer; Professional Engineer; Chartered Engineer. Specialization:

Energy-Thermal Power including Gas Turbines: Fuels, Combustion, Turbomachines & Advanced

Energy Systems; Internal Combustion Engines & Autotronics. Initiated a course on "Autotronics".

Authored Three: books & manuals. Latest research "Autotronics" & "Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Hybrid

Power". Developed a smart device which saves 11% of the vehicle's fuel consumption. Founded

Pioneering Labs for: "Automotive Diagnosis", "Energy Audit" & "Autotronics".

E-mail: y_najjar@hotmail.com

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Professor Yousef S. H. Najjar, Ph.D., P.E., C. Eng.

FellowASME, Fellow the Institute of Energy (U.K.),

Founding Chairman of Mechanical Engineering

Founding Director of the Energy Center (JUST)

Major Achievements in Brief

I have unique areas of specialization in energy: "Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Hybrid Power" Technology;

& "Autotronics" (Modern Automotive Technology). I have also an international reputation through

Scientific Journal Publications, Conference Presentations; & industrial experience. All of which

justified being selected by:

The ASME Board of Governors for the Fellow Grade to recognize my ousting engineering

achievements.

The Board of the Institute of Energy (in accordance with its Royal Charter) for the Fellow Grade

The Boards of the International Journals of "Applied Thermal Engineering" , "Energy &

Environment" and Yarmouk University Journal-Sciences on their Editorial Boards

1. Specialization: Energy, Gas Turbines, Fuels, Combustion, Turbomachines & Advanced EnergySystems

2. Teachinga. 14 undergraduate courses.

b. 7 postgraduate courses.

c. Worldwide reputation in the field of " Gas Turbine Technology & Turbomachines".

3. Course Initiation "Autotronics" (Modern Automotive Technology)

4. Research

a. 135 Publications in International Journals & Conferences.b. Research Interests: Gas Turbines, Turbomachines, Exergy Conservation, Combustion,

ICE & Autotronics, Fuel Cells, and Nano Technology in Energy Applications.

c. Establishing a New Area of Research: "Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Hybrid Power".

5. Recent Innovationsa. "Design & Testing of a Smart Device to Vary the Exhaust Pressure & Improve

Automotive Engine Performance".

b. Design & Testing ofSmart Controllerfor Ignition & Fuel Injection Systems.

6. Conferences & Presentations24 Lectures Delivered in International Conferences & Seminars.

7. Community Servicesa. Technical & Economic Analysis of New Power Stations Jordan (1973 1974).

b. Technical Study of the Water Pumping Station in North of Jordan (1979 1980).

c. Preparation & Formulation of the (Code of Ventilation, Illumination & Hygiene

Regulations in Buildings " in Jordan (1983).

d. Part Time Consultant for the Dean of "Community Services & Continuing Education",

1999.

8. Professional Courses & Consultationa. 30 Courses Offered for Industry.

b. Training Consultations with Petrochemical & Oil Industries.

9. Industrial Experience (1969-1975)a. Working with Jordan Electricity Authority, JEA.

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b. General Electric Co. (GEC UK) & its associated power industry.

10. Professional Achievementsa. Fellow of the Institute of Energy (UK) (since 1990).

b. Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) (since 1999).

c. Chartered Engineer, "C. Eng, from Council of Engineering Institutions (UK).

d. Professional Engineer, "P. E", (ASME).

11. Academic Honorsa. Member of the Board of Editors: International Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering.

b. Member of the Board of Editors: International Journal of Energy & Environment.

12. Granted Engineering Projectsa. National Planning Council (Jordan): Investigation on the Jordanian shale oil & its

potential use in engines.

b. King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST) (Saudi Arabia): Utilization of

Hydrogen.

c. KACST: Enhancement of Gas Turbine Performance by Waste Heat Recovery Using Heat

Pipes.d. TEMPUS (European) Project: Establishing an Energy Center & developing an M.Sc.

Program in Energy Technology.

e. KADDB (King Abdullah Design & Development Bureau): Saving Fuel in Transportation by

Using modified Injection & Ignition System.

13. Patents & Patent Publication (3)

14. Books & Manuals (3)

15. Supervis ion of M. Sc. Theses (5)

16. Professional Visits

a. "The High Insti tute of Aeronautics", Moscow, August 2002: Invitation to present aSeminar on "Using Ramjet Engines in Industrial Applications"

b. Scientific & Engineering Visit to the Royal Swedish Institute (KTH) for two weeks (

September 2004)

c. DFG Grant to carry out research on "Fuel Cells" in the German Aerospace Center

DLR)-Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, Stuttgart, Germany (14 August 06 -14

September 06).

d. European Real SOFC Project, September 2006,Lemnos-Greece.

e. "Fuel Cell Development, EBZ GmbH", September 2006, Dresden Germany.

17. Founder of :a. The Mechanical Engineering Department (Chairman): undergraduate & postgraduate

programs & theirrelevant labs in Yarmouk University Jordan (1980-1982)

b. The Energy Center (Director) Jordan University of Science & Technology JUST

(June 2004 now)

c. Pioneering Labs

i. The Energy Center1. Automotive Diagnosis Lab2. Energy Audit Lab

ii. The Mechanical Engineering Department1. Autotronics Lab (for Modern Automotive Technology)

d. The Master Program in "Energy Technology" in the Energy Center at JUST.

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Practical Realization of Engineering Concepts1. Training with GEC-UK :

Manufacturing of subcomponents

Erection of subassembliesEngine testing (Ruston Engines and Gas turbines) (1984)

2. Converting engineering concepts into working apparatus:

a- Compressibility of gases (Thermo dynamics II)

Design of experimental facility and developing a graphical-analytical

procedure for determining the compressibility of gases.

(1990)

b- Innovative smart device for the reduction of fuel consumption invehicles (Autotronics-Modern Automotive Technology)

Design, manufacturing, development and testing of a smart device to

save fuel consumption in automotive applications.

(Tests on vehicles and stationary engines) (2007)

3. Applied Research

a) Combustion rig (with a moving primary zone in a gas turbine combustor).Design, manufacturing, development and testing of an experimental

rig to measure : flame radiation, combustor liner temperature, sootformation and oxidation, and temperature traverse quality. (1979)

b) Heat-Pipe Assisted Heat recovery and Utilization System.Design, manufacturing, development and testing of an experimental

facility for utilizing the exhaust gas energy of a gas turbine engine,

in connection with an absorption cooling system to reduce the inlet

air temperature of the gas turbine engine for power boosting and

saving of fuel consumption. (1995)

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Professor Yousef S.H. Najjar

CURRICULUM VITAE (2009)

Ph.D., P.E., C.Eng.,Fellow ASME, Fellow Energy Institute (U.K.)

Founding Chairman of Mechanical Engineering ,1981

Founding Director of the Energy Center (JUST), 2004

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Yousef S.H. Najjar

Marital Status Married

Nationality Jordanian

Major Field Mechanical Engineering (Thermal)

Rank Professor

AddressMechanical Engineering Department

Jordan University of Science &

Technology(JUST), Irbid 22110,P.O.Box 3030,

Tel. +962-2- 7201000 ext 22569 JORDAN

E-mail:y_najjar@hotmail.com

EDUCATIONPh.D. Mechanical Engineering - Thermal Power, Cranfield Institute of Technology, England, 1979.

M.Sc. Mechanical Engineering - Thermal Power, Cranfield Institute of Technology, England, 1976.

B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering - Power, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, 1969.

Language of Instruct ion: English, for the three degrees

TITLES OF THESES:Ph.D. Thesis: "Soot Formation & Oxidation with Heavy Fuel in Gas Turbines".

M.Sc. Thesis : "Radiation & Smoke from Burning Residual Fuel Oil in Gas TurbineCombustors".

SPECIALIZATION: ENERGY with special interest in Thermal Power Engineering including:

Gas Turbines: Fuels, Combustion, Turbomachines, & Advanced Energy Systems.

Internal Combustion Engines: along with their automotive relevance.

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning.

TEACHING:Undergraduate

1. Statics (GE-200): Summer 1980.

2. Fluid Mechanics (E-290) : Fall 86/87

3. Thermodynamics I (ME-241 & ThE-261): Fall(2), Spring & Summer 80/81 + Summer 82/83 +

Fall 83/84 + Fall 84/85 + Fall & Spring 86/87 + Fall 87/88 + Spring 88/89 + Fall (2) & Spring89/90 + Fall & Spring 90/91 + Fall & Spring 91/92 + Spring 95 /96 + Fall 96/97 + Spring

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98/99+Summer 2003 +Fall and Spring 2007/ 08+ Spring 2008/09+ Spring and summer

2009/010

4. Thermodynamics II (ME-341 & ThE 361): Fall 82/83 + Spring 83/84 + Summer 83/84 +

Spring 84/85 + Summer 84/85 + Spring 85/86 + Spring 86/87 + Fall & Spring 87/88 + Fall

88/89 + Fall 92/93 + Fall 96/97 + Fall 98/99+ Fall 1999/2000 + Fall & Spring 2000/01+ Fall&

Spring 2001/02 +Fall &Spring 2002/03+Fall &Spring2003/04+Fall & Spring2006/07 +Spring

2007/08+ Fall 2008/09+ Summer 2009+Fall 2010/011.

5. Internal Combustion Engines I(ME-442 & ThE 362): Fall 82/83 + Fall (2) & Spring (2) 92/93

+ Fall(2) & Spring(2) 93/94 + Fall(2) & Spring (2) 94/95 +Fall (2) 95/96 + Fall 97/98 +Fall 98/99

+ Fall 2007/ 08.

6. Gas Turbine Engines& Turbomachines (ME-443 & ThE-491):Fall 83/84+ Fall 84/85 + Fall

85/86 + Spring 87/88 + Fall & Spring 88/89 + Spring 89/90 + Fall & Spring 90/91+ Fall &

Spring 91/92 + Spring 92/93 + Spring 93/94+Spring 94/95 +Spring 95/96+Spring 96/97

+Spring 97/98 +Spring 98/99+Spring 99/2000+Spring 2000/01+Spring2003/04 + Spring

2004/05+Spring 2005/06+ Spring 2006/07 + Fall 2008/09.

7. Propuls ion (ME 552): Fall83/84 + Fall84/85 + Fall85/86 +Fall 2003-2007+ Fall 2008/ 09+Fall

2009/010

8. Internal Combustion Engines II(Fuels & Combustion)(ME-445 & ThE 462): Spring 82/83

+ Fall 93/94 + Fall 94/95 + Fall 95/96+Spring 96/97 +Fall 97/98 + Spring 2002/03.

9. Thermo-fluid Lab:(ME-291), (ME443):Summer 84/85+Fall86/87+Fall 2001/02+Fall & Spring2002/03 + Fall (2) 2006/07 + Summer 2009+ Fall (2)2009/010+Spring and Summer2009/010+Fall (2) 2010/011.

10. Internal Combustion Engines & Gas Turbine Labs (ME448): Fall & Spring83/84.(associated with relevant courses since 1987).

11. Technical Report Writing.(ME591): Fall & Springs 2003,2004,2005,2006, 2007,2008,2009,2010

12. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning(ThE 364): Fall 99/2000 + Spring 99/2000.

13. Autotronics (Modern Automotive Technology): Spring 97/98 Fall 2002/03 + Fall 2003/04+

Fall2004/05+Fall 2005/06+ Spring 2008/09+ Spring 2009/010.

14. Measurements and Dynamics Lab (ME 413) : Spring 2006/07

15. Senior Projects : Supervision of more than 150 B.Sc Projects

Postgraduate:

1. Combustion Processes (ME-503): Spring & Summer 82/83 + Spring 83/84 + Fall 85/86 +

Spring 95/96.

2. Advanced Thermodynamics (ME-505) , (ME570), (ME744): Fall 81/82 + Spring 82/83 +Fall

2001/02.

3. Advanced Gas Turbine(ME-506), (ME749): Summer 81/82 + Spring 84/85+ Spring 85/86+

Spring 2001/2002

4. Advanced Lab. (ME 562) : Spring 92/935. Advanced Topics in Mechanical Engineering (ME560):Fall 95/96.

6. Advanced Autotronics: Fall 2003/04 (Al-Balqa University)

7. Graduate Seminar(ME 790) :Fall 2004/05

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EMPLOYMENT & INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE

1. Employer: Irbid District Electricity Company, Jordan.

Period: 20 August 1969-26 Sept. 1975.

Position: Power Station Engineer, promoted in the last three years to chief engineer of all the

stations of the company.

2. Employer: Irbid District Electricity Company, Jordan.

Industrial Experience with: Ruston, Paxman, Dorman, English Electric Diesels, Napier

Turbochargers, Ruston Gas Turbines, General Electric Co.(GEC) Turbine Generators, Glacier

Metal Bearings, Regulateurs Europa (Governors), Bryce Berger (Fuel injection systems),

Houseman & Thompson (water treatment), GEC industrial boilers, Woods of Colchester

(ventilation & air conditioning), Coventry Radiators & Presswork, Deloro Stellite (hardfacing),

Negretti & Zambra (instruments), GEC Switchgear & Transformers, & Ruston Research

Centre.

Period: November 1973 - 29 August 1974.

Position: Chief Engineer.

3. Employer: Cranfield Institute of Technology, EnglandPeriod: 15 September 1976 - 30 September 1979.

Position: Researcher in Gas Turbine Technology and Turbomachines, especially Combustion

of Heavy Fuels in Gas Turbines.

4. Employer: Mechanical Engineering Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Period: 15 February 1980 - September 1986.

Position: Assistant & then Associate Professor. Founding Chairman of the Department

5. Employer: Mechanical Engineering Department Thermal,King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah,

Saudi Arabia

Period: September 1986 September 2001

Position: Associate Professor then Professor ( from 23rd

December 1991)

6. Employer: Mechanical Engineering Department Jordan University of Science & Technology

Period: 16 September 2001- present

Position: Professor.

7. Employer: Jordan University of Science & Technology

Period: 1st

June 2004- 1st

September 2006.

Position: Founding Director of the Energy Center (Reporting directly to the President

of the University .

RESEARCH INTERESTS1. Gas turbine engines: fuels, combustion, Turbomachines, heat transfer & energy systems.

2. Energy utilization & energy conservation.

3. Heat pumps for heating & air conditioning.

4. Fuel Cells and Hydrogen.

5. Internal combustion engines: modeling & performance.

6. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

7. Autotronics.

8. Renewable energy

9. Nano Technology in Energy Applications

GRADUATE STUDIES1. Supervising three M. Sc. Theses.

2. Examining four M. Sc. theses.

3. Member on the examining committee for the departmental graduate comprehensive exam:

Fall 82/83, Spring 83/84, Fall 84/85, Spring 84/85, Fall 85/86, Spring 85/86.

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22. Member of ASME Industrial and Cogeneration Committee, and Session Organizer.

COMMITTEESNational

1. Representative of the University on the Jordanian Committee for Specifications & Standards,

1981-1983.

2. Member of the technical committee for the Jordanian Code of Ventilation & Lighting, 1982-1983.

3. Member of the "Energy Committee" of Jordan, 2006.

THE UNIVERSITY

1. Member of committees for recruitment of engineers & technicians.

2. Chairman of the Committee of Equipment & Machinery (for transferring machinery from

Jordan Valley Authority to Yarmouk University).

3. Member of the Committee on Certificates Evaluation.

4. Coordinator of the Residents Committee 1984/85, 1985/86.

5. Member of the Accommodation Committee 1984/86.

6. Member of the Legal Committee/University Council 1985/86.

7. Member of the University Council, representative of Faculty of Engineering 1985/86.

8. Member of the Board of Directors of the Centre for Educational Research & Development

1985/86.

9. Chairman of the "Energy Efficiency Committee" in the University, 2006.

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

1. Acting Head, Mechanical Engineering Department.

2. Member of the Faculty Council.

3. Member of the Scientific Research Committee.

4. Member of Postgraduate Committee.

5. Member of the Committee on Labs & Workshops.6. Chairman of the Enquiry Committee, 1983/84 + 1984/85.

7. Member of the Curriculum Committee 1984/85 + 1987/88.

8. Member of the Faculty Council (selected expertise), 1987/88 + 1988/89.

9. Academic Advising Committee 92/93.

10. Member of the committee for revising Physics courses` content

11. Member of theAccreditat ion Commit tee 2004,2005

12. Member of the Library Committee 2004,2005

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT1. Chairman of Department Council & Committees (Credit_ hour teaching system),

Oct.1980 - Sept.1982.

2. Chairman of committees for preparing specifications, technical evaluation, planning & erectionof the following labs:

a. Thermodynamics.b. Mechanical Engineering Labs I & II.c. Internal Combustion Engines.d. Heat Transfer.e. Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines.f. Strength of Materials.g. Instrumentation Lab.h. Mechanical Laboratories extensions

3. Evaluation of bids for:

a. Drawing & Surveying Labsb. Dynamics Labc. Aerodynamics Lab

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4. Chairman of Curriculum Committee, 1982/83.

5. Member of Postgraduate Committee, 1982/83 + 1984/85,1997,2006,2007,2008,2010.

6. Member of Faculty Recruitment Committee, 1983/84, 1985/86.

7. Member of Curriculum Committee, 1984/85, 1993-1995.

8. Member of Departmental Council, 1980 -present

9. Technical Training Coordinator, 1989 to 2001.10. Coordinator of: Thermodynamics I, 1989/90.

11. Supervision of Fuels & Internal Combustion Engines Lab, 1994-1995.

12. Member of Scientific Research Committee ,1987-1988,2008.

13. Member & Chairman of Education Development Committee, 1987-1990

14. Member of Students Academic Affairs & Supervision, 1990-1993, 1995-Present.

15. Member of Labs Committee,1993,1994,2007.

16. Member of the Committee for Evaluation of Postgraduate Curriculum, 1996

17. Member of the Committee for Development & Follow-Up, 1995 -1996.

18. Member of the Committee for the Development of the Curriculum for Marine Engineering,

1996.

19. Member of the committee for Scientific Research 229,2010.20. Chairman of the Senior B.Sc. Project Committee: 2003, 2004, 2005,2006,2007,2008.

21. Chairman of the Library Committee: 2002, 2004, 2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010.

22. Chairman Faculty Promotion Committees , especially in the Thermal Power, for the ranks of

Associate and Full Professors : 2002- 2007.

23. Member and Chairman of the Accreditat ion Committee (ABET):1998_2001,2004,

2005,2006,2007,2008,2009.

COMMUNITY SERVICES & CONSULTATIONS

1. Carrying out technical & economic analysis of major bids from four international manufacturers

for the new Irbid power station (Jordan).It is noteworthy that the recommendations coincidedwith those of an international consultant firm who used detailed computer runs (1973).

2. Detailed technical study of the water pumping stations & their main network in north Jordan for

the Water Supply Authority, January 1980.

3. Participation within a team in the preparation & formulation of the "Code of Ventilation,

Illumination & Hygiene Regulations in Buildings" forwarded to the Jordanian High Commission

on Buildings Regulations, April 1983.

4. Part-time consultant for the dean of Community Services & Continuing Education in 1999.

5. Carried out internal-evaluation study for the college of engineering programs in light of the

ABET Criteria, in preparation for accreditation.

PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES1. Fellow, ASME, (PE: Professional Engineer) (U.S.A).

2. Fellow, the Institute of Energy (U.K.).

3. C. Eng. (Chartered Engineer): Council of Engineering Institutions (U.K.)

4. Member, Society of Jordanian Engineers.

5. Who's who in the world, 1994?

6. Member, International Advisory Committee for the International Energy Foundation (IEF).

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SPECIAL COURSES ATTENDED1. "Welding Technology", Stubs Welding Ltd., one week, March 25, 1974, England.

2. Gas Turbine Technology", April 22 - May 10, 1974, Rustons, England.

3. "Napier Turbochargers", April 29 - May 10, 1974, England.

4. "Machine Shop Engineering Practice", St. Helens College of Technology, 12 weeks, January -

April, 1974.5. "Foundry Practice", St. Helens College of Technology, 12 weeks, January - April, 1974.

6. Symposium on Lubricants by Shell Company, in Jopetrol, Jordan, Sept. 20-22, 1981.

7. Editing of Scientific Journals, KAAU, 23-24 December 1996.

8. Computer Courses ,1997.

9. Applied Linguistics for Faculty Members, 1998.

10. Overall Quality of Higher Education, 1999.

11. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ,Course organized by the European Union, Greece-Lemnos,3-8 Sep

06.

SEMINARS

1. "Radiation & Smoke from Gas Turbines", Mechanical Engineering Department Seminar, July28, 1981.

2. "Combustor Liner Temperature in the Gas Turbine", ME Seminar, April 13, 1982.

3. "Temperature Distribution at Gas Turbine Combustor Exit", ME Seminar April 16, 1983.

4. "The Potential of Using the Jordanian Shale Oil in Gas Turbines", The First Jordanian

Engineering Conference, Amman, Jordan, September 25 - 28, 1983.

5. "Engineering Prediction of Soot Concentration in the Primary Zone of the Gas Turbine

Combustor", ME Seminar, October 12, 1983.

6. "A Developed Model for the Prediction of Soot Formation & Oxidation in the Gas Turbine",

Invited Lecture in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Missouri, Rolla,

U.S.A. October 20, 1985.7. "Engineering Prediction of Soot Concentration in the Primary Zone of Gas Turbine

Combustor", Thermal Eng. Dept. Seminar, KAAU, Jeddah, S.A., 21.3.1407H. (20.9.1987).

8. "A Developed Model for Soot Formation & Oxidation in Gas Turbines", Thermal Engineering

Dept. Seminar, KAAU, Jeddah, S.A., 22.4.1408H (20.10.1988).

9. "Gas Turbine Combustion", American Society of Mechanical Engineers Seminar, Saudi

Chapter, Jeddah, 28.9.1988.

10. "Aero-thermally Induced Vibrations in Gas Turbine Engines", Thermal Engineering Department

Seminar, KAAU, Jeddah Training Centre, 28.4.1992.

11. "Lubricants, Fuels & Maintenance with Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines", American Society of

Mechanical Engineers Seminar, Saudi Chapter, Jeddah, 17.5.1993.12. Some Trends & Progress in Gas Turbine Research & Technology, Thermal Engineering

Dep. Seminar ,KAAU ,Jeddah ,S.A., 4.11.1415H(4.41995); Al-Hijjawi College for Applied

Engineering ,Yarmouk University , Jordan (25.7.1995); Jordan Electricity Authority ,Amman

(4.9.1995);Jordan Petroleum Refinery ,August 1996; Jordan University for Science &

Technology JUST, August 3,1996.

13. Utilizing Gas Turbine Cogeneration Systems in Power & Industry, Society of Jordanian

Engineers ,Irbid Branch , July 29,1997; Jordan Electricity Authority, Amman (11.5.1999)

14. "Modern Automotive Technology-Autotronics", Society of Automotive Engineers, Irbid Branch,

December 9,2005

15. Chairing Technical Sessions in the Scientific Day for the college & the Department;2004,2005, 2006.

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16. Energy Scenarios, Philadelphia University, May 2006

17. Cogeneration and Combined Systems with gas Turbine Engines, German Aerospace

Center DLR- Stuttgart, August 06.

Fuel Cell Development, EBZ GmbH ,Dresden, Germany, September 2006.

18- "Advances in Fuel Cell Technology", Mechanical Engineering Department King Abdulaziz

University Jeddah , January 2007. "Gas Turbine Cogeneration Systems in Power and

Industry", Cambridge University- Cambridge , England, 29th

February, 2008.

19- "Engineering Education: Directions and Perspectives for Development", Cambridge

University-Cambridge, England, 29th

February 2008.

20- Gas Turbines: Relative Merits and Applications- Improving Efficiency, Saudi Electric

Company,24 June 2009,Jeddah ,Saudi Arabia.

CONFERENCES & PRESENTATIONS(Please refer to the list of publications for the titles of presented papers).

1. Institute of Energy Annual Meeting, Cambridge University, 1979.

2. "The Fourth Arab Mineral Resources Conference & Symposium on Solid Resources of

Energy", Amman, April 25 - 30, 1981.

3. 20th Joint ASME/AICHE National Heat Transfer Conference, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,

August 2 - 5, 1981. Presented paper No. 2.

4. 27th

ASME International Gas Turbine Conference, London, April 18 - 22, 1982. Presented

Paper No. 5.

5. Turbo-charging & Turbochargers 1982 International Conference, London, April 26 - 28, 1982.

6. Energex 82, "An International Energy Exposition & Conference", Regina, Canada, August 23 -

29, 1982. Presented Paper No. 6.

7. 28th

ASME International Gas Turbine Conference, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A., March 25 - 29,1983. Presented Paper No. 10.

8. 1983 Tokyo International Gas Turbine Congress, Tokyo, Japan, October 24 - 28, 1983 (in

association with ASME). Chaired a session on "emissions" & presented paper No. 11.

9. Second Arab Seminar on Underground Storage, Amman, Jordan, Sept. 3-8, 1983.

10. The 1985 ASME Joint Power Generation Conference, Milwaukee, U.S.A., October 20-24,

1985. Presented Paper No. 15.

11. The First Symposium on Using Solar Energy in Agricultural Applications, Baghdad,

December15-18, 1985. Presented Paper No. 16.

12. 31st

ASME International Gas Turbine Conference, Dusseldorf, West Germany, June 8-12,

1986. Presented Paper No. 20.

13. 35th ASME International Gas Turbine Conference, Brussels, Belgium, June 11-15, 1990.

Presented paper No. 54.

14. Second Saudi Symposium on Energy Utilization & Conservation, KFUPM, Dhahran, Nov. 27-

30, 1994. Presented Paper No. 98

15. Fourth Saudi Engineering Conference, Jeddah 5- 8 November, 1995, Presented Paper No.94.

16. Second Jordanian International Mechanical Engineering Conference, JIMEC97, Jordan

University, Amman, June 1997. Presented Paper No. 116,( Invited Keynote Lecture-

Cogeneration Systems).

17. Third Jordanian International Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Conference, JIMIEC 99,

Applied Science University, Amman, May 9-12, 1999. Presented Paper No. 117 (Invited

Keynote Lecture- Combined Systems).

18. Sixth International Combustion Symposium, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, 19-21 July

1999 . Presented paper No. 115.

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19. Fourth Jordanian International Mechanical Engineering Conference, Jimec 2001, Amman

University, Amman, October 2001. Invited Keynote Lecture on :Engine-Driven Systems.

20. IASTED International Conference (EuroPes), Marbella Spain, 3-5/9/2003.

21. The Scientific Day of Mechatronics Engineering, Jordan University, Amman, March 8, 2004.

Invited Keynote Lecture on Autotronics Engineering.

22. Fifth Jordanian International Mechanical Engineering Conference, JIMEC 2004, Al-BalqaApplied University. Invited Keynote Lecture on Energy & Environment.

23. Fuel Cell Conference, Stuttgart-Germany, 26-28 September 2005.

24. "The International Energy Day", Jordan University of Science & Technology, November 16,

2005. Presented a lecture on "Energy Scenarios".

25. The Eighth "Arab Energy Conference-Energy & Arab cooperation", Amman 14-17 May 2006.

26. "Workshop on Future of Energy in Jordan", Organized by Philadelphia University & The Higher

Council for Science & Technology, 20 May 2006. Invited Lecture on "World Energy Scenarios-

The Options for Jordan".

27. "The Third International Conference on Thermal Engineering: Theory and Applications", May

21-23,2007, Amman, Jordan. Invited keynote Lecture on "Major Advances in Fuel-Cell

Technology".

28. "The Knowledge-Based Industries and Nanotechnology International Conference", February

11-12, 2008, Doha-Qatar, Lecture on :"The Role of Nanotechnology in Developing Fuel Cells".

29. Nanotech Europe 2009 Conference ,Technical University of Berlin, 28-30 September 09,

Germany.

30. Joint German-Jordanian Workshop 2009-Energy and Alternative Fuels, Jordan University12-

16 October 2009, Amman, Jordan .

31. Energy Management and Future Development, Yarmouk University,4-5 October,2009,Irbid

,Jordan. Invited lecture on Energy Efficiency.

PATENTS1. "Using Ramjets as Prime Movers in Non-aeronautical Applications", United Kingdom Patent

Office, Patent No. 2165310, 13th July 1988.

PATENT PUBLICATIONS1. "Turbofan Engines for L& & Sea Transport", 9 July, 1986. No. 8500004, United Kingdom.

2. "A New Design of Pulsejets for Aeronautical Applications & L& Moving Vehicles", 25 March,

1987. No. 8515594, United Kingdom.

INNOVATIONS1. Development of a Smart Device to Save Fuel Consumption in Vehicles2. Development of a Smart Controller for Ignition and fuel Injection Systems

BOOKS1. "Internal Combustion Engines & Gas Turbines, Laboratory Manual", Mechanical Engineering

Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan. 1985.

2. Coauthor: "Diesel Mechanics", Ministry of Education, Jordan, 1987, (In Arabic).

3. Autotronics (Modern Automotive Technology), 2002.

BOOK REVIEW1. "Gas Turbine Fuels & Their Influence on Combustion", by J. Odgers & D. Kretschmer, Review

for Journal of FUEL, 1986.

RESEARCH IN PROGRESS

1. Advanced Energy Systems with Gas Turbine Engines.2. Modeling & Performance of Internal Combustion Engines.

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3. Alternative Fuels.

4. Autotronics

SUPERVISING OF M. SC. THESES1. R. Droubi, "Soot Formation & Oxidation in the Gas Turbine", Dec. 1985.

2. N. Lamfon "Gas Turbine Waste Heat Recovery Using Heat Pipe". 1993.

3. A. Alghamdi, Performance of Closed -Loop Steam -Cooled Gas Turbine System, December,

1999.

4. A. Jaber, "Performance of Gas Turbine Cogeneration with Inlet-Air Cooling Using Absorption

Refrigeration Powered by Exhaust Gases, August 2005.

5. H. Dalgamouni Characteristics of Regenerated Automotive Gas Turbine at Variable Load,

January 2007.

6. A. Malkawi, Performance Characteristics of a Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Micro Gas Turbine

for Automotive Applications, May 2010.

EXAMINING M.SC THESES1. "Conical Solar Still", May 1985.

2. -Type Solar Still", December 1985.

3. "The Potentiality of Cogeneration in the Industries of Saudi Arabia", June 1989.

4. A Study of Water Spraying System to Improve Climatic Conditions, March, 1998.

EXAMINING PH.D THESES1. "Modeling and Testing of a Fuel Cell Utilizing Local Sand for Hydrogen Storage",

May 2007.

PROFESSIONAL INVITED VISITS

1- The High Institute of Aeronautics , Moscow, August 2002: Invitation to give aseminar on Using ramjet engines in industrial applications.

2- The Royal Swedish Technical Insti tute (KTH) , for two weeks (18 September-30 September,2004) to discuss and develop an M.Sc Program in EnergyTechnology, with special interest in Fuel Cells in the Chemical EngineeringDepartment.

3- "German Aerospace Center, DLR" for one month (14 August 14 September2006) to carry out research on " Combined Gas Turbine Power Plants with SolidOxide Fuel Cells"

4- Fuel Cell Development, EBZ GmbH, September 2006, Dresden, Germany.5- Real SOFC 2006: Intensive Course on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology ,

Organized by the European Project Real SOFC ,3-8 September 2006, Lemnos-Greece.

6- Nanotech Europe 2009 Conference ;Nanotechnology for Energy Applicationsand Materials ,28-30 September 2009 at the Technical University of Berlin,Germany

EVALUATION OF INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS

1- "Development of Metallic Interconnects for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC's).

2- "The Development of Quasi-crystalline Alloys to Function as Hydrogen StorageTanks".

3- "Development of Nano-Catalysts, Design and manufacture of Polymer ElectrolyteMembrane(PEM) fuel Cell"

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Professional Engineering Training Courses(9.3.2010)

Gas and Steam Turbine Power

1- Gas Turbines I : Operation ,Maintenance and Troubleshooting*2- Gas Turbine Operation Analysis* 3-Gas Turbine Maintenance 4-Gas Turbine Auxiliary Systems*

5- Gas Turbines II : Design , Performance and Reliability*6- Gas Turbines III : Advanced Engine Systems; Matching ; Performance Deterioration and Recovery*7- Gas Turbine Protection : Inspection ,Control , and Monitoring*8- Performance Augmentation : Strategies for Gas Turbines and Combined Cycles*9- Ruston Gas Turbines(TB 5000):Instrumentation, Control and Monitoring10-Gas and Steam Turbine Plants : Design , Performance and Monitoring11-Steam Turbines: Operation and Maintenance12-Power and Desalination Plants: Based on Gas and Steam Turbines Turbomachines13- Pumps and Compressors: Operation, Troubleshooting and Maintenance*14- Fans and Blowers: Selection, Operation, Maintenance and Applications*15- Blowers ,Compressors and Turbochargers: Operation , Troubleshooting andMaintenance*16- Turbo and positive-Displacement Compressors*17- Pumps: Applications, Selection , Sizing ,Performance ,Operation ,Maintenance and Troubleshooting *

18- Centrifugal Compressors: Applications, Selection, Sizing, Performance, Maintenance and Troubleshooting*

Static Equipment

19- Piping and Valves: Design, Construction, Operation, Protection and Integrity

20- Valves: Safety Relief Valves: Selection, Operation and Maintenance

21- Boilers: Design, Operation, Control and Management

22- Heat Exchangers: Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Design, Operation, Control and Troubleshooting

23- Gas Conditioning and Processing

24- Sealing Technology: Design, Selection, Operation and Maintenance

25- Instrumentation and Control: Sensors, Actuators, and Industrial Applications

26- Maximizing Energy Efficiency in Buildings27- Energy Conservation in Industrial Processes, Systems and Equipment28- Nondestructive Evaluation: Technologies and Applications

29- Shaft and Coupling Alignment* 30- Fuel Handling Systems

Internal Combustion Engines and Automotive Technology

31- Diesel and Gas Engines: Operation, Maintenance and Troubleshooting*

32- Modern Automotive Technology: [ Autotronics]* Rotating Equipment and Failure Analysis33- Rotating Equipment: Preventive and Predictive Maintenance*

34- Reliability, Availability and Maintainability for Plant Profitability(RAMP)*35- Machinery Failure Analysis and Troubleshooting*

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Professor Yousef S.H. Najjar

Founding Chairman of Mechanical Engineering DepartmentFounding Director of the Energy Center

Jordan University of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box 3030 - Irbid 22110 JORDANTel.- Office: +9622-7201000 Ext 22569

Telefax (Resid): +9622-7100836Mobile: 00962-785-793463

E-mail: y_najjar@hotmail.com

N.B. Bold-written courses are ready *: Films will be displayed

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List ofPublications in Refereed International Journals and

Conferences (2009)

PROFESSOR YOUSEF S.H. NAJJAR

1. E.M. Goodger and Y.S.H. Najjar, "Heavy-Fuel Flame Radiation in Gas Turbine Combustors

Exploratory Results", FUEL, Vol. 56, pp. 437-440 October 1977.

2. Y.S.H. Najjar and E.M. Goodger, "Radiation and Smoke from the Gas Turbine Combustor Using

Heavy Fuels", ASME Paper No. 81-HT-21, 20th Joint ASME/AICHE National Heat Transfer

Conference, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, August 2-5, 1981.

3. Y.S.H. Najjar and E. M. Goodger, "Soot Formation in Gas Turbines Using Heavy Fuels, 1",

FUEL , Vol. 60, pp. 980-986, October 1981.

4. Y.S.H. Najjar and E.M. Goodger, "Soot Oxidation in Gas Turbines Using Heavy Fuels, II", FUEL,

Vol. 60, pp. 987-990, October 1981.

5. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Combustor Liner Temperature in the Gas Turbine Using Heavy Fuels", ASME

Paper No. 82-GT-31, 27th International Gas Turbine Conference, London, April 18-22, 1982.

6. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Prediction of Some Performance Characteristics of Jordanian Shale Oil in the

Gas Turbine Combustor", ENERGEX '82, The International Energy Conference and Exposition,

August 23-29, 1982, Regina, Canada.

7. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Combustor Liner Temperature in The Gas Turbine Using Heavy Fuels", Journalof the Institute of Energy, Vol. LV, No. 425, pp. 195-200, December 1982.

8. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Some Performance Characteristics of the Gas Turbine Combustor Using Heavy

Fuels", Journal of the Institute of Energy, Vol. LV, No. 425, pp. 187-194, December 1982.

9. Y.S.H. Najjar and E.M. Goodger, "Radiation and Smoke from the Gas Turbine Combustor Using

Heavy Fuels", ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 105, pp. 82-88, February 1983.

10. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Temperature Traverse Quality in the Gas Turbine Combustor Using Heavy

Fuels", ASME Paper No. 85-GT-5, The 28th International Gas Turbine Conference Phoenix,

Arizona, U.S.A., March 27-31, 1983.

11. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Engineering Prediction of Soot Concentration in the Primary Zone of the Gas

Turbine Combustor", ASME Paper No. 83-GTJ-10, 1983 Tokyo International Gas Turbine

Congress, October 23-28, 1983.

12. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Lubricants and Fuels Analysis as a Guide for Predictive Maintenance in Diesel

Engines", ASME Paper No. 84-DGP-2, 1984 Energy Sources Technology Conference New

Orleans, February 11-17, 1984.

13. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Engineering Prediction of Soot Concentration in the Primary Zone of the Gas

Turbine Combustor", FUEL, Vol. 64, pp. 93-98, January 1985.

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14. T.K. Aldoss and Y.S.H. Najjar, "Further Development of the Swinging Blade Savonius Rotor",

Journal of Wind Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 165-170, 1985.

15. Y.S.H. Najjar, "A Developed Model for the Prediction of Soot Formation and Oxidation in the

Gas Turbine", ASME Paper No. 85-JPGC-GT, ASME International Joint Power Generation

Conference, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Oct. 20-24, 1985.

16. Y.S.H. Najjar and A. Badran, "The Solar Gas Turbine for Pump and Electric Generator Drive",

The First Symposium on the Use of Solar Energy in Agricultural Applications", Baghdad,

December 15-18, 1985, ENERGY, The International Journal, Vol. 11, No. 10, pp. 1027-1030,

1986.

17. Y.S.H. Najjar and H. Abukayyas, "Fuel Effect on Reciprocating Engine Performance", American

Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Paper No. 860085, 1986.

18. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Gibbs Function as a Correlating Performance Parameter for Fuels Used in

Engines", The International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 45-57, January

1986.

19. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Temperature Traverse Quality in the Gas Turbine Combustor Using Heavy

Fuels", The International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 193-202, April 1986.

20. Y.S.H. Najjar and T.K. Aldoss, "The Part-Load Performance of a Gas Turbine Engine with Two

Turbines Working in Parallel", ASME Paper No. 86-GT-237, ASME 31st International Gas

Turbine Conference, Dusseldorf, June 8-12, 1986.

21. Y.S.H. Najjar and T.K. Aldoss, "Turbofan Engines for Land and Sea Transport", United Kingdom

Patent Office Publication, July 1986.

22. Y.S.H. Najjar, "A Developed Model for the Prediction of Soot Formation and Oxidation in the

Gas Turbine", Journal of the Institute of Energy, Vol. LIX, No. 440, pp. 148-153, September

1986.

23. Y.S.H. Najjar "Gas Turbine Fuels and Their Influence on Combustion", Book Review, FUEL, Vol.

65, pp. 1317, 1986.

24. Y.S.H. Najjar and T.K. Aldoss, "Waste Energy Utilization in Regenerative Gas Turbine Cycles",

ASME International Joint Power Generation Conference, Portland, Oct. 19-23, 1986.

25. Y.S.H. Najjar and A. Mansour "Gas-Turbine Total Energy Systems", ENERGY, The International

Journal, Vol. 11, No. 10, pp. 1023-1025, 1986.

26. Y.S.H. Najjar and T.K. Aldoss, "Waste Energy Utilization in Heat Exchange Gas Turbine

Cycles", Journal of Heat Recovery Systems, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 323-334, 1986.

27. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Prediction of Some Performance Characteristics of Shale Oil in the Gas Turbine

Combustor", The International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 69-75, Jan. 1987.

28. A.R. Mansour and Y.S.H. Najjar, "Evaluation of Peng-Robinson Equation of State in Calculating

Thermo-physical Properties of the Gas Turbine Combustion Gases", J. Combustion Scienceand Technology, Vol. 56, pp. 77-84, 1987.

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29. T.K. Aldoss and Y.S.H. Najjar, "The Performance of Two Savonius Rotors Running Side by

Side", J. of Wind Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 2, p. 79-88, 1987.

30. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Lubricants and Fuels Analysis as a Guide for Predictive Maintenance in Diesel

Engines", FUEL, Vol. 66, pp. 431-434, March 1987.

31. T.K. Aldoss and Y.S.H. Najjar, "A New Design of Pulsejets for Aeronautical Applications and

Land Moving Vehicles", United Kingdom Patent Office Publication, March 1987.

32. Y.S. H. Najjar and R. Droubi, "Prediction of Gas Turbine Combustor Liner Temperature", ASME

Paper No. 87-GT-177, ASME International Gas Turbine Conference, Anaheim, California, May

31-June 4, 1987.

33. Y.S.H. Najjar and R.M. Droubi, "Semi-empirical Method for the Prediction of Soot Formation in

Gas Turbine Combustors", J. of High Temperature Technology, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 95-99, May

1987.

34. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Second Law Analysis of the Combustion Process in the Gas Turbine Engine",

Journal of Engineering & Applied Science, Vol. VI, No. 1, pp. 5-10, June 1987.

35. Y.S.H. Najjar and R.M. Droubi "Prediction of Liner Temperature in Gas Turbine Combustors",

FUEL, Vol. 66, pp. 1156-1160, August 1987.

36. Y.S.H. Najjar and R. Droubi, "Prediction of Soot Formation in Gas Turbine Combustors", Tokyo

International Gas Turbine Congress, Paper No. 87--Tokyo-IGTC-57, October 26-30, 1987.

37. Y.S.H. Najjar and T.K. Aldoss, "Performance of a Gas Turbine Engine with Two Methods of

Control", Journal of the Institute of Energy, Vol. LX, No. 445, pp. 185-192, December 1987.

38. Y.S.H. Najjar and A. Mansour, 'Evaluation of SRK Equation of State in Calculating Thermo-

physical Properties of Combustion Gases", The International Journal of Energy Research, Vol.

11, No. 4, pp. 459-477, December 1987.

39. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Optimization of Shaft Gas Turbine Cycles", The International J. of Mech.

Engineering Education Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 267-276, 1987.

40. A. Mansour and Y.S.H. Najjar, "An Accurate Equation of State to Predict Thermodynamic

Properties of Pure Substances", J. of Energy Progress, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 183-185, December

1987.

41. Y.S.H. Najjar and A. Mansour, "Evaluation of Peng Robinson Equation of State in Calculating

Thermo-physical Properties of Combustion Gases", International Journal of Chemical

Engineering Communications, Vol. 61, pp. 327-345, 1987.

42. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Optimum Performance of a Simple Gas Turbine Engine Used as a Source of

Compressed Air", Journal of High Temperature Technology, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 27-29, February

1988.

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43. M. Othman, Y.S.H. Najjar and T. W. Abou Arab, "Fuel Effect on Induced Vibrations in Gas

Turbine Engines", FUEL Vol. 67, pp. 321-326, March 1988.

44. Y.S.H. Najjar and M. Othman, "Fuel Effect on Vehicular Gas Turbine Performance", FUEL, Vol.

67, pp. 994-966, July 1988.

45. T.K. Aldoss and Y.S.H. Najjar, "Using Ramjets as Prime Movers in Non-aeronauticalApplications", United Kingdom Patent Office, Patent No. 2165310,13th July 1988.

46. Y.S.H. Najjar and H. AbuKayyas, "Performance of Automotive Reciprocating Engines with

Different Fuels", Journal of Fuel Science and Technology International, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 315-

327, 1988.

47. Y.S.H. Najjar and A.M. Radhwan, "Cogeneration by Combining Gas Turbine Engine with

Organic Rankine Cycle", Journal of Heat Recovery Systems and CHP, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 211-

219, 1988.

48. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Forced Draft Cooling Tower Performance with Diesel Power Stations", Journal of

Heat Transfer Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 36-44, 1988.

49. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Performance Analysis of a Solar Gas Turbine", J. High Temperature Technology,

Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 27-32, February 1989.

50. Y.S.H. Najjar and M.N. Nahas, "A Comparative Study of Engine-Driven Heat Pumps", J. Institute

of Energy, Vol. LX11, N. 451, pp. 102-107, June 1989.

51. Y.S.H. Najjar and M.N. Nahas, "Optimum Performance of Engine-Driven Heat Pumps",

International Symposium on Thermodynamic Analysis and Improvement of Energy Systems,

Beijing, China, June 5-8, 1989.

52. Y.S.H. Najjar and M.N. Nahas, "Feasibility of Gas Turbine Assisted Heat Pumps for Space

Heating", Journal of Heat Recovery Systems and CHP, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 513-520, 1989.

53. T.W. Abou-Arab, M.O. Othman, Y.S.H. Najjar and N.T. Ahmad, "Combustion and Heat Transfer

Characteristics for Dual-Fuel Cylindrical Water Heater Model", FUEL, Vol. 69, pp 485-489, April

1990.

54. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Energy Conservation with Catalytic Cracking in the Refinery", ASME Paper No.

90-GT-181, ASME International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress Brussels, June 1990.

55. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Hydrogen Gas Turbine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery and Deliquefaction of

LNG", ASME Cogen-Turbo IV New Orleans, August 1990.

56. Y.S.H. Najjar, A.H. Zahed, M.D. Bashir, and Talip Alp, "Feasibility of Hydrogen Utilization in Gas

Turbine Engines", Journal of Energy and Environment, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp 240-251 1990.

57. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Developing a Graphical Analytical Procedure and Experimental Facility for

Determining Compressibility of Gases", International Journal of Applied Engineering Education,

Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 573-578, 1990.

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58. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Hydrogen Fueled and Cooled Gas Turbine Engine", International Journal of

Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 15, No. 11, pp 827-832, 1990.

59. Y.S.H. Najjar and M.S. Ismail, "Optimum Pressure Ratios for Different Gas Turbine Cycles",

Journal of High Temperature Technology, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp 283-289, 1990.

60. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Saving Energy in Refineries by Means of Expanders in Fluidized Bed CatalyticCracking", Journal of the Institute of Energy Vol. LXVI, No. 458, pp. 31-35, March 1991.

61. Y.S.H. Najjar, "A Cryogenic Gas Turbine Engine Using Hydrogen for Waste Heat Recovery and

Re-gasification of LNG", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 129-134,

1991.

62. A.H. Zahed, M.D. Bashir, Talip Alp and Y.S.H. Najjar, "A Perspective of Solar Hydrogen and its

Utilization in Saudi Arabia", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 277-

281, 1991.

63. M.O. Othman, T.W. Abou-Arab and Y.S.H. Najjar "Effect of Fuel-Air Mixture Heterogeneity on

Vibration in Continuous Combustion Systems", Journal of Energy and Environment Vol. 2, No.

2, pp 138-152, 1991.

64. Y.S.H. Najjar and M.B. Habeebullah, "Energy Conservation in the Refinery by Utilizing

Reformed Fuel Gas and Furnace Flue Gases", Journal of Heat Recovery Systems & CHP, Vol.

11, No. 6, pp 517-521, 1991.

65. Y.S.H. Najjar, "The Overexpansion Gas Turbine Cycle Using Hydrogen", The International

Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 16, No. 9, pp 625-629, 1991.

66. Y.S.H. Najjar and A.M. Radhwan, "Comparison of Total Energy Systems Using Gas Turbine and

Diesel Engine for Combined Cooling", International Journal of Refrigeration , Vol. 14, pp 351-

356, Nov. 1,1991.

67. A.A. Badran and Y.S.H. Najjar, "The Inverted Trickle Flat Plate Solar Collector", International

Journal of Solar Energy, Vol. 14, pp. 33-41, 1993.

68. T.W. Abou-Arab, M. Othman, and Y.S.H. Najjar, "Vibration Spectra as a Feedback for

Controlling Multi-Cylinder Engine Performance", Journal of Energy and Environment, Vol. 3, No.

2, pp. 176-192, 1992.

69. Y.S.H. Najjar, and M. S. Zaamout, "Comparison of Performance of Single and Twin-Shaft Solar

Gas Turbine Systems", The International Journal of Ambient Energy, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp 103-111,

April 1992.

70. Y.S.H. Najjar, and M.S. Zaamout, "Comparative Performance of Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine

Engine with Heat Recovery Using Different Gases", Journal of Heat Recovery Systems and

CHP, Vol. 12, No. 6,pp 489-495, 1992.

71. Y.S.H. Najjar and M.S. Zaamout, "Cryogenic Power Conversion with Re-gasification of LNG in a

Gas Turbine Plant", Journal of Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp 273-

280, 1993.

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72. Y.S.H. Najjar, M.M. Al-Beirutty and M.S. Ismail, "A Two-Constant Equation of State for Accurate

Prediction of Joule-Thomson Inversion Curve for Air in Cryogenic Applications", Journal of

Cryogenics, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 169-174, 1993.

73. Y.S.H. Najjar and R.M. Droubi, "A Potentially Capable Model for Predicting Combustor Liner

Temperature in Gas Turbines", Journal of Fuel Science and Technology International,, Vol. 11,No. 7, pp 863-873 , 1993.

74. O.M. Al-Rabghi, M. Al-Beirutty, M. Akyurt, Y.S.H. Najjar and T. Alp, "Recovery and Utilization of

Waste Heat, J. Heat Recovery Systems and CHP. Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 463-470, 1993.

75. Y.S.H. Najjar, M. Akyurt, O.M. Al-Rabghi and T. Alp, "Cogeneration with Gas Turbine Engines",

J. Heat Recovery Systems & CHP. Vol.13, No.5, pp. 471-480, 1993.

76. O.M. Al-Rabghi, M. Akyurt, Y.S.H. Najjar and T. Alp, Heat Exchangers for Waste-Heat

Recovery", J. Energy & Environment, Vol. 4, No.3, pp 284-306, 1993.

77. M. Akyurt, M. Al-Beirutty, O.M. Al-Rabghi, Y.S.H. Najjar and T. Alp, "Heat Pipes for Waste Heat

Recovery", Transactions, Mechanical Engineering, I.E. Aust, Vol. ME 18, No.3, 1993.

78. Y.S.H. Najjar and M.N. Nahas, "Intercooled Low Pressure Turbo- Steam-Injection Gas Turbine

with Cogeneration", Journal of the Institute of Energy, Vol. LXVII, No. 470, pp. 30-36, March

1994.

79. Y.S.H. Najjar and M. Akyurt, "Combined Cycles with Gas Turbine Engines", Journal of Heat

Recovery Systems & CHP, Vol. 14, No.2, pp. 93-103, 1994.

80. Y.S.H. Najjar, M. Akyurt, O.M. Al-Rabghi and T. Alp, "Review of Some Energy and

Environmental Aspects of the Gas Turbine Engine", Journal of Energy &, Environment Vol.5,

No.2, pp 127-142, 1994.

81. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Performance of Simple Gas Turbine Engines in Two Modes of Operation",

Journal of Energy Conversion and Management. Vol. 35 , No. 5, pp. 343-441 , 1994

82. M. Othman, Y.S.H. Najjar and T.W. Abou Arab "Vibration Analysis of a Single Cylinder Internal

Combustion Engine in S.I. and C.I. Modes", Journal of Noise and Vibration in Industry, Vol.8,

No.3, pp 54-53, 1994.

83. N.J. Lamfon, M. Akyurt and Y.S.H. Najjar, "Waste Heat Recovery Using Looped Heat Pipes for

Air Cooling", Journal of Heat Recovery Systems and CHP, Vol.14, No.4, pp. 365-376, 1994.

84. Y.S.H. Najjar, T.K. Aldoss, "Boosting Aero-engine Thrust by Using Ramjets", Aircraft

Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol.66, No.6, pp. 2-4,1994.[Outstanding Paper -1995

Award of Excellence]

85. N.J. Lamfon, M.Akyurt, Y.S.H.Najjar and O.M. Al-Rabghi, "Thermo-physical Relationships for

Waste Heat Recovery Using Looped Heat Pipes", International Journal of Energy Research,

Vol. 18, No. 7, pp. 633-642, 1994.

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86. Y.S.H. Najjar ,N.J. Lamfon and M. Akyurt, " Modeling and Simulation of Gas Turbine Engines,

Part 1: Design Point Performance at ISO Conditions", International Journal of Power and Energy

Systems,Vol.15,No.2,pp. 61-67,1995.

87. Y.S.H. Najjar, N.J. Lamfon and M. Akyurt, " Modeling and Simulation of Gas Turbine Engines,

Part 2: Impact of Ambient Conditions on Gas Turbine Performance", International Journal ofPower and Energy Systems, Vol.15 , No.3, pp. 94-103,1995.

88. M. Akyurt, N.J. Lamfon , Y.S.H. Najjar, M.H. Habeebullah and T.Y. Alp, "Modeling of Waste

Heat Recovery by Looped Water-in-Steel Heat Pipes", The International Journal of Heat and

Fluid Flow,Vol.16, No.4, pp. 263-271, 1995.

89. Y.S.H. Najjar and M.S. Zaamout, "A Gas Turbine Engine Integrated with a Combined Power and

Refrigeration Closed System", Journal of the Institute of Energy,Vol.68, No.476, pp. 152-

156,Sep.1995.

90. Y.S.H. Najjar, N.J. Lamfon and M. Akyurt, "Modeling and Simulation of Gas Turbine Engines atDifferent Loading Conditions", ECOS 95 International Conference, July 11-14,1995,Istanbul,

Turkey.

91. M. Akyurt, Y.S.H. Najjar, and M. Habeebullah, "Performance of a Heat Pipe Based Waste-Heat

Recovery and Utilization System for a Gas Turbine Engine", Journal of The Institute of Energy

,Vol.68, No.475, pp. 80-84, June 1995

92. Y.S.H. Najjar, "A Review of Aero-thermally Induced Vibrations in Gas Turbine Engines", Journal

of Energy and Environment, Vol.6, No.2, pp. 143-157, 1995.

93. Y.S.H. Najjar and M.S. Zaamout, "Combined Power and Refrigeration System Utilizing the

Waste Heat of a Gas Turbine Engine", ECOS 95 International Conference, July 11-14, 1995,

Istanbul, Turkey.

94. N.J Lamfon, Y.S.H Najjar and M.Akyurt, Consideration on Using Heat Pipes to Recover Gas

Turbine Waste Heat , Proceedings of the Fourth Saudi Engineering Conference ,Vol.4, pp277-

283, Nov.1995, Jeddah.

95. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Enhancement of Performance of Gas Turbine Engines by Inlet Air Cooling and

Cogeneration System", Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering,Vol.16,No.2,pp.163-173,1996

96. Y.S.H. Najjar, N.J. Lamfon and M. Akyurt, " Modeling and Simulation of Gas Turbine Engines ,

Part 3: Analysis of Part Load Performance", International Journal of Power and Energy

Systems,Vol.16,No.1,pp. 29-35,1996.

97. N.J. Lamfon, M. Akyurt, Y.S.H. Najjar and O.M. Al-Rabghi, "Performance of a Waste Heat

Recovery System Using Looped Heat Pipes", International Journal of Power & Energy Systems,

Vo.l6, No1, pp. 40-47, 1996.

98. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Some Trends and Progress in Gas Turbine Technology and Research", Journal

of Energy Conversion and Management, Vol.37, No.12, pp1713-1723, 1996.

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99. Y.S.H. Najjar and M.S. Zaamout, "Performance Analysis of Gas Turbine Air-Bottoming

Combined System", Journal of Energy Conversion and Management ,Vol.37, No.4, pp. 399-403,

1996.

100. N.J. Lamfon, O.M. Al-Rabghi, M. Akyurt and Y.S.H. Najjar, "Modeling and Simulation of a Waste

Heat Recovery System Using Looped Heat Pipes", International Journal of Power and EnergySystems, Vol.16, No.3, pp120-129,1996 .

101. Y.S.H. Najjar, and A.M. Al-Turki, "Modeling and Simulation of Spark-Ignition Engines", Journal

of Fuel Science and Technology International., Vol.14,No. 8,pp993-1018,1996.

102. Y.S.H. Najjar, and A.M. Al-Turki, "Modeling and Simulation of Compression-Ignition Engines",

Journal of Fuel Science and Technology International, Vol. 14, No.8, pp1019-1035, 1996.

103. Y.S.H. Najjar and M.S. Zaamout, "Enhancing Gas Turbine Engine Performance by Means of the

Evaporative Regenerative Cycle", Journal of The Institute of Energy, Vol.69 , No.478,pp2-8,

March 1996.

104. Y.S.H. Najjar, and M. Habeebullah, "Re-powering a Steam Power Plant by by means of

Fluidized-Bed-Combustion and a Two-Shaft Gas Turbine", Journal of the Institute of

Energy,Vol.69,No.479,pp112-118,June 1996.

105. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Relative Effect of Pressure Losses and Inefficiencies of Turbomachines on the

Performance of Heat-Exchange Gas Turbine Cycle", Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering,

Vol.16, No.8/9, pp 769-776, 1996.

106. M.A. Al-Nimr, V.S. Arpaci and Y.S.H. Najjar, Temperature and Soot Concentration in a High

Soot Density Flame, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.39, No.6, pp1235-

1241, 1996.

107. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Comparison of Performance for Cogeneration Systems Using Single or Twin-

Shaft Gas Turbine Engines", Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol 17,No. 2,pp113-

124,1997.

108. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Some Engineering Fluids Using

Two-Constant Equations of State" Journal of Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 303, pp 137-143, 1997.

109. M. Habeebullah, M. Akyurt, and Y.S.H. Najjar , "A Heat-Pipe

Assisted Waste Heat Recovery and Utilization System, Transactions Mechanical Engineers,

I.E. Aust, Vol. ME 22, Nos.1&2, pp55-59,1997.

110. Y.S.H. Najjar, Parametric Study of the Residual Gas in Spark Ignition Engine ,Journal of

Petroleum Science and Technology ,Vol.15 ,Nos.9&10,1997.

111. N.J. Lamfon , Y.S.H. Najjar and M. Akyurt, Modeling and Simulation of Combined Gas Turbine

Engine and Heat Pipe System for Waste Heat Recovery and Utilization, Journal of Energy

Conversion and Management , Vol.39, No.1/2, pp81-86,1998.

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112. Y.S.H. Najjar, "Comparison of Modeling and Simulation Results for Single and Twin-Shaft Gas

Turbine Engines" International Journal of Power and Energy Systems ,Vol. 18,No. 1, pp 29-

33,1998.

113. Y.S.H. Najjar and M.S. Zaamout, Performance Analysis of Compressed Air Energy Storage

(CAES) Plant for Dry Regions, Journal of Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 39, No.15, pp1503-1511,1998.

114. Y.S.H. Najjar, Comparison of Performance of the Integrated Gas and Steam Cycle (IGSC) with

the Combined Cycle (CC) , Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 1., pp75-

87,1999.

115. Y.S.H. Najjar, Combined Gas Turbine Engine with Water Desalination System, International

Journal of Power and Energy Systems ,Vol. 20, No.1, pp 36-43, 2000.

116. Y.S.H. Najjar, Gas Turbine Cogeneration Systems: a Review of Some Novel Cycles, Journal of

Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol.20, No. 2, pp 179-197, 2000.

117. Y.S.H. Najjar, Efficient Use of Energy by Utilizing Gas Turbine Combined Systems, Journal of

Applied Thermal Engineering , Vol.21,No.4,pp 407-438,2001.

118. Y.S.H. Najjar and A.M.S. Akeel, Effect of Pre-whirl on the Performance of Centrifugal

Compressors, International Journal of Rotary Machinery, vol.8, No. 6 , pp397-402, 2002.

119. Y.S.H. Najjar, Directions and Perspectives for Development of Engineering Education in

Jordan, European Journal of Engineering Education, Vol.28, No.1, pp47-58, 2003.

120. M. Alhazmy and Y.S.H. Najjar, Augmentation of Gas Turbine Performance Using Air Coolers,

Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 24, Nos.2-3, pp415-429, 2004.

121. M.H. Al-Beirutty, A.S. Alghamdi and Y.S.H. Najjar, Heat Transfer Analysis for a Multisage Gas

Turbine Using Different Blade-Cooling Schemes, Journal of Applied Thermal

Engineering,Vol.24,No.4 ,pp563-577,2004.

122. Y.S.H. Najjar, A.S. Alghamdi and M.H. Al-Beirutty, Comparative Performance of Combined Gas

Turbine Systems Under Three Different Blade Cooling Schemes, Journal of Applied Thermal

Engineering ,Vol.24,No.13,pp1919-1934,2004.

123. Y.S.H. Najjar and A. Al-Khadrawi Parametric Study of Heat Transfer in Internal Combustion

Engines, Journal of Heat and Technology, vol 22, No.2,2004.

124. Y.S.H. Najjar and N. Al-Juba Comparison of Performance of Compressed-Air Energy Storage

Plant (CAES) with Compressed-Air Storage with Humidification(CASH), Proceedings of the

Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE),Vol.220, Part A ,Journal of Power and Energy,

pp581-588,2006.

125. Y.S.H. Najjar and S. F. Al-Sharif , Thermodynamic Optimization of the Turbofan Cycle,

Journal of Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology,Vol.78, No. 6, pp467-480,

2006.[Outstanding Paper-2007 Award of Excellence]

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126. Y.S.H. Najjar and S.A.M.S. Akeel, "Evaluation of Mass Flow Rate Through an Axial Gas

Turbine Stage Using Different Computational Methods", Proceedings of the Institution of

Mechanical Engineers, Part E,Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering,vol 221,No.E2,pp109-

116,2006.

127. A.S. Alghamdi, Yousef S.H. Najjar and M.H.Al-Beirutty, Aero-thermal Design of a Multistage

axial-Flow Gas Turbine with Air Cooling" ,Accepted for publication in the International Journal of

Mechanical Engineering Education.

128. N. Al-Juba and Y.S.H. Najjar, Comparison of Performance of a Cascaded Humidified

Advanced Turbine (CHAT) with Combined Gas Turbine Engine, The International Journal of

Sustainable Energy, vol. 26,No.4, Dec. 2007,pp209-220.

129. Y.S.H. Najjar," Modern and Appropriate Technologies for the Reduction of Gaseous Pollutants

and Their Effects on Environment, The International Journal of Clean Technologies andEnvironmental Policies, vol 10, 2008,pp269-278.

130. Y.S.H. Najjar, and M.Al-Zahrani, Comparison of Performance of a Direct-Injection Stratified

Charge Engine (DISC) with a Spark-Ignition Engine, The International Journal of Energy and

Technology

131. Y.S.H. Najjar, Alternative Fuels with Spark Ignition Engines, Accepted for publication in The

International Journal of Fuels and Energy ,2009,2,pp1-9,

132. Y.S.H. Najjar ,Comparison of Performance of a Compact Spark-Ignition Engine withConventional S.I. Engine, Accepted for publication in the International Journal of Energy

Research.

133. Y.S.H. Najjar, Gaseous Pollutants Formation and Their Harmful Effects on Health and

Environment, Journal of utilities Policies.

134. Y.S.H. Najjar and G.M. Tashtoosh," Feasibility of Engine-Driven Systems for Space Heating ",

International Journal of the Energy and Environment.

135. Y.S.H. Najjar and G.M. Tashtoosh , "Feasibility of Engine-Driven Systems for Space Cooling"

International Journal of Energy Conversion and management.

136. H.N.H. Dalgamouni and Y.S. H. Najjar, "Performance Analysis of the Regenerative Automotive

Gas Turbine Engine", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, International

Journal of Vehicle Design.

137. S.A.M.S. Akeel and Y.S.H. Najjar ,Comparison of Mass Flux in an Axial Gas Turbine Stage with

Free and Forced-Vortex Flows ,International Journal of Thermal Sciences.

138.K.J.M. Al-Khishali, Y.S.H. Najjar and O.H.Ghazal, Effect of Variable Inlet-Valve Timing IVO,IVC

and Overlap Angles on the Internal Combustion Engine Performance, International Journal of

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Applied Thermal Engineering

139. O.H. Ghazal ,Y.S.H. Najjar and K.J.M. AlKhishali and, Effect of Variable Exhaust-Valve

Timing EVO,EVC and Overlap Angles on the Internal Combustion Engine Performance,

International Journal of Thermal Sciences.

140. Y.S.H. Najjar ,K.J.M. Al-Khishali, and O.H. Ghazal, Effect of Variable Valve Geometry on

the Internal Combustion Engine Performance, International Journal of Alternative

Propulsion.

141. M. Bani Amer and Y.S.H. Najjar,The Role of Neuro-fuzzy Modelling in Improving the

Performance of Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engines, Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy

Systems

142.Y.S.H. Najjar, M. Abu Khashaba and A. Omar, Indirect Evaporative Inlet Air Cooling with Gas

Turbines, Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering.

143.Y.S.H. Najjar and M. Bani Amer, Fuel Saving by Development of a Smart Device in a DirectInjection Spark-Ignition Vehicular Engine Using Neuro-fuzzy Control System, Journal of

Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems.

144. N. Jubeh and Y.S.H. Najjar, Performance of Compressed -Air, Energy-Storage Combined

with Air-Injected gas turbine Plant, Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering.

145. N. Jubeh and Y.S.H. Najjar, Performance of Adiabatic Compressed Air ,Energy Storage

Plant with Thermal Energy Storage System, International Journal of Energy Conversion and

Management.

146. Y.S.H. Najjar and M. Bani Amer,The Effect of a Neuro-Fuzzy Controller in Reducing the

Pollutants Emitted from a Direct-Injection spark-Ignition Engine, Journal of Intelligent and

Fuzzy Systems.

147. Y.S.H. Najjar and A. Malkawi, Performance and Optimization of a Solid-Oxide Fuel-Cell Gas-

Turbine Hybrid power System, Journal of Power Sources.

148.Y.S.H. Najjar and M.M. Rasras, Design of a Juice Concentration Machine, Desalination.

149.Y.S.H. Najjar ,Hydrogen Safety-A Review, International Journal of Thermal andEnvironmental Engineering (IJTEE).

150.Y.S.H. Najjar, Hydrogen Production, Transmission and Storage: Evaluation of Technologies,IJTEE.

151.Y.S.H. Najjar, Hydrogen Usage in ICE and Fuel Cells ,International Journal of HydrogenEnergy (IJHE).

152. Y.S.H. Najjar, Hydrogen Sensing and Detection, IJHE.