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Making great ideas matterHow science, engineering, law and business connectDr. Andrew MaxwellProfessor, Entrepreneurial Engineering Lassonde School of Engineering

Science and Engineering

Ideas matter ..inventions improve ......................peoples livesAnd make inventors rich..........Or not

THE MOSER BOTTLE

So how do you make money from an invention? Add law as a critical ingredient

Patent is a government license that allows you to sell your product, and prohibits others from copying you.Obtain a patent

THE STORY OF XEROXWhen people needed to copy a document. Options were messy and time consumingMost common: carbon copying

Chester CarlsonIn 1938, Chester used photo-conductivityto apply an electrostatic copy of an image to a piece of paper

HOW XEROGRAPHY WORKSA photoconductive surface given + electrical charge Image exposed on surface and charge drains away from the surface in all but the image area Negatively charged powder is cascaded over the surfacePlain paper with + charge is placed over surface -ve charged powder image electro- statically attracted to +ve charged paperPowder image fused to paper by heat

http://www.xerox.com/downloads/usa/en/s/Storyofxerography.pdf

OVERNIGHT HITHe patented his technology,Developed photocopying machine And sold hundreds of them

OVERNIGHT HITHe patented his technology,Found a company to make them And sold hundreds of them

NOT QUITE AN OVERNIGHT HITTried twenty companiesBefore one would make a photocopier Then sold hundreds of them

Success guaranteedWith compelling adsLike this

COMMERCIAL SUCCESS Xerox https://youtu.be/9xZYcWsh8t0

So how do you make money from an invention? Add business as critical ingredient

PROBLEM WAS THAT No-One would Pay $27,000 for the 914Although they liked technologyAnd could see value and time savingCouldnt spend that much on office equipment

CHANGED WHAT CUSTOMERS PURCHASEDNot the features or the machineBut way people paid for itRather than buy the 914, bought copies for 4

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CHESTER CARLSONS LEGACYJoseph Wilson, President of Xerox, commented:We will never forget that in the individual is the origin of the great creative act" Rewards come to those who see needs that have not been clearly identified by others, and who have the innovating capacity to devise products and services which fill these needs."

http://www.xerox.com/downloads/usa/en/s/Storyofxerography.pdf

Joseph Wilson17

SunEEt SINGH TULI

One part Science, Two parts EngineeringOne part Law, Two parts BusinessAnd the most important, One individual with a vision, to address a need This is Entrepreneurial Engineering, This is Lassonde School of Engineering, This is York UniversitySource: NASA https://youtu.be/6tmbeLTHC_0